Gabayaana waxaa Symbolist iyo shaqadooda

Calaamad - dhaqdhaqaaq suugaanta in asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee qarnigii 19aad ee France iyo qaybiyey dalal badan oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in calaamadda Ruush waxa uu noqday arrin ugu weyn oo baaxad weyn. Gabayaana waxaa Symbolist Ruush soo bandhigay ee ku yaala goobahan waa wax cusub, wax aan ku jiray ka horreeyay, waxay Faransiis. Isla la muuqaalka kore ee calaamadda bilaabmaa Silver Age of suugaanta Ruush. Laakiin waa inaan sheegaa in in Russia waxaa jiray dugsiga kaliya ee arrimuhu casri lahayn, waxaa jiray midnimada ma fikradaha, mid style. Hal-abuurka Symbolist gabayaaga hal wax wada kulmaan, aamin erayada caadiga ah, waxay doonayaan waa ninba calaamadaha iyo masaallo.

qulquli calaamadda

Waa dhaqdhaqaaq suugaanta ee booska fikirka iyo waqtiga dhismaha lagu tilmaamay laba marxaladood. Muuqday ee 1890 gabayaaga Symbolist, liiska oo ay ku jiraan tirooyinka sida Balmont, Gippius, Bryusov, Sologub, Merezhkovsky, loo yaqaan "sare". In horaantii 1900, jihada waxaa ka buuxsamay ciidamada cusub, si weyn u beddelo muuqaalkiisa. Ugu horeysay ee gabayaaga Symbolist "yar" sida Ivanov, Blok, Bely. ruxruxo labaad ee socodka waxaa loo yaqaan mladosimvolizmom.

Wakiillada oo ka mid ah dugsiga "ka weyn" waxa ay ku qaadatay dhaqdhaqaaq suugaaneed marka la eego farshaxanka. Balmont iyo Bruce muujiyay fikirka ah in Abwaan - horrayn waa abuure qiimaha a Gaarna farshaxanka iyo Gaarna shakhsi. Gabayaana "yar" u arkay in ka badan in dhinaca diinta iyo falsafada. Falsafadda, refracted in miyir ku ladhan - taas oo ah, in ay opinion, calaamadda. jiilka labaad Poety Symbolist sidoo kale Sergeem Solovevym, Innokentiem Annenskim iyo kuwa kale.

Symbolists "Senior"

In Russia waa dhaqdhaqaaq suugaanta laftiisa ku dhawaaqay in dabayaaqadii 1890. In Moscow, ee asalka ah calaamad ahaa Valeriy Bryusov, iyo St. Petersburg - Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakiilka ugu duwanyihiin iyo xagjirka ah ee calaamadda dugsiga hore ee magaalada on Neva ahaa Alexander Dobrolyubov. Durkaan iyo marka laga reebo dhan kooxaha casri abuuray uu dunida ku ladhan ee waa gabayaa ee symbolist Ruush kale - Fedor Sologub.

Laakiin laga yaabaa in ugu akhrin karo, muusikada iyo sonorous waqtiga ahaayeen gabayo of Konstantin Balmont. Dhamaadkii qarnigii 19aad, waxaa si cad u sheegay in "search for dirau" u dhexeeya macnaha, midabka iyo dhawaaqa. fikrado la mid ah ayaa la kulmay Rimbaud iyo Baudelaire, oo goor dambe oo gabayaaga badan oo Ruush, sida Block, Bruce Khlebnikov, Kuzmin. Balmont dirau search this inta badan loo arkaa in abuurista dhawaaqa-taasoo la micno ah text - music, dhalmada in macnaha. Abwaan zvukopisi kaxaystay, bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan shuqullada sifooyin midabo halkii fal, taasoo keentay in la abuuro, siday sameeyeen reer leexinaaya, dhowaan waxay ka maran macnaha gabayada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ifafaale this ee gabayada ugu danbeyn keentay in formation of fikradaha cusub gabay, kaas oo ka mid ah melodeclamation, micne lahayn, zvukopis.

"Yar" gabayaaga Symbolist

Jiilkii labaad ee gabayaaga Symbolist la xidhiidha, marka hore bilaabay bandhiga ee 1900. iyaga ka mid ah ay ahaayeen labada qoraa oo aad u yar, sida Andrey Bely, Sergei Solovyov, Alexander Blok iyo dadka mudan, tusaale ahaan, saynisyahan a Vyacheslav Ivanov, oo agaasime ka ah gymnasium ah Innokentiy Annensky.

In St. Petersburg, in muddo ah "xarun" ah calaamad uu ahaa guri Ivanov ee geeska jidka Tauris ah, halkaas oo hal mar ku noolaa M. Kuzmin, A. White, A. Mintslova, V. Khlebnikov, waxaa jiray Berdyaev, Anna Akhmatova, Blok, Lunacharsky. In Moscow gabayaaga Symbolist soo ururay in golaha tafatirka guriga daabacaadda "jiirta Caqrabbiim," ayuu, editor sare ah taas oo ahayd Bryusov. Halkan diyaariyey koob ee edition symbolist ugu caansan ee - "Balance". Shaqaalaha oo ka mid ah "hangarallayaal" ahaayeen qorayaasha sida K. Balmont, A. White, J. Baltrušaitis, A. Remizov, F. Sologub, Blok, M. Voloshin iyo kuwa kale.

calaamad gaar hore

In Russia, dhamaadka 19aad iyo bilowgii qarnigii 20aad. Waxay ahayd waqti isbedelka, niyad, Baaskoodu wuxu xumida iyo walaac. Muddadan, waxa aan si cad loo dareemay yaabaa hab ee si bulshada iyo siyaasadda dhimashada-jira. horumar Hadalladaasu ma aha laakiin saameyn ku yeelan karo gabayada Ruushka. Gabayo gabayaaga symbolist ayaa lagu daray sida gabayaaga aragtiyo is-khilaafsan. Tusaale ahaan, qorayaasha sida D. Merezhkovsky iyo N. Minsky, markii hore ahaayeen wakiillo ka gabayada madaniga ah, iyo ka dib bilaabay in ay diiradda saaraan fikradda ah "bulshada diimeed" iyo "ilaah u-dhiska". Symbolists "Senior" garan waayeen xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee adduunka ku xeeran oo wuxuu ku yidhi "maya." Sidaas daraaddeed, Bruce qoray: "Ma arko our xaqiiqada, Anigu garan maayo ee qarnigii this ..." The wakiillo hore ee xaqiiqada hadda dunida ka mid ah hal-abuurka iyo riyooyin, taas oo qof uu noqdo mid si buuxda free barbar, laakiin xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee ay taswiiran maqlaan, kuwa xun iyo kuwa garaadka.

Muhiimad weyn u Gabayaana waxaa lahaa hal-abuurka iyo farshaxanka - diinta macnaha erayada, heesaha horumarinta, laxanka, iyo wixii la mid ah. Symbolists "Senior" ahaayeen Impressionists ah, ku dadaalaya si uu u gudbiyo Gudigga khiyaano ah ku reebaya, dareenkiisa. Iyagu ma ay isticmaali nidaam calaamadaha, laakiin hadalka sida beesho qiimaha oo noqday muhiim ah oo kaliya in tayada codka, qoraalada muusikada, link in dhismaha guud ee gabayga.

isbeddellada cusub

In 1901-1904 GG. bilaabay wajiga cusub ee taariikhda calaamad, oo waxay ku soo beegantay kordheyso kacaan ee Russia. sawir isagoo u waxyoonay ee 1890 u dhiibay si ay digniin ahi ka ah "isbedel aan horay loo arag". Wakhtigan, on goobta suugaanta mladosimvolisty kuwa raacsan Abwaan Vladimir Solovyov, Oo kii arkayna dunida jir ah in ay qarka u dhimashada u muuqday, oo wuxuu ku yidhi in "dunida badbaadiyo" waa in ay ahaadaan quruxda rabaani ah by xira bilowgii nolosha jannada ka mid ah waxyaabaha la, dumo. In shuqullada ah gabayayaashiinnu Symbolist waxay bilaabeen inay si joogta ah u muuqan views, laakiin ma aha sida, laakiin iyada oo loo adeegsanayo in la aqoonsado niyadda. Sidaas daraaddeed, in Aayado si joogto ah la kulmay sharaxaad ka mid ah dayrta xanuujin murugo-Ruush, laakiin qorraxdu goortay soo ma iftiimi ama gana dhulka ku rays cirro oo keliya murugo dhici tartiib u dhaca caleemo, iyo wax kasta oo samreysa soo harana carceero.

Waxaa kaloo ujeedada uu jecel yahay oo ka mid ah symbolists "yar" waxay ahayd magaalo. Oo iyana waxay isagii tusay sida nool ay dabeecad u gaar ah, foomka uu. Inta badan waxa ay u muuqatay sida magaalada sida meel loo karho, waalli, calaamad ku xigeenka iyo callousness.

Symbolists iyo Revolution

In 1905-1907, markii kacaanka bilaabay, calaamadda ayaa mar kale beddelay. Gabayaana waxaa badan ayaa ku jawaabay in ay dhacdooyinka kuwa. Sidaas daraaddeed, Bruce qoray gabay caanka ah "Imaatinka Huns", taas oo ammaanay dhammaadka wakhtiga dunidu hore, laakiin isaga loogu tiriyey, oo aan, iyo dadkii oo dhan kuwaas oo ku noolaa in muddada sidnaa, dhaqanka jir ah. Unit in ay shaqada si ay u abuuraan images dunida cusub ee dadka. In 1906 Sologub daabacay buug "hooyo" gabayada, iyo in 1907 Balmont qoray taxane ah oo gabayo, "Songs ka aarsada" - ururinta waxaa la daabacay ee Paris, waxaana la mamnuucay in Russia.

Hoos u ah calaamadda

Wakhtigan taas waa ay isbedeshay fahanka farshaxanka dunida ee Symbolists ah. Haddii ay quruxda sida wada noolaanshaha, laakiin gartay hadda iyaga, waayo, iyadu helay xiriir la leh xubno dad, la fowdo ee dagaalka. Dhamaadka tobanka sano ee hore ee qarnigii 20-aad, calaamad u ahaa in hoos u dhac iyo mar dambe la siiyo magacyo cusub. All-gal, xooggan, dhallinyarada horay u soo baxay waxaa ka mid ah ahaayeen, in kastoo gogo 'qaar ka mid ah ayaa weli abuuray ah gabayayaashiinnu Symbolist.

List of gabayaaga waaweyn, oo wakiil ka ah calaamadda suugaanta

• Innokentiy Annensky;
• Jurgis Baltrušaitis ;
• Valeriy Bryusov;
• Zinaida Gippius;
• Fedor Sologub;
• Konstantin Balmont;
• Alexander Tinyakov;
• Wilhelm Zorgenfrey;
• Alexander Dobrolyubov;
• Viktor Strazhev;
• Andrey Bely;
• Konstantin Fofanov;
• Vyacheslav Ivanov;
• Alexander Blok;
• Georgy Chulkov;
• Dmitry Merezhkovsky;
• Ivan Konevskaya;
• Vladimir Piast;
• Poliksena Soloveva;
• Ivan Rukavishnikov.