Macbudka meydka Fircoon Mentuhotep II: sannadda aasaaska, photos, description

Adkaynta Fircoon Mentuhotep II taliye macbudka ka XI qoyskii reer Masar midoobeen dhamaadka waxaan kala guurka, oo ku yaalla xeebta West ee Luxor (qadiimiga Thebes). Waxaa la dhisay xilligii ee Ahraamyada dalka Masar, oo ka mid ah qaar badan oo xubno ka ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in kaniisadda xataa lahaa superstructure a pyramidal. xabaashii magaca - "Goobaha lagu caabudo blissfully iftiimi Nebhepetra."

History of cilmi

Siyaabo badan, macbudka funerary Fircoon Mentuhotep II (sawirka eeg. In article ah) waxay ahayd il helay taariikhi ah, ma aha la yaab leh in uu cilmi baaris ku lug leh noocyo kala duwan oo amarradiisa. Waxay ahayd macbudka ugu horeysay ee Thebes galbeedka, halkaas oo nidaam ah ee ilaahadda Hathor ah, oo ahaa harbinger ah ee a fikradda cusub fiqi ahaaneed ee "macbudyo malaayiin sano", kaas oo noqon doona caanka ah inta lagu guda jiro Kingdom Cusub.

Temple Fircoon Mentuhotep II, sanadka ah ee aasaaska u ah oo - 2000 BC. e., waxaa la ogaadey in qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 19aad ee Eebahay Dufferin. Eduar Navil iyo Genri Holl ee May noqday saynisyahano ugu horeysay oo casri ah si ay u bartaan in sanadaha 1903-1907 oo taageero ka Foundation Research ee Masar. Laga soo bilaabo 1911 in 1931 uu bartay kooxda adag ee New York ee Metropolitan Museum of Art hoos jihada of Herbert Winlock. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma complete kabxidda guuldareystay, si kaniisadda waxaa si buuxda ma baaro ka hor Machadka Jarmal Ciidanka Booliisku ee Qaahira, hoos jihada of Dieter Arnold ma samayn excavations ee 1968-1971, siday u kala horreeyaan.

Meeh gurigii Fircoon Mentuhotep II?

Fircoon doortay goobta taal meelsare oo dhagax ah in casri ah Deir el-Bahri, halkaas oo qaar ka mid ah ka horreeyay uu First taagay xabaashii kala guurka-Saff. Saff in Carabi waxay ka dhigan tahay "tiro" iyo waxa lagu magacaabo xabaashii of saf oo tiirar agagaarka guriyo ay. Egyptologists intooda badan isku raaceen in macbudka meydka Fircoon Mentuhotep II isku daro xubno ka naqshadda qabuurihii iyo kaxeynayo Ahraamta, inkasta oo wax yar uun u timaadeen inaad oggolaansho ah oo ku saabsan cudurka muuqashadiisu ay asalka ah.

adag oo ka kooban oo ka mid ah Dooxada macbudyo ka, burburkiisii hore kuwaas oo been ka hoos beeraha qarkii dooxada Niil, oo, malaha, sidoo kale hoos arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee macbudka Ramses IV. Carraale, casilay, iyadoo macbudka terraces Fircoon Mentuhotep II (photo arki Qodobka.) Qayb ahaan gundhig ee dhagaxa, iyadoo qolkii aaso dhulka hoostiisa. Winlock rumeysan yahay in ay dhismaha ka dhacay 3-da heer, halka Arnold ka hadlay afar marxaladood. adag waxaa u janjeedha xagga bari-galbeed, laakiin wax yar ka duwan yahay xagga woqooyi.

Qorshaha macbudka

In kasta oo aan wax badan la og yahay oo ku saabsan Valley macbudyo ka, ay jidka u bannaysay for isaga, ka duwan ugu dhismayaasha la mid ahaayeen furan, la Sidaana of Osiris weheliyaan kooxood xilliyo aan joogto ahayn. Waxaa dhamaaday macbudka barxadda weyn ee ballaadhan oo colal ku derbiga nuuradda ah.

In dayrka dib dhinaca galbeed istaagay weyn, macbud funerary saf of Fircoon Mentuhotep ii. Aamino column hoose ka koobnaa hall Balbaladii dhisay ee blocks nuuradda ah. Tani balbaladii la isku xiga double of columns, waxaa loo kala qaybiyey laba sagxada taasoo keentay in Terrace labaad. Markii hore, derbiyada balbaladii lagu qurxiyey goobaha dagaalka.

Temple Fircoon Mentuhotep II ee Deir el Bahri sida dambe macbudyo halkan ku yaalaan lahaa sagxada ah blocks nuuradda ah oo lagu beeray saf isku midka ah qoryo Platanus iyo siisaa inay helaan heerka ugu weyn ee labaad. Terrace waxa loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood - hall dibadda la balbalada iyo giraarka wareegsan oonay ah xagga woqooyi, koonfur iyo bari, xuddun dhexe ee gallery ah.

qaybta sare ee balbalada ee heerka this sida hoose, oo ka kooban laba saf oo tiirar shamiindo. Waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan "ku hall pillared sare." qaybta hore ee khaanadda lagu ladhay Muuqaallo muujinayay Mentuhotep II iyo ilaahyadii kala duwan, iyadoo fariimihii on gargaarka hoose hooseeyo. derbiga gadaal ka mid ah Hall of Xidhmooyinka qoton ee ku wareegsan balbalooyinkii barxadda hoose ayaa wax yar ka xagalka iyo qurxiyey gudaha iyo dibaddaba. Waxaan u qaadan karnaa in mar waxay sameeyeen tolnimo dibadda ee gallery ah. Tani iyo caddaymo kale oo uu hogaaminayo Egyptologists in ay ku tirinnaa in hall columned waxaa la dhisay ka dib.

Entrance baalka bari ee Hall of tiirar balbaladii ku yaalaa on dhidibka ugu weyn ee dhismaha iyo keenaysaa in gallery ugu hooseeyey. Arintaan, ka barta of view of naqshadaha qadiimiga ah dalka Masar, oo la odhan karaa qayb ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka saqafka ee cidhifka baqshadda iyo ay taageerayaan tiir. Inta badan, galleries hareerayn deyrka dibadeed, laakiin ay dhacdo in this ku daboola core gudaha dhismaha. In gallery this laba saf on galbeed iyo saddex saf ka dhanka kale istaagay 140 columns octagonal. Gallery halkoodii ka iftiimay dhex godadkii in derbigii dibadda oo u dhow balbalada dibadda.

Temple Fircoon Mentuhotep II: taariikhda abuurka

Inside gallery la ku yaal, sida ay Egyptologists, version calaamad ka mid ah tuulo aaska asalka ah. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in la dhigay dhoobo adag qallafsan qeyb guntooda nuuradda malaha hareereeyeen. Waxay matali karo on Terrace sare iyada oo gallery ah. Weli waa arrin dood.

Naville, kuwa marka hore baaritaan macbudka Fircoon Mentuhotep II ee Deir el-Bahri, aaminsan yahay in ay tahay muhimka ah ee Ahraamta dhisay on hoose ee dhagax ah. Tiro ka mid ah cilmibaadhe oo ku gacansaydhay inuu fikrad. Tusaale ahaan, Arnold Naville diiday doodda, inta badan, sababtoo ah waxaa ka maqan caddayn kasta oo awood laga yaabaa in si loo xaqiijiyo. No halaagnay dhiiran derbiyada ku Ahraamta iyo top, si ay u dhaqmo sida a badan ama ka yar qaab guri Terrace iyo saqafka leh stylized matalaadda asalka ag tuuli maayo. Shtadelmann Arnold waxay bixisaa fursad u ahaa ee buurta lahaa a bacaadka ah, dhex beeray geedo. Waxaa svyazyvet ag tuuli maayo qadiimiga rumaysad Osiris.

Ahraamta ama inaan la siin?

Debate on arimahan waajibo ma aha oo kaliya saamayn ku maqan yahay wax kasta oo burbur ah qaab-dhismeedka of Terrace sare, laakiin sidoo kale oo xidhiidh la leh ilaha documentary muranka. Tusaale ahaan, Abbott Papyrus xaqiiqo ah oo ku baaqay in dhismaha Ahraamta. Arnold keenaysaa 2 jab c magacyada dhismeedka daabacaadda iyo ma aha Ahraamta ah. American Egyptologist L. Bull fahamsan magaca sida "Ahraamta la keenin wax ama obelisk, anigoo ku xusan dhismayaasha kale." The obelisk muuqataa in ay qoraxda disk, oo Bull wuxuu leeyahay isaga "sida a xukunka, waxay ku saleysan yihiin laba iyo tobanba saf ka kasta oo ka mid ah dhinacyada." Looxii on stele XII qoyskii Tutu waa weyn Fircoon macbudka Mentuhotep II ee Deir el Bahri calaamad hieroglyphic Ahraamta. Near macbudka darbiga bixiyay New Kingdom laga helay, oo daawaynaya xabaashii sida Terrace la obelisk ah, ayaa dhameystiraya Cardiff Ahraamta.

Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, inta badan ee Egyptologists waa dhiiran tahay in lagu fekero in sare ee Ahraamta foomamka superstructure ku lahaa. Tusaale ahaan, in Abbott Papyrus xabaalaha kale, taas oo iska cad ma aha Silanyo, sidoo kale loo yaqaan Silanyo. Sidaa darteed, Egyptologists rumaysan in macbudka meydka Fircoon Mentuhotep II lahaa Silanyo nooca aaska. Inta badan, xeerkii xabaalaha taariikhi ahaa si dhow ula xidhiidha Ahraamta waqtigan in iyada qof ayaa la isticmaalaa si loo gudbiyo dhammaan dhismayaasha sida. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dood this weli fari ka qodneyn. Waxaa laga yaabaa cusub daahfurtay qaddiimiga awoodaan si ay u caddeeyaan su'aashan noqon doonaa.

Consort aaska

Oo dhanka galbeedna of Terrace heerka labaad waxaa la ogaadey tiro ka mid ah lix xabaalaha qodaa jarjar dhagaxa. Waxay si cad ayaa dhafan macbudka, marka la ballaariyo goobaha ee galbeedka galay. Ay saldhigyada dhulka hoostiisa ah ayaa la dhisay ee blocks nuuradda, iyadoo albaabada been ah iyo Sidaana cibaadada. Sida muuqata, xabaalaha ay ku aaseen xubnood oo haween ah qoyska reer boqor ee. Waxa xiiso leh, kulligood way wada dhallinyaro ah ayaa ku dhintay, ugu da'da weyn oo iyaga ka mid ahaa 22 sano jir iyo wixii ka yar - sano oo kaliya 5 jir. Egyptologists soo jeedinaynaa in ay u dhintaan karo oo ku saabsan waqti isku mid ah ay sabab u tahay shil ama faafa. Keliya afar ka mid ah lagu qabtay horyaalka ee Haweenay boqornimada. Arnold ayaa aaminsan in dadka kale uu noqon karo priestesses ilaahadda Hathor ah, inkastoo Callender ayaa sheegay in ay ahaayeen "diblomaasiyadeed" Mentuhotep II ee isqaba, lagama maarmaanka u ah xasilinta iyo mideynta dalka sano qasan muddada ugu horeysay KMG ah ka dib.

Ka mid ah Consort waxaa jira laba dumar ah, gaar ahaan gartaa. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah, nubiyka, kuwaas oo muhimadda waxaa xaqiijiyay sanduuq alwaax lagu qurxiyey, ayaa loo magacaabay Ashayet. Kale, Cavite, wuxuu ahaa sarcophagus ah nuuradda sameeyey reliefs ganaax, kaas oo haatan ku sugan dalka Masar Museum of Antiquities ee Qaahira.

hypostylus

macbudka meydka Fircoon Mentuhotep II kordhiyay galbeed wax yar ka dib markii la dhisay. kordhin waxaa ka mid ah barxadda furan tiirar, ugu horeeyay ee Masar hypostylus waaweyn, Chapel for ilaahyo kala duwan, oo la qoray macbudka dhagaxa, loo yaqaan Speos. Sandstone waxaa loo isticmaalay in dayrka dhismaha. Oo xagga koonfureed xiga, yard bari iyo woqooyi hareereeyeen column octagonal. Intaa waxaa dheer, hypostyle ahaa 82 columns. Hall dabaqa waxaa loo sameeyey shamiindo, oo derbiyadeeda la - dhigay of sandstone.

Speos

In Speose dhamaadka fog galbeed ee adag waa qolka dheer vaulted la Daaqad Misbaax ku for taallo dhamaadka aad. Halkan dhulka dhigay oo derbiyadaada sandstone iyo nuuradda. Waxaa jiray sagxada hoose taas oo horseeday meesha allabariga ee nuuradda ka dambeeya (qaybta galbeed), dhigay hore ee Misbaax iyo kor u taallo Fircoon si. Tani waxay meesha allabariga, sida laga soo xigtay Mark Lehner ahaa xarunta dhismaha macbudka. Qolka asal ahaan ahaa ayaa albaabka been ah. Waxaa ka mid ah waxyaabaha kale ee diinta laga helay Speose - fadhiya taalada Aamoon oo ah ilaahii. cibaadaysiga Small, ku yaal geeska bari ee dheeraad galbeed ee dayrka noqday meel lagu cibaadaysto, waayo, tiro ka mid ah ilaahyada maamulaha, oo ay ku jiraan Amun, Monta, Osiris iyo Hathor, kuwaas oo Sidaana la helay iyo cid diray rahmaad ah in Museum Masriga ahaa ee Antiquities.

qolladdii aaska

On giraarka yard dhidibka in annexe this galbeedka waa marinka, midhona kor cusubi markii hore lagu qurxiyey nuuradda, kaas oo si lama filaan ah ka gooyay, oo intii hadhayna waxaa ka kooban dhagaxa aan dhab ahayn. Waxa ay keenaysaa hoos galay qolka, loo yaqaan qolkii aaska Fircoon ka. Naville baaro waddada iyo qolladdii aaska ee 1906, IA Arnold - in 1971. In niches ku teedsan derbiyada waddada, waxaa jiray in ku dhow lix tirooyinka alwaax, kuwaas oo ka mid ahaayeen daydo workshop, dubayaasha iyo doonyo. qolkii aaska wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 12 mitir hoos tan iyo gacanka. Waxaa la sameeyey oo ah dhagax adag leh saqaf qaab koore ah. qolkii wuxuu u qaybsan yahay laba qaybood, mid ka mid ah oo - cibaadaysiga alabastar kaalinta hal bulukeeti dhagax adag Rafaa, iridda kaas oo loogu talagalay sidii albaab double alwaax, degan aag aad u ballaaran. Naville soo gabagabeeyey in qolka waxa uu u ahaa aaska calaamad "ka" boqorka, ama nafta, maxaa yeelay, meeshaasu sarcophagus ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan ee Egyptologists hadda aadan kula raacsaneyn gunaanad uu. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in sarcophagus ahaa qolka alabastar.

daahfurka shil

Mid ka mid ah sababta waayo, kanu waa in 1899, discoverer caanka ah ee xabaashii Tutankhamen ee, Howard Carter, ama halkii, faraskiisa, macno ahaan ku turunturoodeen dul xujo cusub ee adag ee Mentuhotep II. Marka wadidda on dayrka hore ee dhismaha faraskiisa turunturootay. Wuxuu dageen, si ay u arkaan haddii ay wax yeelo, oo wuxuu helay galo si qayb ka mid ah dhulka hoostiisa ah oo adag macbudka. Sababta oo ah jidka dhammaystirka daahfurka this, sida qaar badan oo kale, koox ka mid ah dhismaha Carter loo yaqaan Bab al-Hassan, taas oo macnaheedu yahay "iridda faraska."

Login bilaabay sidii xabaal furan, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan dhex maray waddada vaulted. At qoto dheer ah oo ku saabsan 17 m, Carter helay albaabka afar-deyran ku shaabadeeyey adobe. Tani waxa ay ahayd waddada ooday oo kaliya sii galbeed, iyo ugu dambeyntii u leexatay xagga woqooyi ka. Tani goobta ayaa la helay ee dabaqa ah ee anigaa iska leh. Inkasta oo iyadu mitir laba kaliya qoto dheer ahaa, waxa hadhay oo sanduuq alwaax laga helay dahaarka la magaca taliyaha. usheeda dhexe labaadna wuxuu ahaa qolladdiisii aaska dhabta ah.

Kenofant

Halkan kooxda Carter helay hadhaagii ah nenadpisannogo sanduuq alwaax madhan, dhoobada iyo lafaha xoolaha qurbaanka. Laakiin daahfurka ugu muhiimsan ahaa taalada hadda caanka ah ee Mentuhotep II rinji sandstone, oo kafantii ku duudduubay cad, iyadoo qabta taajkii ka mid ah Masar Hoose oo madaxiisay saareen. item Tani waxay sidoo kale waa hadda ee Museum of Antiquities. Waxaa laga yaabaa sababta oo ah taallo this Arnold ayaa aaminsan in saldhigga dhulka hoostiisa waa calaamad, t. E. Ma Jaba a, iyo waxa uu la xidhiidhaa ciidaha SEDA Mentuhotep II. Sida muuqata, kale hadda aaminsan yihiin in qolkii aaska in qaybta sare ee macbudka ku tiil xabaal dhab ah Fircoon ka.