Marka baabuurta marka hore u muuqday in Russia?

Marka baabuurta marka hore u muuqday in Russia? Intaadan ka jawaabin su'aashan, waxaan u baahan nahay in la fahmo fikradda ah waa gaari waxa.

Waa maxay gaariga

Erayga "gaari" wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba qaybood. "Auto" - waa ka soo jeedo Greek iyo waxay ka dhigan tahay "is" iyo "dhaqdhaqaaqa" ee hab Laatiin "dhaqdhaqaaqa".

Waxaa soo baxday in gaariga - waa qalab in si madax-bannaan dhaqaajin karin. Taasi waa, qaab-dhismeedka this waa in ay hab motor u gaar ah - uumi, gaaska, korontada, shidaal, naaftada - iyadoo aan loo eegayn waxa, oo kaliya in ay u isticmaalaan in ay soo jeedin giraangirta. Sidaas daraaddeed, baabuur ugu horeeyay ee u muuqday in Russia waqti ay abuurtay qaar ka mid ah design nin saanac ahu, ay awoodaan in ay u guurto oo aan gargaarka ee jar faraska iyo nin muruqa ah ee dadaalka.

Weli awoowayaasha warshadaha ee guryaha baabuurta waa in la tixgeliyaa sida "lefties" Ruush kan waxaa lagu khasbi karaa inuu u dhaqaaqo naqshado iyaga oo aan ka qayb fardaha oo kale, oo aan ku xuso iyaga inaysan cadaalad aheyn.

asalka ah ee warshadaha ee guryaha baabuurta

History of gaariga ugu horeysay Ruush bilaabay November 1, 1752 ee St. Petersburg. Waxaa ugu horeeyay ayaa lagu muujiyay qaadee afarta taayir leh, taas oo aysan awoodin in ay ku socdaan oo aan gargaarka fardaha iyo xayawaanka kale qabyada ah. Waxa ay ahayd hab bir ah ayaa lagu wadaa in mooshin iyadoo la kaashanayo irdaha si gaar ah loogu iyo dadaalada dhanka muruqa ah oo nin keliya. alaabtii qaadi karaan, marka lagu daro wadaha, laba rakaab kale oo sidaas u dhaqaaqay xawaare 15 km / h. Designer of mishiinka ahaa Serf-baray caadi ah, ku noolaa gobolka Nizhny Novgorod - Shamshurenkov Leonty Lukyanovich. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe farsamo, dabcan, ma la oran karo waa baabuur, laakiin in aan la gaadhigii.

Inta badan u dhaw in ay yaqaanaan noo aragtida gaariga uu ahaa naqshadeeye a Ruush Ivan Petrovich Kulibin.

markabka Kulibina

Qaab-dhismeedka, Abuurtay Kulibin koobnaa jiifku saddex taayir leh on kaas oo kursiga rakaabka double ayaa lagu rakibay. Darawalka qudhiisa, waxaa ku sugnaa ka dambeeya kursiga ku jiray cadaadis jeedin ku shubtaa on labada lugtooda, ee la xidhiidha wareeg ah hab aan giraangirta. Crew Kulibina gaar ahaan cajiib ah oo ka kooban ku dhawaad dhammaan qaybaha muhiimka ah ee design ka gaari mustaqbalka, iyo waxa uu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee loo isticmaalo in qaadee wareegaayo geerka uu, qalab, saa'idka ah iyo giraangirta ku istaago.

ah ee baabuurta ugu horeysay ee Russia

In 1830, K. Yankevich oo ahaa sayidkayga ayaa qiray Arrimaha kormeerayaasha, si wadajir ah ula caawiyayaashiisa soo ururay "Bystrokat" - mishiinka is-gano taayir leh engine uumi ah. engine wuxuu lahaa qalab ku salaysan naqshado cutubyo awood uumi I. I. Polzunova, ME Cherepanov iyo P. K. Frolova. Sida shidaalka ah, sida laga soo xigtay hindisa ah, waxay ahayd in loo isticmaalo dhuxusha geed.

design waxa uu ahaa wheel a daboolan baabuur, taas oo uu bixiyo, marka lagu daro meel darawalka, iyo qolka kale oo rakaab ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hab ay ahayd mid aad u eheeyn oo ay adag tahay in ay isticmaalaan. Sidaa darteed, design ee mishiinka cadeeyay inuu yahay karin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ahaa gaari ugu horeysay gudaha dalka Ruushka, kaas oo dhab ahaan la tixgelin karo mashiinka a self-gano dhabta ah la engine uumi ah.

muuqaalka kore ee engine in ordi karaa shidaal, qaxtootiga u ah horumar kale ee baabuurta, maadaama ay ahayd kii, ay sabab u tahay in ay size yara is haysta, waxay noqon kartaa il xoog wadista baabuurta mustaqbalka.

The baabuurta marka hore la matoorada sari gudaha ee Russia

Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan iyo cilmi qaar ka mid ah, gaadhiga ugu horeysay la engine sari gudaha waxaa la dhisay sanadkii 1882 in magaalada yar ee Volga ah. The qorayaasha ka mid ah mashiinada ay ahaayeen injineero iyo Putilov Hlobil. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waraaqaha rasmiga ah, kalsoonaan karo xaqiijin this, si helay iyo waxa aan ahaa. Sidaa darteed, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in baabuurta aad ugu horeysay ee Russia, qalabaysan a matoorada dareere-shidaalka ayaa laga keeno dibadda.

In 1891 Vasily Navorotskim, shaqeeyeen sidii editor ah oo mid ka mid ah wargeysyada Odessa ee Russia ayaa la keeno baabuur Faransiis "Panhard Levassor." Waxaa soo baxday in markii ugu horeysay in our baabuur shidaalka dalka arkay dadka degan Odessa.

Ka hor inta aan Empire Ruush ah, caasimadda ah ee horumarka ee foomka baabuurta shidaalka gaadhay sano oo keliya 4 ka dib. August 9, 1895 St. Petersburg arkay mishiinka is-gano shidaal ee ugu horraysay ee. Wax yar ka dib, dhowr ka mid ah baabuurta, kuwaas oo la keenay caasimada.

Sida muuqata, muuqaalka kore ee lagu daydo keeno suuqa caalamiga ah ayaa lagu riixay inuu ka tallaabo iyo injineerada design gudaha.

gaariga marka hore la engine sari a Russia ee

In 1896 at the bandhig Nizhny Novgorod la daawado dadweynaha la soo bandhigay baabuur shirka si buuxda gudaha, qalabaysan engine baatrool ah. waxaa gaariga la odhan jiray "Car Frese iyo Yakovlev," sharaf of samaynta ay - E. A. Yakovleva iyo P. A. Freze. Yakovlev Warshad soo saarta gudbinta iyo engine waayo baabuurka. Jiifku, giraangiraha iyo jidhka laftiisa soo saaray Warshadda Frese. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma sheegi karno in muuqaalka kore ee gaariga Ruush ahayd mudnaanta kaliya ee injineerada Ruush.

model Western for gaariga Ruush

Inta badan, Frese iyo Yakovlev soosaarka uu mashiinka loo isticmaalo waayo-aragnimo ah ee naqshadeeye Jarmalka Benz, iyo heerka la qaado by gaarigiisa "Benz Victoria", taas oo ay adigoo booqanaya 1893 Exhibition ee Chicago, halkaas oo uu ku soo bandhigay, sida wax dhisid iyo ka helay ay muuqaalka kore ee gaariga gudaha waa mid aad la mid ah saamiga Jarmal.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in aad bixiso cashuur ah injineerada Ruush, gaariga ma aha nuqul oo kulligiis leedahay ee dhigiisa ah shisheeye. Jiifku, jidhka iyo baabuur gudaha powertrain ayaa si weyn u soo hagaagtay, taas oo ay badatay in saxaafadda wakhtiga, si dhow ula socota xaalada iyo horumarkii ugu dambeeyay ee laga helay duurka, iyo waxay Been Abuuran.

beegyada uu u qoran makiinadaha guriga, iyo sidoo kale sawiro, aan la sii raagayaan. All xukummadii gaariga ku salaysan nool ka wakhtigaas, sharaxaada iyo sawiro. Dhab ahaantii, xitaa waxaa lama yaqaan sida badan waxaa laga soo saaray dhamaan mashiinada ee taxanahan. Laakiin kiis kasta, waxay ahaayeen baabuur ugu horeysay ee Russia, kaas oo wax soo saarka serial baabuurta Ruush.

line The dhammayn for koowaad ee baabuurta shidaalka

Taariikhda gaariga, ururiyay Frese iyo saaxiibkiis, si deg deg ah ku dhamaaday. In 1898, injineer iyo industrialist Yakovlev dhintay, in, dhab ahaantii, waxay ahayd bilowgii dhamaadka lahaa curadyada reer binu warshadaha ee guryaha baabuurta. Saaxiibkiis dhimasho Frese lagu qasbay in ay soo iibsadaan matoorada baabuurta dibadda, kaas oo, Dabcan, waxay ahayd mid aad u khasaari isaga for. In 1910, wuxuu ka iibiyey oo dhan wax soo saarka la aasaasay Ruush-Baltic deked markab.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiqada ah in baabuurta ugu horeysay ee wax soo saarka gudaha Ruush ayaa mahad Yakovlev iyo Frese, weligiis qoro taariikhda warshadaha ee guryaha baabuurta, iyo sidoo RBVZ ahayd tallaabada xigta ee horumarinta wax soo saarka baabuurta Ruush.

Ruush-Baltic warshad carload (RBVZ)

The brand baabuur Ruush ugu horeysay si rasmi ah u magacaabay "Russo-Balt". waxaa ka hoosaysay, sanad ka hor inta iibsashada warshad Frese, xagaagii 1909, shirkadda soo saaray gaariga ugu horeysay ee ay wax soo saarka gaar ah.

Baabuurta ee brand this ayaa xaqiijiyay naftooda sida xoogan oo lagu kalsoonaan karo, in Xaqiijiyay guusha baabuurta ka qayb ka waddaa long-distance, tartamada baabuurta iyo xitaa in dibad-baxyada oo caalami ah. Run ahaantii in mid ka mid ah baabuurta, oo la sii daayey ee 1910 ka yar astaanta "C-24" Waxaa-diiwaan, 4 sano ee hawlgalka ayaa ka gudbay 80 Km kun. la'aan jaba iyo dayactirada waaweyn. Xitaa garaashka Imperial kaalinta amar labada tusaale ee baabuurta ee 1913, "K-12" iyo "C-24".

60% of raxan gaariga ciidanka Ruushka ka koobnaa mashiinada "Russo-Balt". Waxaa intaa dheer, geedka iibsaday ma aha oo kaliya baabuurta, laakiin sidoo kale jiifku ay si loogu isticmaalo gaadiid gaashaaman.

Dhab ahaantii muhiim ah waa in ku dhowaad dhammaan qaybaha, qaybaha iyo habab ee warshadda ayaa waxaa soo saara u gaar ah. Abroad iibsaday taayir oo keliya, saa'idka kubada, iyo aaladaha ka cadaadiska saliid.

RBVZ soo saaro baabuur tiro badan, iyo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid halkaas joogay interchangeability ah gebi ahaanba unugyada iyo qaybo ka.

In 1918 shirkadda la qarameeyo loona sii taariikhda labada warshad gaashaaman.