Protein-enzyme: doorka guryaha, shaqada of falgalka protein ah ee jirka ku

In gacanta kasta oo nool waxaa jira go'an of falgalka kiimikada. Falgalka (ensaymes) - borotiinada hawlo gaar ah oo aad u muhiim ah. Waxay yihiin yeedhay biocatalysts. Ugu weyn ee shaqada ensaymes ee jirka ku jira waa in la dardar-reactions lagmamaarmaanna. The qalabka laga bilaabo, taas oo catalyzed by dhexgalka ee u taagoo waxaa loogu yeeraa muhashada, iyo xarunta final - products.

In dabiiciga ah, falgalka waa borotiinada shaqeeyaan oo kaliya in nidaamka nool. Laakiin bayotechnoolajiyadda casriga ah, Baadhista clinical, pharmaceutics iyo daawada loo isticmaalo ensaymes la Daahiriyey ama kaxeynayo ay, iyo sidoo kale qaybaha oo dheeraad ah lagama maarmaanka u ah hawlgalka nidaamka iyo xogta muuqaalaynta ah cilmibaadhaha.

Muhiimadda noolaha iyo sifooyinka ensaymes

Haddii aan u taagoo, kuwaas oo u shaqeeyo ma shaqayn kari waayeen nool. All hababka nolosha dhis ka shaqeeya in ensaymes mahad. Shaqada ugu weyn ee falgalka protein ah ee jirka ku - sharciyeynta shiid. iyaga oo aan, ma noqon karto shiid caadiga ah. Regulation hawsha ee u taagoo qaadataa meel sarkhaansan activators (inducers) ama inhibitors. Control shaqeeya heerar kala duwan ee Avv borotiinka. Waxa uu sidoo kale "shaqeeya" khayrna Britain ayaa ku dhameysatay.

The guryaha waaweyn ee falgalka protein - cayimayo in substrate gaar ah. Iyo, sida, awood u leh inay weyni tahay mida keliya ama ka yar taxane ah oo dareen diidmo. Caadi ahaan, geeddi socodka waa kuwan karo. Waayo, waxqabadka labada hawlaha masuul ka mid enzyme. Laakiin sidaas maaha oo dhan.

Doorka falgalka waa lagama maarmaan. iyaga oo aan, ma reactions lagmamaarmaanna u dhacaan. By tallaabada of falgalka, reagents waxaa suurtagal ah in ay ka gudbaan kala ooday dardargelinta aan kharash weyn ee tamarta. In jidhka, waxaa suuro gal ma kulka heerkulka ka badan 100 ° C, ama isticmaalka xeryahooda dagaal kiimiko sida shaybaarka. Protein-enzyme xidhana in substrate ah. In gobolka ku xidhan tahay waxaa dib u habaynta, soo raacay by sii daayo dambaysta ah. Tani waa sababta oo dhan Xoojiya ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ereygu kiimikada.

Waa maxay heerka abaabulka ee protein Britain-eulayska?

Sida caadiga ah, taagoo waxay leeyihiin jaamacadda ah (globule) ama quaternary (dhowr globules xiran) Qaab-dhismeedka protein. First, ay ku dhexsameeysmo fashion toosan. Ka dibna isku laab dhismaha la doonayo. Si loo xaqiijiyo in hawlaha ee biocatalyst ay u baahan tahay qaab gaar ah.

Falgalka iyo sidoo kale borotiinada kale waa la wada baabbi'iyey by kulaylinta, qiimaha xad dhaaf ah pH, kiimiko ah dagaal.

guryaha oo dheeraad ah oo ensaymes

Waxaa ka mid ah qaababka kuwanu waa qaybaha soo socda:

1. Stereospecificity - formation of sheyga kaliya hal.
2. Regioselectivity - jebin bond kiimikada ama wax ka beddelid group ka mid ah meel kaliya.
3. Chemoselectivity - catalysis reaction mid keliya.

shaqeeyaan gaar ahaan

Heerka koobnaanta enzyme kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, enzyme kasta oo had iyo jeer firfircoon on substrate gaar ah ama koox xeryahooda la mid ah qaab-dhismeedka. Xoojiya Non-proteinaceous ma muujiyaan hantida this. Cayimayo joogto qiyaasay qabanaya (mol / l), kaas oo noqon kara ilaa 10 ^-10 mol / l. Shaqo dheereeya enzyme firfircoon. Mid ka mid ah Britain catalyzes kumanyaalka-malaayiin tilmaamaha per labaad. Degree ee xawaaraha of falcelinta lagmamaarmaanna si weyn (1000-100,000 jeer) ka badan yahay Xoojiya caadiga ah.

tallaabada of falgalka lagu dhisay on dhowr farsamooyinka. dhexgalka ugu fudud kaaga yimid mid ka mid ah Britain ee substrate, raaceen by formation of sheyga. falgalka intooda badan u xidhina 2-3 taagoo kala duwan fal. Tusaale ahaan, kala iibsiga la eb ama koox ka mid ah xarunta in kale, ama la bedelay a double on a "ping pong-". In celintan oo sida caadiga ah ku xidhiidhsan mid substrate, iyo kooxda labaad functional xiran by eulayska.

Daraasadda ku saabsan hab enzyme ficilka qaadataa meel hab:

1. Go'aaminta soo saarka dhexe iyo final.
2. Studies of qaabka iyo joomatari oo ka mid ah kooxaha functional xidhana u substrate iyo bixinta sare heerka fal-celin.
3. Isbedelo ee hiddo ah enzyme iyo go'aanka isbedelka ee ay Avv iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa.

Active oo goobta ku qabanaya

Britain substrate uga yar yahay protein waa enzyme ah. Sidaa darteed, waajib ah waxaa sabab u ah tiro yar oo ka mid ah kooxaha functional of biocatalyst ah. Waxay sameeyaan goobta firfircoon, oo ka kooban go'an gaarka ah ee acids amino. In borotiinada adag in qaab-dhismeedka dabiiciga ah nonprotein joogo kooxda bedalay, kaas oo sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah xarunta firfircoon waxaa laga yaabaa.

Waa in loo qoondeeyo koox gaar ah ensaymes. Waxay leeyihiin in Britain ay ka mid coenzymes si joogta qabanaya Britain oo way ka reeban yihiin ka. Si buuxda u sameeyay enzyme protein yeedhay holoenzyme, iyo marka ay ka saareen cofactor ah - apoenzyme. Sida coenzymes inta badan u dhaqmaan vitamins, macdanaha, taagayo saldhigyadii nitrogenous (nad - dinucleotide adenayn nicotinamide, qaab - flavin dinucleotide adenayn, FMN - flavin mononucleotide).

site qabanaya bixisaa buuna gaar ah in substrate ah. Maaddaama ay u qabanqaabiyey adag a substrate-enzyme deggan. Qaab dhismeedka Globule dhisey si ay u noqon on dusha sare ee Misbaax ku ah (Saa'ibo ama fasax) ee size gaar ah kaas oo bixiya ka qabanaya of substrate ah. zone waxaa inta badan ku yaalaan meel u dhow goobta firfircoon. Waayo, falgalka qaar ka mid ah, waxaa jira meelo si ay ula xiriiraan cofactors ama udhigo biraha.

gunaanad

Protein-enzyme kaalin muhiim ah ee jirka ku jira. walxaha noocan oo kale ah weyni tahay falgalka kiimikada ayaa ka mas'uul ah shiid - shiid. In kasta oo gacanta ku nool si joogto ah waxay dhacdaa boqolaal geedi socodka lagmamaarmaanna ku lug leh dareen diidmo oo hoos, cholesterol iyo ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee xeryahooda ah. Sii qayilo ee walxaha la sii daayo badan oo ah tamar. Waxay, ee jeedo, waa qaatay on formation of carbohydrates, borotiin, dufanka, iyo kaxeynayo ay. waxyaabaha cholesterol waa xubno ka dhismaha looga baahan yahay ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee xeryahooda organic.