Lacagta Shiinaha. lacag Chinese: horyaal. lacag Chinese: photo

Yuan ka dib markii dhaqaalaha Chinese koraya si weyn u kordhiyaa ay muhiim dunida. Aan aragno waxa arrimo ogaado aragtida caalamka ee lacagta PRC.

Magaca saxda ah ee lacagta

Yuan - lacag loogu yeero Shiinaha ee dunida. Magaca Tani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha arrin u dhigma sanqadha lacagta qaranka ee Shiinaha laftiisa. In hooyo ee raso Chinese waxaa loo yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya sida "RMB" (turjumaad - "lacagta dadka"). Laakiin yuan - waa magac ah, taasoo la micno ah mabda 'lacag caddaan ah. Laakiin jaho oo euphony erayga Chinese ahayd ay u dhadhamiyaan inteeda kale, dunida ugu horrayn Western.

heerka ISO ayaa, ee calaamad lacagta rasmiga ah - CNY. Mid ka mid ah Yuan ( "RMB") waa loo siman yahay si boqol fenyam (magacooda gudahood Shiinaha iyo meelo kale oo dunida waa isku mid). Taa baddalkeeda, "ayuu dinaar" la isku dari karaa jiao - toban jeer ka badan oo u dhiganta (sida dalka Maraykanka "daimyo"). Sidaas daraaddeed, lacagta Shiinaha ayaa waxaa lagu tilmaamay sida soo socota: 1 Yuan = 10 jiao, oo waa isku mid ilaa 10 fenyam. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku dhaqanka, "dinaar" dukaamada Chinese adag tahay inay helaan, tan iyo markii ay la saaraa ka wareegga. The lacagta birta ah lacagta caddaanka ah ugu badan ee hal ama shan jiao. Sidoo kale ee "biraha" waa hal yuan ah.

yuan taariikhda

taariikhda IMF ee Shiinaha taariikhda dib dhowr kun oo sano. Characters erayga "alaab", "iibso", sale "," exchange "oo la xidhiidha iyaga la macnaha ah, waa ilo, oo muujineysa wakhtiga Qarniyadii hore. Lacagta ugu horeysay ee dareenka caadiga ah soo baxay dalka ee BC qarnigii 5aad. e. First, qaab goosimo naxaas ah (ama qaab waxyaabaha fudud qoyska - majarafad ah, mindi), ka dibna waxaa jiray lacagta birta ah Chinese.

Money muddo u dhiganta Dr Makumbe Europe, oo ay la socdaan baarka copper ah ayaa la dhamaystirayaa hogaanka biraha iyo format, iyo sidoo kale ka mid ah lacagta waraaqaha ee wareegga. Waqti ka, lacag Shiinaha ayaa sameeyay "lacag" simayo, iyo bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad -. "Gold" Marka communists in ay awood u yimid, Dadka Bank of China waxaa la aasaasay. All lacag ku yiil wareegga dadka, ku xiran bixitaanka iyo is-dhaafsiga ee renminbi ah - lacagta cusub ee Chinese, kuwa la mid ah "biilasha dadka." Issue of lacagta cusub ayaa si adag gacanta dawladda.

siyaasadda sarrifka

Ilaa 1974, heerka sarrifka ah yuan Chinese baayacmushtari jireen, sida caadiga ah la marjic u pound ah, laakiin markaas xigasho loo isticmaalay marka la eego Doolarka Maraykanka. In 1994, dawladda bilaabay baraf ah renminbi u qoraalada bangiga Mareykanka ee cabirku yahay 8.27 ilaa 1 renminbi "muddaba", kaas oo socday muddo 11 sano ah. Tani waxay sababtay carada ka mid ah wada-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga qaar ka mid ah China, oo ay ku jiraan Mareykanka. Mas'uuliyiinta Chinese imid cadaadis for libaraaliyadda ee siyaasadda lacagta, tan iyo markii, sida uu sheegay wakiilkiisa dalalka kale, ay sabab u tahay qiimaha sarifka uu hooseeyo ee yuan ee, Shiinaha noqon doontaa faa'ido badan kharash ku awoodda wax iibsiga. Tani state of arrimaha waxaa qayb ahaan xaqiijiyay tirooyinka: xun dheelitirka ganacsiga ee Maraykanka la Shiinaha dhaafto $ 160 billion ee 2004, iyo 2005, waxa ay sii waday in la kordhiyo. Laakiinse sannadda isla, dowladda Shiinaha baabiiyo ah "keydsho" koorsada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida uu u sheegay khubarada qaar ka mid ah, tan iyo markii yuan ee weli ma sii daayay si xor ah sabeyn, iyo dabcan kiimikaysan hoose waayeen.

Yuan oo Ruble

iskaashiga dhaqaale ee u dhaw ee u dhexeeya Russia iyo Shiinaha sanad walba soo bandhigay iyo aad u badan. lacag Chinese, magacooda iyo muuqaalada ku dhawaaqida - ma cibaaro ah Ruushka. Moscow iyo Beijing ayaa la socodsiinayo hawlaha wadajirka on noocyo kala duwan oo dalal caalamka, si dhexgalka ee ka howgala of regulation lacagta kaalin muhiim ah in wada shaqeyn ganacsiga ee ka dhexeeya labada dal ee. Haddaba Ruble iyo Chinese lacag sheegashada in mid noqoshada khiyaali ah in liiska lacagaha reserve, laakiin ilaa iyo inta aysan taasi dhicin ku dhaqanka.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaa ay jireen isbedel ah - dejinta labada dhinac ma in dollars ama pounds, iyo qoraalada bangiga qaran. In 2010, Ruble waxay bilaabeen inay la baayacmushtaray on the Stock Exchange Shanghai, iyo yuan ah, oo iyana - on MICEX iyo RTS ee is dhaafsi. nidaamiyo National leeyihiin saamaynta kala duwan oo ku saabsan mabaadi'da ganacsiga. Bankiga Dhexe ee Shiinaha ayaa xadka adag on is beddel ah ee yuan ku kala gato saamiyada gudahood 0.5% ah. Bank of Russia, sida caadiga ah, waxay saamaysaa ganacsi oo isticmaalaya waxqabadyada lacagta. Yuan ka mid ah ganacsatada waa oo xiiso sii kordhaya, waxaa jira portals mowduuc halkaas oo aad si dhakhso ah u turjumaan lacag Ruush Chinese on heerka sarrifka hadda.

rajada ee maalgashiga yuan

Aqoonyahano badan ayaa waxay aaminsan yihiin in qiimaha sarifka lacagaha qalaad RMB qiimo tiro, sidaa daraadeed waxa macno in ay maal-note ah bangiga Chinese ee rajaynaya inuu kici doono mustaqbalka dhow. Sida dhaqanka muujinaysaa ganacsiga lacagta, yuan haddii uu korayo, ma aha sida ugu dhakhsaha badan waxaan jeclaan lahaa maal. Tusaale ahaan, marka la eego Ruble ah, khubaro ku yidhi, mahadnaq RMB sannadihii la soo dhaafay ayaa muujisay koboc ah celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ku saabsan 8%.

About faa'iido isku keeni karaa deebaaji bangiga caadiga ah. Maal-in ay maal-yuan ah waxaa lagula talinayaa oo keliya xaaladaha qaarkood. Marka hore, waxaa lagu talinayaa at safar joogto ah si Shiinaha. Marka labaad, yuan ee la oran karo waa sida a "reserve" lacagta in ay ballaadhiyaan faylalka maalgelinta. Saddexaad, kayd RMB in shuruudaha baananka Ruush laga yaabaa in sidoo kale xiiso iyo Shiinaha naftooda, kuwaas oo iman dalxiiska ama ganacsi ee Russia ka.

Yuan oo dollar ah

Xiriirka ka mid ah yuan oo lacagta ugu weyn dunida cad ku xiran tahay sida wax loo horumariyo doonaa saaxiibtinimo ee u dhexeeya wadamada ka soo saaray lacagta. Mid ka mid ah sababaha - bulk of kaydka lacageed Shiinaha ayaa waxaa lagu qabtaa dollars. Inta badan waxay ku xidhan tahay in dalka Shiinaha ay sii wadi doonto in ay qabtaan kaydka lacagaha qalaad gudahood qaab dhismeedka hadda jira, ama uu jeclaan lahaa in ay ballaadhiyaan faylalka tacliimeed. Head of Bangiga Dhexe ee Shiinaha ka hadlay fikrad this on heerka rasmiga ah - in kaydka ah ee dalka oo aan ka koobnaan kartaa kaliya ee doolarka Maraykanka. macluumaad jaraa'id ayaa u muuqday in Shiinaha waxaa laga sugayaa inay iska iibiso oo ku saabsan $ 2 trillion "dollars" ka 3,04 jira trillion ay guushu ku wareejiyo hantida kale ee aan la xiriirin Mareykanka "cagaaran." khubarada qaar ayaa rumaysan in dawladda Shiinaha waxaa kaliya isku dayaya in ay ka doodaan xaaladda ahaaneed for yuan Shiinaha oo u soo jeesan lacag galay lacag kayd ah oo ku saabsan par leh dollar ah.

yuan sida lacagta caalami ah

Ujeedooyinka dowladda Shiinaha si ay u sameeyaan yuan ah lacagaha ugu waaweyn dunida, aqoonyahanada waxeey aaminsan, waxaa loo adeegsan karaa si ku asaasiga ah. Qaar ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha ayaa dhaqaale ka filan in sanadaha soo socda, saamiga macaamil ganacsi shisheeye dalalka kale, Shiinaha ee RMB ka badan waxaa laga yaabaa in 30%. horumar ah ee tiradaasi waa mid cajiib ah, waayo, kaasu waa hadda ku dhow inay 20%, halka afar sano ka hor ay ahayd 3%.

In bilood ee hore ee 2014, mahadnaq RMB waxaa lagu qiyaasay maal-qaaday 7 th ee liiska ka mid ah lacagaha ugu caansan dunida oo dhan, ka hor, gaar ahaan faran Swiss. Waxaa jira muhiimada sii kordhaysa oo maalgashi ee RMB sida Shiinaha ayaa noqonaya mid aad u furan yahay suuqyada dunida. Recently ee London waxaa uu ahaa mashruuc si wadajir ah u Bank of England iyo China - xarunta dejinta ee ururka ee yuan ah. Khubarada filan in lacag Chinese noqon doonaa lacagta la taaban karo heerka dunida, laakiin ma xaqiiqda ah in ay bedeli doonto lacagta doollarka.

RMB dibadda Shiinaha

lacagta Shiinaha waxay bilowdey in ay noqdaan kuwa ka si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa in ganacsigaagu kaydka, silsilado, iyo sida qalabka dhaqaale kale. Isbeddelkani waxa kori doono awood badan u sii yuan noqon kartaa lacagta a bedeli. mahadnaq RMB la horumariyo dalalka kale, "Shiinaha" Profile: Hong Kong (meesha saamiga kayd gaadhay 12% ee lacagta Shiinaha ee, halka sanadkii 2008 - kaliya 1%), Taiwan, Singapore. In labada dal dambe leeyihiin xarumaha la olloga ah ee ganacsiga ee yuan. Recently, Dadka Bank of China iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Germany u saxiixay heshiis on degsiimooyinka in lacagta Shiinaha.

muhiimadda siyaasadeed ee yuan ah

Shiinaha waxaa loo aqoonsaday by khubaro badan, engine ugu weyn ee dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah. Shiinaha ayaa hadda soo saarta, ku xiran tahay sababo xisaabinta, 10-15% of GDP ee caalamka. Ballaarinta saamaynta dhaqaale ee Shiinaha, iyo sidaas saamaynta on geedi socodka siyaasadeed, si toos ah oo la xidhiidha siyaasadda lacagta ee xukuumadda. Maal-waxay aaminsan yihiin in rajada ah aagga this ku xiran tahay saddex arrimood.

• First, waa caalami ah - isticmaalka lacagta sida qalab ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada iyo qiimaha dejinta ee macaamil maaliyeed oo caalami ah.
• Marka labaad, convertibility this - degree of control of socodka iyo kenta caasimadda.
• Saddexaad, waa isticmaalka bangiyada shisheeye sida lacagta keydka ah.

On sida dawladda Shiinaha ku dari doona mudnaanta ee goobahaasi ku xiran tahay rajada ee yuan sida qalab saamaynta siyaasadeed.