Chehova Antona Pavlovicha hal-abuurka. List of shuqullada wanaagsan ee

shaqada Chekhov ee waa mid gaar ah. Sida masaal, wuxuu - mid ka mid ah kooxda suugaanta dahabka ah Ruush ah dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ah, aasaasihii hab hal abuur cusub. Anton Pavlovich sidoo kale rumaysan Abwaan buure. shuqulladiisa ayaa qeyb ka kaca ah ee tiyaatarka qaranka Ruushka. Weli waa heer sare ah suurad wacan oo ku saabsan heerarka kala duwan ee Russia iyo masraxa adduunka ugu fikirka ah.

Classics qiyaasta Classic

Leo Tolstoy waa la shaqo ee Chekhov mahad. Tolstoy ku dooday in Chekhov - qoraa u gaar ah oo adduunka ah. Uu kala soocista ah "shimbir badeed" qoraaga waxaa ka buuxa xamaasad: "Chekhov - waa tiraab Pushkin ee!" Ayaadse Xiis u yeedhay artist ah oo daran, kuwaas oo abuuray noocyada sida qoraallada, taas oo uu marnaba la kulmay.

Habka Creative Chekhov helay jawaab oo ku taal xeebaha Albion. Abwaan Ingiriisi iyo ayaadse Dzhon Golsuorsi xusay in kaliya saamayn faa'iido on English suugaanta Chekhov. Dulucda of abuurka isaga u mahad ayaa dib, gaar ahaan, by Bernard Shaw. Tusaale ahaan, uu "jabka House" loo yaqaan play ee Britain "in style Ruushka"

On habka hal abuur leh qoraaga

Indeed, Chekhov noqday innovator ah, geesiyaal diidnay lug tallaabo dibadda soo rogay by kiimikaysan abuuraya mu'aamaraad, by ula kac ah la siinayo qoraaga shuqulkiisa madadaalo. In celi oo dhan, waayo, Anton Pavlovich ahayd weyn ee ay xoogga shuqulladiisa ayaa badashay in ay arrin ka jilicsan. In sheekada shuqulladiisa ciyaaray isbedelka violin koowaad ee gobolka maskaxda jilayaasha, isbedbeddelka ay mucaaradka in ay xaaladaha, joogtada ah reerka.

Anton saaray fekerka ah in la sameeyo dunida ka fiican, ka nadiifsan, ka badan sare ee uu farshaxanka. abuurka Chekhov ee, raac mabda this, waxaa doonaysa in ay ka "naf nool" toosin ee akhristaha. Classic in shaqada si fudud ayaa muujinaya nin sida uu yahay. author ma rumowday dhagaystayaasha, ayuu aan isku dayaya in ay iyada taabato, ma wax embellishing. characters uu ugu jecel yahay - bartay dadka naftooda downmix in nolosha on been iyo maxalka dhisaa nesytoy futlyarnoy, iyo sidoo kale wakiilo ka socda dadka eedeeyeen saboolnimada iyo xoog-gobol ka mid ah dullness la taag daran.

Waxaa kaloo muhiim ah in ay xoogga saaraan in shaqada of Chekhov socota mabaadi'da, waxaa u furan yahay:

1. jaho ee classic fikirka ku baaqay in talanti walaasheed ayaa inayan khasaare ahayn. Waxa uu jecel yahay kooban, sheekada joojiyey. Isagu waa la hubo ee aan akhristayaasha, kuwaas oo, in uu ra'yi, uu heli lahaa macnaha, xitaa haddii ay wax soo saarka iyo adag.
2. In wax Chekhov ee had iyo jeer ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah, faahfaahinta u muuqda yar. Iyagu ma ay yihiin oo keliya la joogo in shuqullada, sida waa in middani ay u weyn, rukunka fikraddiisa.
3. Wixii style Chekhov waxa lagu gartaa description dhexdhexaadnimo, maxaa yeelay, waxaa ka dhaadhacsan in gunaanad waa in akhristaha.
4. Czech ee carruurta ku dhowaad ma si gaar ah ku qorin ( "Kashtanka" iyo "White-horraysiiyay" - marka laga reebo ah). Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in ilmaha waa in loo akhriyo si ay u doortaan ugu wanaagsan suugaanta "qof weyn".

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, samaynta aragti guud oo ku saabsan shaqada ee Classics ah, waxa uu noqon lahaa macquul ah si loo raad raaco horumar ah ee formation of habka uu hal abuur leh. shayga of our waxbarasho ahaan doonaa Biography iyo shaqada Chekhov.

waayo-aragnimo hore ee hal-abuurka

Anton Chekhov waxa uu ku dhashay on January 17, 1860 in Taganrog in qoys sabool ah baayacmushtariyaal. Halkan uu ka gymnasium magaalada qalin. Xataa ee fasalada qalin wuxuu ahaa qoraaga dhaqdhaqaaqa dadka waaweyn lagu daabacay wargeysyada caanka ah "Alarm", "baalkaa-biyood", "jajabkii" ah. Sidaas oo ka da 'yar si ay u helaan lacag, si ba'an looga baahan yahay qoyska, Chekhov.

Dhanka kale, qaddar ee dhallinyaro ah nin dhibtani isku diyaarineysa: toddoba iyo toban, uu ku xanuunsaday caabuq daran ee peritoneum ah, kaas oo, sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah version, tixgeliyaa muujinta ugu horeysay ee uu cudurka qaaxada. Sida laga soo xigtay version kale, muujiyay by Professor VI Razumovsky, Anton Chekhov lahaa oo musiiba ah si ay u qabsadaan fasalka jaamacadda ee Kuliyadda Caafimaadka ee.

Laga soo bilaabo 1879 in dhallinyarada Chekhov bilaabay daraasaad adag iyo waqti lumis at University Moscow iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa saxaafadda u daran. Sida laga soo xigtay-qorka ee Anton Pavlovich, waxa uu ahaa kuwo ku adag in la isu geeyo tababarka shaqo hal abuur leh oo firfircoon, dabagalka laba bakeylaha - daawo iyo suugaanta. Xaqiiqada ah in uu la waa waalidkiis, afar walaalo ah iyo gabadh walaashiis ah oo ku nool guri yar oo ku Moscow ahaa. Iyo qoyska si lama filaan ah ku yimid ayaa waxaa inta badan ka cidhiidhyami doonaya inay Chekhov qoray.

sheekooyin kaftan ah ayuu ka sameeyey, a collection of "kuwa aan faa'idada iyo qanco" (1882), kaas oo aan la daabacay by sababaha faafreebka ah. failure ugu horeeyay ee u waxyoonay kaliya qoraa gaysashada ah. ka dib dejinta caadiga Tifaftirayaasha Waxa uu sheego inuu dhiirogelin gaarka ah si ay shaqo, "dabaal nolosha nadiif ah ma noqon karo."

Markaas xawaaraha mashquul nolosha sii darayaan cudurka. In 1884 waraaqaha ka publisher ah "firdhadka" magazine afar iyo labaatan Chekhov cabanaya qandho iyo awood la'aanta ah si ay u galaan tababar dheeraad ah. Waxa uu gabi ahaanba diiradda saarayaa hawl suugaanta. In 1884 wuxuu daabacay buug uu qoray "Warkii Melpomene," hoos magac maldahan u Antosha Chehonte, iyo in 1886 - "Sheekooyinka midabo." In buugga labaad ee sheekooyinka kaftan Chekhov gelin dheeraad ah si hufan - parody ah. Halkan tayadiisa laftiisa muujiyey sifayn ee Baare maadda ah. Author qudhiisu isku dayo in noocyo badan. Waxa uu tijaabo. Iyo dooni ku guuldareysto, uu parody oo ka mid ah buugaagta oo caan ah waa caan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Classics mustaqbalka weli xiiso u suugaanta halis ah. Waa in this story Chekhov qoray soo socda. "Vanya" (1886) ayaa sheegay sheekada sagaal agoon ah kabatole arday Aliakhin, faa'idaysto iyo takooray ilmaha, ku qayliyey oo uu awoowe Constantine Makarych out of this qaado isaga "farsamada sayniska." In ka badan wiil, agoon ah, xoogsheegtay arday ka tirsan, garaaca iyo jiido by timaha laftiisa tole. Boy qoray in a habeenkii pre-Christmas. Xusuus iyo rajo barbaro uu male, gaalda keentaa akhristayaasha Chekhov. Vanka - ilmaha ah, oo wuxuu iyada soo diro warqad leh carruurta taabashada bikirka "tuulada of my awoowe." Iyadoo la raacayo, akhristaha ayaa ogaatay in Constantine Makarych ayaa weligiin akhriyin, oo ma jiro wax isbedel nolosha qasan ee wiilka.

Qoraaga qabtay Chekhov

Tan iyo 1885, laga bilaabo si ay u la shaqeeyaan publications suugaanta halis ah: "Thought Ruush", "Northern Herald". Waxaa la daabacay sheekooyin gaagaaban "Name Day", sheekada "Steppe The", "A caajisaa Story," "Kashtanka" Chekhov. In 1887 wuxuu daabacay laba ururin sheekooyin ( "hadalka Innocent" iyo "Oo waxay ahayd gabbaldhac"), ee 1888 - "Stories" ee 1890 - "Dadka xumida leh." isaga u yimaado aqoonsi. In 1888, qoraa waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Prize Pushkin yar (nus).

Waa dabeecad in badan oo shuqullada author this, xitaa vnezhanrovym, talantigii qoraaga si loo hubiyo heerka saxda ah ee ay caan. Tusaale ahaan, "Kashtanka" Chekhov jeclaaday farcankoodii carruurta. Waxay si joogta ah laga duubay. Waxaa u muuqan lahaa in laga yaabaa in si fudud loo sheekooyin ku saabsan sida eyga (cross u dhexeeya dachshund iyo mongrel) markii hore laga badiyay sayidkiisa, ka dibna, ku dhowaad noqdo meeshu ah, si lama filaan ah ayaan ka helnay. fudud All Chekhov ee: saaxiriinta lahayn, mermaids lahayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sheekada ayaa mar walba jeclaa carruurta.

Journey in Sakhalin

Waxaa xusid mudan in Biography iyo shaqada evince Chekhov ee isaga in nin ma aha oo kaliya aad u fiiro dheer, laakiin aad u firfircoon oo xiiso leh. In 1890, isagoo isku diyaarinaya safar si Sakhalin. dareenkaa u jidka ku dhawaad saddex bilood ah iyada oo loo marayo Siberia uu, waxay ku tusaysaa in taxane ah oo maqaalo "From Siberia". Kolkaasaan saddex bilood oo kale qoraaga bixiso Sakhalin, halkaas oo uu isku dayay in uu fahmo cilmi nafsiga iyo nolosha of dembiilayaal, iyo ugu danbeyn ku soo laabtay Odessa by badda, dekedaha booqanaya Hong Kong on. Ceylon, Singapore, Turkey. Iyada oo ku saleysan waxyaabaha safar afar sano ka, wuxuu bilaabaa in ay ka shaqeeyaan buug of maqaalo "Sakhalin". guriga ka dhoofnay, ayuu soo iibsataa ee gobolka Moscow xaafadda picturesque ee Melikhovo.

Melikhovo - fahamka indhaynta Sakhalin. Marxaladda cusub dunida

Biography iyo shaqada Chekhov, sida ay suugaanta, qurxiyey muddo aad u gaarka ah, loo yaqaan laxanka ay magaca "Melikhovo". Waqtigaas, classic kartina u gaar ah Anton Pavlovich dareemay isbedel ee bulshada, la xiriira barakaca bulshada dhulgoosadka in, iyo sidoo kale in ay ogaadaan kuwa sidooda u eryadeen siyaasadda socodnimo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha oo kaliya on ururinta ah "Sakhalin" shaqeeya Anton Pavlovich, oo noqday, ugu dambeyntii, hodanka ah, in uu estate picturesque hodannimo.

ay caanka ah sida runta ah qoraa dimuqraadiyadda - waa mid weyn. Buyers yihiin macno ahaan kala firdhiyey leh armaajo oo buugagta ku tilmaamay A. P. Chehov "Sheekooyinka iyo tixaha." Sheekada fikradeed "Ward №6» lagu soo dhamaystay sannadkii mudada ugu horeysay Melikhovo of abuurka. Xoogbadane image Chekhovian gaarka ah ee Tuulada laga cabsado cirro kii baraska qabi jiray, halkaas oo dhan hal abuur muddo dheer kaga talaabsadeen, halkaas oo "soo jiidashada" waa uun isbitaalka laakiin xabsi ah, weeraray akhristayaasha si xaq arxan oo dhan, samaynta waxaad la Yaabteen: "Waa maxay sababta, in aynu nahay ...". Sharci, kuwaas oo qalcad waa in isbitaalka tuuray mabaadi'da humanism Dr. Ragin, dhimashadiisa (Ajirka iimaanka) ka dhigi aad u malaynayso oo ku saabsan sida dhab ahaan dadka ku nool waa in.

shuqullada New by Chekhov rumeysan si cad u muujisay horumar qoraa kuwaas oo u kacay in ay marxalad cusub oo ka mid ah hal-abuurka gaar ah.

Melikhovo. Wacyi xaaladda isku duba riday

Anton Pavlovich, inay saacado maalmeedka shaqada mahad, waxa uu noqday sayid dhab ah dhakhso ah. Oo wuxuu bartay si ay u arkaan nuxurka waxa maalin waxaa indhaha malaayiin dalkiisa markii hore joogi jiray, laakiinse lagama ogaaday iyaga by.

Russia ay xudunta u ahaa dalka soo ridayeen a. Waa in Melikhovo wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay aragto waxa lagu hayaa marwooyin aamusan populists. Inquisitively socota nolosha tuulooyinka warshad Kryukovo iyo Ugryumova A. P. Chehov. Stories "Case Study", "googorado", sida ay markhaatiyaasha, si faahfaahsan u muujinayaa dadka dhabta ah, oo ay ku jiraan dulin ah - ". Kartay" baayacmushtariyaasha Hrymin, oo sida xaqiiqada ah waxay ahaayeen

Czech furay ridayeen reading dadweynaha Russia. Waayo, demagoguery, been jacayl niqaab populists iyo fahamka rabitaanka qastaan ay, waxaa jiray Shirqool aamusnaan. Isaga oo uu story Chekhov "yaroow" dillaac. In iyada classic si cad u sheegay in yaroow badanaa "ka xun xoolaha nool." Waxay yihiin qaybta ugu xun "neuhozheny masaakiinta, cabbay, wasakh ah." Waxay leeyihiin tayada ruuxa dhacsan, ay inta badan waa "cabsi iyo tuhunsan yahay" mid kasta oo kale. Dadkani waxay ku xanuunsado iyaga ka xadgudbayn xuquuqda aadanaha ay sharaftiisa aadaminnimo. Waxay u baahan yihiin in wax lagu baro, xuquuqda ay u leeyihiin, waa in la ilaaliyaa!

Chekhov xiiso shaqeeyay. Saffarro xasuusto in nuurka in uu xafiiska ku Melikhovo inta badan habeenkii oo dhan gubay.

palette A kala duwan ee classic

Sidee palette ah sayidkayga this kala duwan, waxa ay muujinaysaa in taxane ah oo shuqullo waaweyn ee Chekhov si lama filaan ah ayuu qoray sheekada carruurta "White-horraysiiyay". Dhab ahaantii, ma jiro oo ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeya suugaanta iyo ma filayn ee "Injineer naftiinna aadanaha" si lama filaan ah vnezhanrovogo doonaa qof sheekada. Jawaabtii waa mid fudud, waayo, wuxuu jeclaa carruurta. Dhibaatada ayaa waxa aan la xiray: carruurtooda qoraaga weyn ee cudurka qaaxada, ma noqon karaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayuu wuxuu soo qaatay daryeelka ee reer yaroow, iyaga kor dugsiga on lacagaha ay si shakhsi gaar ah.

Wuxuu - qoraa boosaska ah. xaqiiqiyad qanacsanahay, sarkhaansan yihiin lama filaan ah habdhiska sababa inuu riyo xun, si lama filaan ah u abuuraa shaqo xiiso iyo jacayl ah "The Black Monk", taas oo xeelad dhibaatooyinka hanad iyo abuurista, Dharkeeda.

Ka sokow dhab ah u adag, Chekhov abuuray oo ka shaqeeya waxyaabaha taariikh ahaaneed (novel ah "My Life"). In "House ayaa la Mezzanine" iyo "Goosebumps" classic sheegayaa sheeko oo ka mid ah dhinacyada baadinaayo soo horjeeda ee xaraf ee tuulooyinka: baabbi'inta ee "Nest Noble" iyo la'aanta ah ee cibaadaysi ee "sayid nolosha" cusub, baayacmushtariyadii. Sheekada la soo dhaafay ku xusan la "Man The in Case a" iyo "About Love" waa Forbrydelsen ah.

Dhawr riwaayadaha "Melikhovo"

In Melihove Anton Pavlovich abuuraa play cajiib ah "Adeer Vanya". Sida uu ku kooban waxaa ku muujinayaa Gaalnimo aadanaha iyo rajo ahbaa waxaa ag yaal! Vanya si daacad ah u adeegta xaafadaha ciidankii, Prof. isaga u siiyaan mushahar xigeynka. Mulkiiluhu wuxuu go'aansaday inuu iibiyo, ma walwal ah oo ku saabsan masiirka Aadamow, "oo uu rabbeeyey dabiicadda" (weedhaha dambe - ka "The Prince Little" EXUPERY).

Fikradaha siyaabo in la keeno farshaxanka riwaayadaha in la abuuro masterpiece cusub - "The shimbir badeed" play. Waxaa Chekhov on waysay jilayaasha kala duwan keenaysaa dhagaystayaasha si ay u fahmaan waxa farshaxanka dhabta ah waxaa si weyn u gaar ah ay jidka wanaagsan ee shaqo adag nafta, full of jahawareer, dhibbanayaasha. Waa ciyaar ka halyeeyad u Nina Zarechnaya, si tartiib ah ka dib markii xirfadeed iyo noqoshada actarad. Waa dabeecad in images of shaqada - dadka dhabta ah booqo Melikhovo iyo waysay ciyaaro badan ka wadaagaan saasoo ay.

muddo Yalta of abuurka

In 1898, cudur classic sii xumaatay, oo isaga iyo qoyskiisa u dhaqaaqay Yalta. Ilaa November 1899 (hadda guriga dhismaha) Anton safray Moscow, halkaas oo uu guri ka kireeyey. aqalada dhisay ayaa ka mid khasaare weyn qofka buka, waayo, kaasu qabow ee xilliga qaboobaha waa. Dhisaa si fiican loo bixiyey foornadii dabka. Entries qoraa oo muujinaysa in ay xilliga qaboobaha ee uu heerkulka shuqulkoodu wuxuu ahaa 11-12 degrees.

In Yalta, qoraaga cad ma jeclaan. Intaa waxaa dheer, halkan uu diiday caadiga ah ee Melikhovo cuntada beeraha cusub. xaalkaas la beddelo marka mararka booqday Sister Maria Pavlovna. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan ahaa inta badan.

Classics qoran Yalta, ee qorkiisa uu, wax badan oo ka xun in Melekhovo. In 1901 wuxuu warqadihii ku qoray play ah "Saddex Sisters", sheekooyin gaagaaban "The Lady la Dog ah", "hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu". Sida laga soo xigtay dareenkaa Melikhovo abuuray 1903 dhameystiraya shuqulka "injineerada naftiinna aadanaha" - ". Cherry Orchard The" play ah Waxaa lagu gartaa haya'ad mustaqbalka ee Russia sida beero cherry ah.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, nolosha noqday cudur firfircooni dheeraad ah. Qoraagu wuxuu ku dhintay on July 2, 1904 magaalada HBS German ee Badenweiler.

gunaanad

Tan iyo carruurnimada, nolosheena ka mid ah buugaagta Chekhov ee. Waa abuurka ah ee qoraaga-kii riyada badnaa, kuwaas oo goor dambe oo qarnigii XIX ahaa awoodaan in ay rumeysan muujiyaan isku wadanka yihiin shuqullada waa nool duwan. Wuxuu ahaa koox weyin takoorka iyo waqti isku mid ah, sayidkayga ah u gaar ah ee erayga. Anton u yeedhay si ay u dhisaan nolol cusub, udgoon iyo qurxoon sida beero cherry ah.