Hogaamiyaha burjiga: Qeexidda, sifooyinka. Yaa la odhan karaa waa hoggaamiye burjiga? Fikradda ah "Hogaamiyaha burjiga" oo la soo bandhigay in cilmiga? Hogaamiyaha A burjiga waa ...

Hogaamiyaha A burjiga - qofka jecel yahay haybad gaar ah indhaha dadka kale ee. Oo uu ku xukumay waxa taageeray by tacsida ma by cabsi, iyo ku saleysan aaminsan shakhsiga ah iyo kalsooni ah ee "dadka la doortay."

Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan waxa ay ka dhigan tahay in ay "hoggaamiyaha burjiga" (qeexida, ifafaale ah sida lagu muujiyey, iyo wax ka badan), waxaa laga wada hadli doonaa in this article.

Fikradda ah heybad

Laga soo bilaabo bilowgii aad u jiritaanka aadanaha ee bulshada waa hogaamiyayaal ma ahan oo keliya tilmaami karaa jidka, laakiin si uu u hoggaamiyo. Xataa in times of dhibaato aad u daran ee raacsan ay marnaba daqiiqad Idamkiisa, iyo Rowan rumeysan yahay hogaamiye, gooyo ama boqorka.

Tani waxay ifafaale loo yaqaan "heybad" iyo qofka qaba sifooyinkaasi noqday kuwa loo yaqaan hoggaamiye burjiga. Eraygii laftiisa macnihiisu yahay "hadiyadda Ilaah", iyo dhab, this ifafaale waxaa loo arkaa by cilmi badan oo qarka u of sarraysa, ama ugu yaraan kartida sarreeyaan. Markii hore, xilli khuseysaa oo keliya in taliyayaasha midkood ama madaxda ciidamada, laakiin tan iyo bartamihii qarnigii la soo dhaafay, waxay bilaabeen inay soo wac dhowaad qof, waxay u taagan tahay ka soo baxay tacsida ah, oo inta badan tayada qofka iyo guusha, looks wanaagsan ama is-horumarinta. Taasi waxay ka dhigan hogaamiye burjiga, waxaa ka wada xaajoon doona in this article.

Fikradda ah "Hogaamiyaha burjiga" ee cilmiga

Fikradda ah "Hogaamiyaha burjiga" ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in professor Jarmalka cilmiga ah ee fiqiga iyo dhaqanka Ernst Troeltsch. Later dheer la horumariyo by sociologist Jarmalka Maksom Veberom, kuwaas oo la diyaariyey qeexidda classical, iyo dar dar geliyay baadhitaan dhamaystiran of this ifafaale isaga for. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi casri ah uu soo jeedinayaa in la siiyo qeexitaankan waa fikrad badan ayaa cidhiidhi in laga saaro tirada guud ee shakhsiyaad si cad oo kala duwan sida Nebi Muuse iyo Hitler, Gandhi iyo Genghis Khan.

Marka laga eego dhinaca fikirka Weber ee ifafaale heybad aan xumaan iyo wanaag toona, dhawrsoonaanta ama kuwa sinaysta noqon kartaa. Tani habase yeeshee micnaheedu ma aha in tayada iyo hawlgal hogaamiyaha noocan oo kale ah ma la qiimeyn karaa shuruudaha universal. Sayidka, saynisyahano badan, si meesha looga saaro shakiga, isticmaali qeexid kala duwan, taas oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad si cad in la qeexo fikirka ah "Hogaamiyaha burjiga". Soo bandhigay in cilmiga safeeyey muddada Dzhordzh Barns, kuwaas oo aaminsan in kiisaska intooda badan, marka loo eego ah shaqsiyad fiican aad ugu haboon in la codsado fikradda ah "Hoggaamiye geesi ah."

Madaxda burjiga ee taariikhda aadanaha

Taariikhda ayaa duubay tusaalooyin badan oo ah kuwa lagu magacaabi karaa hogaamiyaha burjiga noo. First of dhan, waa general caanka ahaa iyo taliyayaashii, Aleksandr Makedonsky, Genghis Khan, Napoleon. Qarnigii labaatanaad, tirooyinka sida ka badan ayaa waxaa loo yaqaan ayaa maanta ku saabsan doorka ku dhow madaxa kasta oo shirkad guul ama dhaqdhaqaaq bulsho iska. Daraasaddu waxay of this ifafaale waxaa la socda dhibaatooyin gaar ah. Dabcan, tani waa sababta sayniska waa in ay ahaadaan "fiican" qeexidda of fikradda ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, idealize iyo xitaa abaabulo aan suurto gal ah in si toos ah shakhsiyaad. Hogaamiyaha A burjiga Waa tiro si aan caadi ahayn in si dhab ah u hesho jawaab qeexan in su'aasha ah in sida hogaamiyaha gaar ah, ku dhowaad dhalanteed. Intaa waxaa dheer, qofka noocaas ah had iyo jeer u muuqataa in waqtiyada dhibaatada, oo ay tahay barta ka leexdo iyo dhacdooyinka ah, oo aadan had iyo jeer si sax ah u garan karaa - mid wanaagsan ama si xun muuqashadeeduna waxaa lagu qeexaa iyaga u.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Yaa waa hogaamiyaha burjiga taariikhda Soviet? Tusaale A caadiga ah ee hogaamiyaha noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yeedhi karaa V. I. Lenina, oo amiir u ahaa xisbiga Bolshevik ah, Xaq soore iyo hogaamiyaha kacaanka hantiwadaagga ee Russia. Indeed, sida ay contemporaries iyo xubnaha xisbiga la shaqayn jiray, Lenin ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta istaagay baxay isagoo mid ka mid ah oo kaliya rumeeyey markaasay raaceen isaga oo aan Boos kasta. Waxaa intaa dheer, Lenin - hoggaamiye burjiga, dhab ahaantii wuxuu lahaa awood u leh inay sharxaya arrimaha dhaqaalaha iyo fikirka qalafsan tacsida baran badan. Waxay isagii way maqleen spellbound, neef tuur, iyo in la xusuusnaado in this ahaa bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, oo ma qalabka waaweyn ee farsamo, marka lagu daro codkiisa u gaar ah ee gudoomiyaha ma ahaa fudud.

Doisprezece Vissarionovich Stalin

Doisprezece Stalin - hoggaamiye burjiga, aabbe u ahaa dadka, iyo Abuuraha reer gobolka ugu aan caadi ahayn iyo ku dhawaad fantastic ah oo dhan ee abid loo yaqaan. Qiimeynta shakhsiyadda Stalin ee had iyo jeer waa la qiyaasi karin, oo inta badan u janjeedhaan. Waxaa sugan, taliyaha lahaa awood u gaar ah si ay u dumiyaan cadaawayaashooda, kuwaas oo inta badan ahaayeen colka gobolka. Inta uu heybad iyo deification ka mid ah taageerayaasha, dabcan, ma aha kaliya ah hoggaanka (inkastoo uu iyaga lahaa buuxda) - iyo dareen cabsi, oo uu inexplicably iyo dhiiri laga yaabaa xitaa maanta.

cilmi badan oo u muuqdaan in ay u maleynayaa in hogaamiyaha burjiga saafi Stalin, inkasta oo la aqoonsan yahay in taageerayaashiisa iyo kuwa raacsan ay diyaar u yihiin in ay hoggaamiyaha in allabaryo dareenka truest erayga dhigi. askari Simple markey Mixraabka ugu sareysa la magiciisa, oo iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan - ifafaale dhif. Sida caadiga ah in kiisaskan, kuwa raacsan ka dhergi fikradda ah (tusaale ahaan, xorriyadda) ama fikrad gaar ah oo hooyo ah, dalkooda.

Sharl De Goll

Tusaale ka mid ah hogaamiye dabiici ah uma shaqayn karo Sharl De Goll, kuwaas oo shaqo weli uu saamayn weyn ku ah nolosha siyaasadeed ee Yurub. Madaxweynaha qudhiisu uu si joogta ah ugu baaqay in fikradda ah heybad iyo ahaa taageere u ahaa fikradda ah in a shakhsiyadda aadanaha xoog leh ayaa dabcan ka mid ah taariikhda saameynta badan ka weyn yahay waxaa caadi rumaystay. Waxaa intaa dheer, Madaxweynaha, kuwaas oo, ka dib markii labadii dagaal aduunka ugu naxariista darnaa wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay u horseedi France si ay barwaaqo iyo doorka ay mid ka mid ah awoodaha dunida keentay, la rumaysan yahay in jacaylka dadka ay taageerto qaar ka mid ah "saamayn of mucjiso ah," sii wadida guushiisa wax walba, waxaan marag ka nahay in tani ay tahay qofka waa " ina sharci ah oo samada. " Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan hadiyad this rabaani ah baaba'aa, waxa uu joogsanayo in la taageero by kiiska - baaba'aa iyo iimaanka kuwa raacsan.

Waxaa intaa dheer, hogaamiyaha burjiga de Gaulle in uu buugga "The Edge seef" ayaa si joogta ah carabka ku adkeeyay in xitaa magacaabista hogaamiyaha qaranka ee times of dhibaato aan la dhacaya ku salaysan doorashada ee ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta la heli karo. Hogaamiyaha Popular u muuqataa sidii amarka ah "ruxruxo awood badan," iyo Gen. gabi ahaanba beeniyay fatalism taariikhi ah, oo ay ugu yeedhi fikirka ah ee fulayo.

Adolf Hitler

Shaki kuma jiro in Adolf Hitler waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida tusaale ahaan ugu duwanyihiin ee shakhsiyadda burjiga ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Germany qarniyo, sida Phoenix ah - in gubay taxane ah oo dagaallo aan dhammaadka lahayn dhexe ee Europe, cusub fallaagoobay, oo inta badan ka xoog badan ay hore u ahayd. Fuhrer uu karin inuu dadkan uu siiyo fikrad run ahaantii asalka ah. Hitler - hoggaamiye burjiga kan kara inuu ka dhaadhiciyo inta badan ma aha oo kaliya kuwa raacsan, laakiin sidoo kale muwaadiniinta caadiga ah oo ay, Aryans - tartan ka xoogbadan, madaxa dadka kale oo dhan. fikrad Tani waxa ay u suurtagashay in ay midoobaan bulshada Jarmal si halka ay wakiil khatar ku ah aadanaha run ahaantii waa miisaan Planetary.

Haddaba Hitler go'aansaday inuu sawir farabadan qaar ka mid ah tamarta madow, taas oo ah jidka gabi ahaanba cajiib ah u suurtagashay in ay keenaan fikradahooda u tacsida dadka iyo dhaadhicino inay waali mass ku dhowaad hypnotized. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha. saffarro badan oo sifaha sida fog "ma ninka caadiga ah." Fuhrer Jarmal ee Waxa kale oo aad u baahan tahay si ay u fahmaan in la taageerin kaliya tacsida dabaqadda dhexe, ama dadka saboolka ah - qaybaha laakiin sidoo kale aqoon iyo hodanka ah ee bulshada, ma aha oo kaliya in Germany. meeshii ay tegi kareen waalan, waayo? Inta badan - no. Dabcan, si ay u abuuraan ay tamar Hitler isticmaali fursadaha kasta bilabo oo aan la qiyaasi karo. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu iska taagan askari Diintooda geesi ah dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, waxaana uu si joogta cadaato this ku dhaqanka. orate bartay la jilayaasha ugu fiican ee uu waqti. Si joogto ah u doondoonay isku daya in dadka la iyaga u gaar ah, oo raba in ay ogaadaan fikirrada iyo dareenka bulshada ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin macno ahaan qof walba. Weheliyaan aaminsan xagjirnimada in Hitler ee xaq u gaar ah, wuxuu siiyey saamaynta in taageerayaasha badan oo Fuhrer marnaba ugu wareersaday ama fikrado ama ujeedooyinka uu ku.

Isirrada ifafaale

Daraasaddu waxay of ifafaale ah ee ah ee noocan ah ee qofku shakhsiyadiisu - waa su'aasha ah in si dhab ah u taagan safka hore ee daraasadda of saameynta ay qofka ku saabsan habka taariikhiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo qadarka wayn ee cilmi saynisyahano waxay isku waa hogaamiyaha aad burjiga ah ifafaale u ahaa "block turunturoodo." Qubarada, cilmiga siyaasadda iyo sociologists aqoonsadaan in si buuxda ma ay garan, hab ay of ay dhacdo. Shaki kuma jiro door, oo lagu dhasho oo helay xirfadaha aadanaha, laakiin in la fahmo waxa ay dhab ahaan tayo dhigay runtii isaga la abuuro tamarta loo baahan yahay, waxa ay inta badan aan macquul ahayn waa. Waxaa intaa dheer, cilmi sayniska waxaa inta badan aan si toos ah in daraasad ah ee shakhsiyadda qofka, iyo farabadnaa leexiyay, tixgelinta ee falalka qaarkood, togan ama taban iyo duruufaha formation of hogaamiyaha noocan oo kale ah. Guud ahaan, waxaa jira saddex arrimood oo ka dhigi hoggaamiye burjiga u muuqataa.

1. Crisis. Waxay noqon kartaa siyaasadda, dhaqaalaha iyo arrimaha bulshada dhibaatooyinka, military fashilaad iyo wixii la mid ah, foomamka iyo isku murugsan oo dhan. Bilowgii hore ee hoos u dhaca gobolka - baaritaan dhab ah bulshada. Dadka fal karaa siyaabo badan. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa laga yaabaa in koritaanka cabsi hor socdaa baabba 'la taaban karo ee bulshada, iyagoo ka cabsi qaba waxaa laga yaabaa in khasaaraha ka mid ah ay koox ama dabaqad ama kaliya si ay u dareemaan xanuunka luminta ah qiimaha nolosha caadiga ah khayaali ah iyo cibaadaysi. Dabcan, duruufo sida, dadka u muuqdaan in ay ku kalsoon tahay oo raac kuwa Ogyahay waxa ay sameeyaan - hogaamiyaha ka, kuwaas oo horey u leeyahay taageerayaal badan, iyo ma ahan oo keliya in uu heybad iyo Dadka Ilaah uu doortay.

2. Arrinta labaad ee ugu weyn ee go'aaminta muuqaalka kore ee hogaamiyaha burjiga ah, legitimation ah dhaqanka iyo bulshada, marka qayb weyn oo ka mid ah bulshada aqoonsanaayeen sharci ah dhacdo inta badan waa hogaamiyaha rasmiga ahayn.

3. Arrinta saddexaad - ma ahan oo keliya ka mid ah tacsida ah ee dadka, laakiin sidoo kale ka mid ah dhinacyada, hoggaamiyayaashooda, iyo wakiillo ka socda hay'adaha rasmiga ah gobolka taageero siyaasadeed.

Haddaba xoog iyo aad u badan si aad u hesho arrin afaraad, taas oo haddii ay hore u bixisay dareenka, ka dibna yar ah. Tani - taageerada hoggaamiye burjiga on warbaahinta. Waxaad la hadli kartaa oo ku saabsan waxa ay door weyn ee horumarinta dhammaan hoggaamiyayaasha siyaasadeed ee ka 100 sano ee ugu dambeysay waxaa soo ciyaaray warbaahinta, iyo in taageero maanta ciidamada xaqiiqooyin ama qof in duurka macluumaadka - waa muhiim.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah hoggaamiye burjiga

Hogaamiyaha noocan ah inta badan u baahan tahay dhowr ah sifooyinka. The ugu caansan waa:

1. Wacyigelinta iyo kor u qaadidda doorka gaarka ah iyo shaqada, loogu talagalay Isbadal a xagjirka ah magaca bulshada samatabbixinta isbeddel ama. Tani waxay badanaa u baahan ogaa dhacdooyinka, iyo, inta badan, qorshe ama barnaamij ka mid ah dib u habaynta.
2. racfaanka Personal, taas oo qasab ka kooban yahay in isagoo muuqaalka soo jiidasho leh. Inta badan, on lid ku ah, oo amiir u burjiga - Nin ka mid ah dadweynaha, sida nin ee jidka, waqti isku mid ah waxay yeelan karaan iin gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa hubaal ah in hogaamiyaha noocan oo kale ah waxay leeyihiin lahaa in aan arxan gaar ah - waa wax aan macquul aheyn in ay nin geesi ah oo aan tayo this. Madaxda noocan oo kale ah, sida naago oo kale Zhanna Madow ama Margaret Thatcher, indhaha iyo xusuus ah saffarro in ahaayeen kuwo ka badan geesinimo badan oo ka mid ah ragga of our time.
3. Allabaryo iyo halgan ee hoggaamiyaha aad burjiga badanaa marka hore timaado. awood u leh inay is-allabariga iyo guul halgan joogto ah la duruufaha iyo soo horjeeda - factor muhiim u ah taageerayaasha raaca.
4. ujeedada aqoonsiga. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi badan, oo amiir u badan loo aqoonsan yahay waa mid ka mid waa kan kara inuu dhiiri goolkiisii ugu buuxda beego baahida bulshada.
5. Joogitaanka cadowga awood leh. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in hoggaamiyaha ayaa had iyo jeer waxay ku dooday in loogu talagalay ururka, qayb muhiim ah ka Falimihiisana qaadataa raadinta, ogaanshaha iyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah cadowga. Mararka qaarkood - aad u khatar ah, oo mararka qaar xitaa ma jiraan xaqiiqada, ama sidii cadow oo kale laga yaabaa in fikradaha xitaa aan la taaban karin.
6. door weyn ka ciyaaray by taageerayaasha firfircoon. Inta badan, hogaamiyaha uusan xitaa ma ku tiirsan yihiin urur ama machadka kasta oo maamulka. Mararka qaarkood in uu rajaynayo in taageerayaasha isaga u gaar ah qaataan arrimaha gacmaha iyaga u gaar ah galay, inta badan xaq, iyo kuwa raacsan waxay noqon kartaa wax badan oo dheeraad ah xag badan ay hoggaamiye.

Madaxda burjiga of our time

Madaxda burjiga Modern in inta badan kiisaska, ma ku tiirsan taageerada dadka - Waxaa sii kordhaya noqday arrin weyn ee horumarinta aqoonsiga berrin macluumaadka, in uu yahay, iyada oo warbaahinta. Waayo, hab sharci darro ah soo jiidasho leh waxay noqon kartaa cawl iyo codeeyay qof, mararka qaarkood ma awoodaan in ay si madax banaan u dhaqmaan.

Tusaale ahaan of "television" casriga ah ee hogaamiyaha Ruush keeni kartaa Vladimir goboleedyada federaalka. Waxa uu dhab ahaantii saamayn ku yeelan karin go'aan kasta oo siyaasadeed hal aan labaweji lahayn, taageerayaasha xagjirnimada, awood u leeyahay inuu isaga dhimasho. Laakiin goboleedyada federaalka, ay sabab u tahay tayada simaha u fiican, waxa uu leeyahay hoggaamiye tamarta gaar ah.

Hogaamiyaha burjiga oo muuqda Second - waa madaxweynaha xiligan ee Russia Vladimir Putin. Inkastoo jiritaanka dhibaatooyinka nolosha dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee gobolka, falalka ay ugu horayn waxaa taageera dadweynaha. Putin, dhab ahaantii, ma laha go'an dhamaystiran oo sifo tayada noocan ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxa uu leeyahay maya tayada codkarnimada. Inkastoo ay ka maqnaayeen oo ka mid ah muuqaalada caan hoggaamiye qaran, qof tani sii socoto in ay dadka caanka ah.

Ka mid ah kuwa nool, tusaale ahaan ugu duwanyihiin hogaamiyaha "daahir ah" burjiga waa Fidel Castro. kacaan sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda The, afhayeenka cajiib ah, kabtanka guul leh sigarka Havana joogto ah afkiisa, wuxuu helay xujo ilaa haatan unshakable, in tayada qofka mahad. Oo isna wuxuu sameeyey oo kaliya ma ku guuleystay ixtiraamka iyo saas faleynin oo dadkiisa, waxa uu gaari xornimada buuxda oo Cuba. Magaciisa waxaa lagu yaqaan in gees kasta oo caalamka ah, sheekada ee uu noloshiisa ku hareereysan HALO sharaf, oo sannado badan runtii kuwa caqliga leh inay xukumaan dalkooda. Qaar badan oo ka fikirayn oo uu ku xukumay sida kaligii talisnimada ah, laakiin waa in waxaannu xusuusan nahay in ay tahay foomkan maamulka iyo hanti burjiga, inta badan ma aqoonsana wax ka mid ah tartanka isku midka ah.

Fidel Castro - qabanqaabiyaha ifbixii iyo kacdoonkii badan, uu si shakhsi ah uu ku lug lahaa dagaalka, uu ka badbaaday 638 isku day dil. The saddexaad ee taariikhda aadanaha oo dhererka guddiga, laba jeer soo galay Guinness Book of Records, Fidel Castro, "khatarta" si uu naftiisa la mid ma aha inta badan "hoggaamiyaha geesinimada" afjaro - iskutallaabta dusheeda ama dab, by sun ama kelinimada xumida - laakiin sariirtiisii, oo colal qaraabada, tiro badan oo taageerayaasha iyo kuwa raacsan.