Kristofer Tolkin, wiilkii yaraa oo farta laatiinka ah. Biography

Kristofer Tolkin (hoos ka eeg sawirka.) - wiilkii yaraa oo farta laatiinka ah, qoraaga shuqullada mid taariikhi ah sida "The Eebaha siddooyinkii", "Hobbit The, ama jira iyo Back Mar kale" iyo "Silmarillion The". Christopher qaatay shaqada tifaftirka taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan mashaariicda diiqid aabbihiis. Iyada oo print this out "Silmarillion The", "History of Middle-dhulka", ayaa warqado iyo maqaalo, farta laatiinka ah Sr. iyo qaar ka mid ah shaqooyin kale oo suugaanta uu.

Biography

Kristofer Ruel farta laatiinka ah waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Ingiriisi ah ee Leeds ee 1924. At da'da 19, inta lagu guda jiro dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, ayuu iska diiwaangeliso madaxda sare ee duulista reer boqor, iyo in muddo ah ku qaatay in adeegga firfircoon. Ka dib guushii oo ka mid ah ciidamada huwanta ah ayaa lagu wareejiyay juunyeerka.

Dhameyso xirfado sida tijaabo ah oo military, Kristofer Tolkin u tageen inay raadkoodii aabbihiis. In 1949 wuxuu ka qaatay Jaamacadda Oxford ka qalin la heerka ah ee "English". A dhowr sano ka dib uu ka helay shahaadada labaad ee suugaanta. In 60 - 70s, wuxuu qabtay post isla sidii aabbihiis - wuxuu ahaa professor ah Ingiriisi at the University of Oxford.

shaqada Editorial on shuqullada aabbihiis

Dhab ahaantii, shaqada on shuqullada ina farta laatiinka ah ee Christopher bilaabay inuu tan iyo carruurnimada, markii uu ahaa dhegeyste hore iyo akhristaha of warkii Bilbo Baggins, ka dib noqday novel ah "Hobbit The, ama jira iyo Back Mar kale." Inta lagu jiro shan iyo toban sano oo shaqo ah oo ku saabsan "Eebaha siddooyinka," wiilkii yaraa aabbihiis ayaa ka badan ayaa wax dhisid ah dhaleeceyn iyo caawiyey si ay u abuuraan map a complete of Middle-dhulka, taas oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Marka Christopher yimid da'da - in waxa ay England ee '21 - aabbahay isaga lagu casuumay inuu ka qeyb qaataan shirarka ee "Inklings" Kooxda at Oxford. Young Christopher ka qaybgalay wadahadalada suugaanta ku saabsan mawduucyo kala duwan oo kooxda ka mid ah nooca ah "khiyaali sare" sida Klayv Lyuis, Charlz Uilyams iyo Rodzher ilko caddayn ballaaran. hadafyada High suugaanta aabbihiis iyo asxaabtiisa kooxda ka dhigay aragti qoto dheer on Christopher iyo caawisay inuu si fiican u fahmo shaqo aabbihiis, taas oo iyana isaga sahlay in ay soo ururiyo, edit (oo mararka qaarkood in aad ku darto) iyo sii daayo print mashaariicda diiqid farta laatiinka ah.

Taageerayaasha shaqo adag Christopher farta laatiinka ah ee "Eebaha siddooyinkii" waxaa waajib ku ah inay shuqullo mid taariikhi ah sida "Silmarillion The", "Banii Hurin" iyo ururinta qani ku ah sheekooyin Muujinaysaan taariikhda Dhexe-dhulka. Intaa waxaa dheer in shaqo adag oo ku saabsan abuurista maps, Christopher, ku salaysan qoraal gacmeedyada aabbihiis, ururiyey erayo aad u qani ah oo luqado by deggan this qaaradda sixir hadlay.

"Silmarillion The"

dhimashada garbaha J. R. R. farta laatiinka ah ee uu ina ka dib markii Christopher u tageen inay shaqo adag - in ay sii daayaan buugga diiqid print in publisher ee "Hobbit The" iyo "Rabbi" markii hore diiday. Christopher isticmaalay shaqada aroor hore aabbihiis loo yaqaan "Book of Warkii lumay," Istimaalka "Silmarillion The" waxayna muujiyeen rabitaanka aabbihiis ku saabsan uu la daabaco.

"Silmarillion The" waa sheeko ee Arda - dunida, qayb ka mid ah taas oo ah Dhexe-dhulka. Buuggu wuxuu ka kooban yahay shan qaybood:

• "Song of Ainur ah, ama Ainulindale" - sheegayaa abuurniinta dunida iyadoo la kaashanayo of songs Ilúvatar iyo Ainur ah. Waxay sheegaysaa abuurka EA - koonkan ah oo theme ugu horeysay muusikada jeediyay Iluvatar (abuure), oo soo gaaray Ainur (Ciidamada) abuuray Arda - la arki karo iyo dunida ay arkeen. The theme music labaad siiyey dulmari adduunyo, iyo nuugo ciidan ee mid kasta oo Ainur ah. theme saddexaad waxaa lagaga gabyi by Iluvatar oo keliya oo dhashay reer Ilúvatar, laatiinta (oo ahaa curadkii) iyo aadanaha (ruux).
• "Valakventa, ama taariikhda Valar ah" - a collection of caddaymaha iyo sharaxaada oo ka mid ah Valar, Maiar ah, iyo Melkor. Sida laga soo xigtay qaybta labaad ee "Silmarillion The", kuwa Ainur kuwaas oo u rajeeyay in ay ka hor tag curadkii Arda, ay la sii daayay ka Iluvatar EA oo helay sifooyinka kala duwan. Laatiinta la odhan jiray ay element, ama ELVEN sare - Valar. Waxay leeyihiin caawiyeyaasha, liita ee awood iyo xoog - Maillard. Morgoth - mid ka mid ah Caasiya Ainur, Ilúvatar ugu awooda badan, kuwaas oo dhigay dissonance ah in uu music iyo bidix EA ah. noocooda ah ee arooryadow kitaabiga ah, oo wuxuu noqday progenitor ee shar ku Arda iyo cadowga ugu weyn ee Valar ah.
• "Quenta Silmarillion, ama taariikhda Silmarils ah" - Qisada alaab abuuray by saanac ahu Feanor ELVEN, kaas oo la la hadhay by iftiinka Arda. Tani waa qaybta ugu badan oo ka mid ah "Silmarillion", kaas oo kuu sharaxaya dhan Age koowaad.
• "Akallabêth ama dayrta ee Númenor" - Qisada, diiradda taas oo ah ilmaha labaad ee Iluvatar - dadka. Qaybta afaraad ku saabsan tahay abuurista ugu weyn ee ay boqortooyadooda, ee ay ka talinaysay, hoos u dhac iyo burbur, taas oo keentay in qarsoonaa Valinor - dalkii reer Valar ah - oo ka baxsan Arda.
• "On the Ring of Power" - qaybtii ugu danbaysay ee buugga sheegayaa saabsan dhacdooyinkii Da'da Saddexaad, qayb ahaan shaacin in "Hobbit The" iyo "Eebaha siddooyinkii."

"The History of Middle-dhulka"

The shaqada ugu weyn ee tifaftirka mashruuca Christopher farta laatiinka ah hoos horyaalka "History of Middle-dhulka" waxaa ka mid ah 12 Muga. In ururinta, darjada daabacay ka mid ah kulli shuqulkii hore Dzhona Tolkina, iyo sidoo kale in uu u Istimaalka, qoraalada, curisyada iyo waraaqaha edited by Kristofer Tolkin. Christopher naagtiisii ahayd tii u doonanayd in warqado uu u tafatirayaasha-in-sharciga.

taxane aan la taageeray by storyline gaar ah iyo niyo ah oo ku sifayn, oo ay ku jiraan gabay, song, gabayada iyo saxaafadda. Labada Muga ugu horeysay ee "History" dhigi shuqullada hore iyo kan dambe ee farta laatiinka ah Sr., uu soo ururiyay in "The Book of Warkii lumay."

"Warkii lumay"

Ka dib markii daabacaadda "Silmarillion The" in gacmaha Christopher helay Istimaalka ka badan dhowr iyo qoraallada waqtiga qalliinka la sheekooyinka, hore u sii daayay kitaabkii. Sida laga soo xigtay farta laatiinka ah, Jr., in kuwan gacmeedyada uu haatan heysto, halka ka shaqeeya "Silmarillion The", buugga ay noqon lahaayeen kuwa gabi ahaanba ka duwan.

At ay asaasiga ah, labada Muga ugu horeysay ee "History of-dhulka Dhexe" waa ah oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka la mid ah sida "Silmarillion", laakiin daro weyn iyo meelo qaar ka mid ah xitaa la kala duwanaanshaha. Dzhon Tolkin inta badan ka bedelay magacyada meelaha iyo dadyowga of-dhulka Dhexe iyo Arda, sidaas daraaddeed, oo lagu daabacay "Book of Warkii lumay" Istimaalka iskaga qasnee, silsilad ah taariikh iyo caalamka khayaalka. Taasi waa sababta Christopher lahaa shaqo ballaaran oo siinaya curiyay hore sharaxaad aabbahood iyo tixraacyo shuqullada ka dib.

"Banii Hurin"

novel Qiyaasta on taas oo farta laatiinka ah ee aabbahaa u shaqo bilaabay in uu dhalinyarada iyo hadhay diiqid. Sheekada naxdinta lahaa Turin Turambar iyo Nienor ahaa diiqid Christopher farta laatiinka ah in mugga of sheekooyinka iyo sii daayay print sanadkii 2007. Sida laga soo xigtay Christopher, qaybo ka mid ah goob uu lahaa in la dhiso laftiisa korkiisa.

Copyright iyo screen versions of

Sida Christopher waa ilmaha oo keliya Dzhona Tolkina, waxa uu ahaa madaxa maamulka sare ee farta laatiinka ah Fund ee xaafadaha, haysashada xuquuqda daabacaada in shuqullada qoraaga. Marka tan la eego, oo sannado badan waxaa ka jiray dhibaatooyin iyo dhibaatooyin, gaar ahaan la eegin la qabsiga ee "Hobbit The" iyo "Eebaha siddooyinkii", kaas oo si xoog leh ka soo horjeeda Tolkin Kristofer. xuquuqda muuqashadii taariikhda on shaashadaha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, la iibiyey inta lagu guda jiro nolosha aabbihiis.

Wada hadalka ugu horeeya oo ku saabsan la qabsashada film ee "Rabbi" waxay tageen xitaa marka nool yahay qoraaga novel ah, taas oo xusid mudan, ma ahayn in a xamaasad gaar ah oo ku saabsan fikradda ah samaynta filim, si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo waxba ma ay iska caabin ah. Dzhon Tolkin markii qaar ka mid ah xitaa ka qayb shaqada on script ee ku kallifto filimka, laakiin wuu dhintay, iyo waqtiga shaqada dhammeeyo ilaa dhamaadka aan lahayn.

Qoraaga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, u suurtagashay in ay iibiso xuquuqda filimka, oo uu dhintay ka dib markii fund uu ka iibsadeen magacyada iyo jilayaasha, oo xidhiidh la leh oo Kristofer Tolkin uu saamayn lahayn on content ee filimada laba shuqullada la daabacay intii lagu jiray noolaa aabbihiis.

qalabka la cabbo Peter Jackson

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in gebogebada "Eebaha siddo" Peter Jackson waxaa adduunka aqoonsan yahay sida ugu fiican oo ka mid ah qalabka jira, Tolkin Kristofer, kuwaas oo carruurta soo wada shaqeeyay markabka, arrin qallafsan cambaareeyay fasiraadda khaladka ah ee shaqada. Wareysi uu siiyay wargeyska LeMonde uu ka cawday in "Rabbiga" - ma ahan oo kaliya wax soo saarka ee "tallaabo" sifayn, ma baxday si qurux badan ku qoran, laakiin si ka badan oo adag amarkooda a saameyn kara aragtida dunida. Piter Dzhekson Forbrydelsen laga saaro oo dhan ugu qoto dheer oo adag oo waxay u leexatay galay movie fudud ee dadka dhallinyarada ah.

aragti si uu shuqulka oo ka mid ah agaasimaha iyo khilaafaadka si ixtiraam leh u eedeeyay shirkadda filimka noocan oo keentay in muran ah incandescent iyo dhaaranay, taas oo si weyn u dhac "Hobbit The" filim iyo siiyey kor u qaada nooc ka mid ah hor imaad "ka dhanka ah Kristofer Tolkin, Peter Jackson."