Great Northern War 1700-1721: ugu weyn ee dhacdooyinka, marxaladaha iyo jilayaal

Northern War Great ee 1700-1721., Kala dhawaad rubac qarni ah, ma aha oo kaliya ahaa mudada labaad ee taariikhda gobolka Ruush, laakiin sidoo kale beddelay fallaadhaha ee saaxadda caalamka. Russia ayaa helay ma aha oo kaliya outlet ah in ay badda bari iyo kordhiyo dhulkeeda, laakiin sidoo kale u dhaqaaqay darajo ee awood, kaas oo hadda u lahaa in la tixgeliyo dunida.

Siyaasadda dibadda ee Peter aan, sababaha dagaalka

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Tsar Peter la Qolol carshiga sida ugu da'da toban, full of kelyaha uu ka qaatay kaliya ee 1689. Waqtigaa in Safaaradda Grand oo ahaa boqorkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa ku suurtagashay in ay hesho meel ka baxsan Russia iyo dareemayaa faraqa. In sano ee 1695-1696 ka badan khibrad islaaxiyiinta Tsar go'aansaday inuu isu cabbiro la Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda oo bilaabay olole Azov. Qaar ka mid ah gool ayaa la gaarey, waxaa la qabtay qalcaddii Azov, gacanta u xaqiijistay soohdimaha koonfureed ee gobolka, laakiin si aad u hesho marin buuxa u hesho Badda Madow Peter ma guulaysan.

Dib u qaabaynta ciidanka iyo in la abuuro raxan ka badan oo casri ah, Peter waxaan go'aansaday inuu ku laabto dalkoodii oo ay heli karaan badda bari, sidaas samaynta Russia awood badda. Ingria iyo Karelia, taas oo loo diiday by Swedish xataa waqtiyada ay dhibtoodaan, ha siiyo nasasho u Boqortooyada-reformer. Waxaa jiray xaalad kale - aad u "garabka qabow" in wafdi Ruush Riga madax Peter. Sayidka, War Northern ee 1700-1721, dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee u jeesanaysa koorsada ee taariikhda dunida, waayo, wuxuu ahaa Russia ma aha oo kaliya go'aan siyaasadeed, laakiin sidoo kale arrin sharaf.

Bilowgii iska hor imaad ah

In 1699, kii ayaa loo Alliance Northern u dhexeeya Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Denmark, Saxony, iyo boqortooyada Ruush. Ujeedada ururka ahayd inay ku buriyaan Sweden, mid ka mid ah awoodaha ugu saameynta badan waqtiga. dal kasta raad danihiisa gaarka ah iyo lahaa sheegashada dhul ka dhanka ah dadka iswiidhishka ah. Great Northern War 1700-1721 si kooban loo qaybiyaa afar muddooyinka ugu muhiimsan.

Muddada 1700-1706 GG. - ugu horeysay oo ugu guulaha badan, waayo, Russia. In 1700, waxaa jiray dagaal koowaad ee Narva, halkaas oo ay ciidamada Ruush looga adkaaday. Markaas hindisaha military ka gacmaha horjeeda maray. In 1706, Ruush adkaaday ciidamada Swedish-Polish hoos Kalisz. Peter aan si walba isku dayay tago sokeeye ee August II - King of Dhexe, laakiinse boqorkii Swedish weli kala jabeen isbahaysiga. Russia keligiis ayuu hadhay iyo raxan awood iyo ciidan ee Charles XII.

Wejigii labaad ee dagaalkii Waqooyi

Great Northern War 1700-1721, dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan kuwaas oo xiriir la leh mucaaradka kaliya ee Ciidamada Swedish-Ruush iyo maraakiibta guurtay marxaladda soo socota. 1707 -1709 sano. Waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa marxaladda labaad ee dagaalka Ruush-Swedish. Waxa uu noqday tub ah. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah dhinacyada dagaallamaya ayaa dhisayo ay xoogga kordhay tirada ciidanka iyo hubka. Karl XII lahaa fikradda ah in lagu soo qabto qaar ka mid ah dhulalka Ruush. Laakiinse aakhirkeedu wuxuu waxaan doonayay inaan si buuxda u goostaan Russia.

Ruush Tsar, markeeda, riyoodaan oo ka mid ah dalalka Baltiga iyo ballaarinta dhulkooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda caalamiga fadilay soo horjeeda. United Kingdom ayaa gargaar la siinayo ma Russia iyo jid kasta oo saaxadda caalamka si ay u bixiyaan taageero siyaasadeed ee Sweden. Northern War Great ee 1700-1721. Waxa uu noqday daal labada dhinac, laakiin ma jiro heshiis xabbad joojin ah oo dhexdhexaad ah oo ciqaab ah isku mid ma ahayn.

oo u socota xagga soohdinta reer Russia, ciidamada Swedish qabsadeen dhulka ee dhulka, qorsheyneysa in ay u guuraan Smolensk. Bishii August 1708 dalka Iswiidan ka soo gaaray dhowr guul taatikada iyo go'aansaday inuu aado Ukraine, oo taageero ka Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Laakiin tirada ugu badan ee yaroow Yukreeniyaan iyo Cossacks fudud Arkaa iswiidhishka sida gardarrada ah, kuwaas oo la siinayo iska caabin ah universal. In June 1709 waxaa uu ahaa dagaal ah Poltava, kaas oo noqday tub dagaalka ah. Peter aniga iyo Guud uu adkaaday Sweden. Charles iyo Mazepa u cararay Turkey, lakiin waxa uu diiday inuu saxiixo dhiibay. Sayidka, War Northern ee 1700-1721, dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee ka dhacay gayiga Russia, Sweden waxaa dhab ahaan laga badiyay.

Muddada saddexaad oo iska hor imaad

Laga soo bilaabo 1710-1718 GG. Wajiga saddexaad ee iska hor imaad u dhexeeya labada dal. The dhacdooyinka of War Northern ee 1700-1721. Muddadan aan ka yarayn ahaa xooggan. In 1710, waxaa dib u bilaabay jiritaankeeda Alliance Northern ah. Iyo Sweden, markeeda, waxaa loo qeybin karo dagaalka ku Turkey. In 1710 waxay u sheegeen dagaal on Russia, oon daahiyaan ciidan faro badan naftooda iyo ma jidaynayey Peter si uu dharbaaxo weyn oo si Sweden.

Marka ay ugu badantahay, tallaabadaas oo la odhan karaa muddada dagaallo diblomaasiyadeed, tan iyo markii dagaalka ugu weyn ee laga sameeyey xadad ah. Great Britain isku dayay inay ku buriyaan Russia iyo ma siin in ay weeraro Europe. Iyo Russia, ayaa dhanka kale, in la dhiso xiriir siyaasadeed oo la France. In 1718, heshiis nabadeed la saxiixday laga yaabaa, laakiin dhimashadii kedis ah Charles XII lagu guda jiro hareeraynta ah ee qalcadda leh ee Norway, waxay keentay in isbedel of Boqortooyada, oo in muddo ah riixay saxiixa nabadda. Sayidka, War Northern ee 1700-1721, si kooban oo conventionally qaybsan 4 marxaladood, ma yabooho guul Sweden sida ugu horreysa ee 1718, laakiin Queen ah Ulrika Eleonora ayaa rajeynayay caawimaad ka baxsan.

wajiga ugu danbeeya ee howlgallada military ee dagaalkii Waqooyi

wajiga ugu danbeeya ee howlgallada military - 1718-1721 GG. - taariikhyahanadu tilmaamay muddo dadban. colaad firfircoon ee aan sameeyay muddo saddex sano ah. Entry galay dagaal UK dhinaca of Sweden siiyey kalsooni la soo dhaafay in uu guul ay suurtagal tahay. Si aan si la siiyo Russia ka dhigteen in dalalka Baltiga, beesha caalamku diyaar u ahayd inay dib u dhigto dagaalada ciidamada. Laakiin caawimaad dhabta ah ciidamada British lahaa taageerayaasha lahayn, iyo raxan ah Ruush adkaaday gasiiradaha Saaremaa iyo Grengam sidoo kale dhowr olole guul lahaa ciidamada Ruush. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd saxiixa ku Treaty of Nystad.

Natiijada of War Northern ah

Great Northern War 1700-1721, dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan oo keentay in guuldaradii dhamaystiran oo Sweden, ayaa noqotay "window in Europe", taas oo keliya ma aha keenay Russia si heer caalami ah oo cusub, laakiin sidoo kale la siiyaa fursad ay ku tartamaan masraxa adduunka iyadoo lahelso horumartay Yurub.

Czarist Russia noqday boqortooyadii ah. Russia ayaa helay aqoonsi saaxadda caalamka. Lifaaqaaya territory Ruush hooyo iyo helitaanka Maraykanka Baltic ka dhacay. Iyo natiijada ka ahaa dhismaha magaalo cusub, oo ay ku jiraan St. Petersburg. Oo aad u kordhay awood badda ee gobolka. Russia ayaa noqday xisbi suuqa caalamiga ah.