Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas: Biography, xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh, siyaasadda gudaha, dhimashada

Taariikhda saxda ah ee dhalashada la aqoon Vytautas. On sharaxaada sare ee qorna taariikhyahan ayaa soo gaarnay heer ah in uu ku dhashay agagaarka 1350. Grand Duke The of Lithuania Vytautas ahaa ina adeer u ah iyo Algirdas Keistut markay dhashaan oo ma sheegan in ay xukunta gobolka. Booskiisa sarreeya ka mid ah isku wadanka yihiin, ayuu ku dooday sanado badan in badan oo dagaalo sokeeye iyo shisheeye.

Race for awoodda

In 1377 wuxuu adeerkiis ku dhintay Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania Algirdas. Power maray wiilkiisii Jagiello. Keystut in uu ahaa Troki Duke, ayay qiray adeer sare oo ku soo laabtay kiisaska uu deg-deg ah - anti Catholic-Saliibiyiintu ka aasaasay Baltics ku amray ciidamada. Jagiello, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka baqay adeerkiis. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa kordhay talo shaki badan ku qiyaas.

Jagiello galay isbahaysi la Saliibiyiintu si uu dhaxalka u diidaan Keistut. Si dhakhso ah u dagaal sokeeye, oo waxaa ka soo qeyb mustaqbalka Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas. In 1381 si wadajir ah ula aabbihiis, ayuu adkaaday Jagiello. Kęstutis si kooban u noqday oo ahaa taliyihii dalka oo dhan, iyo Vytautas - uu dhaxalka lahaa.

dagaal sokeeye

Horeba in sanadka soo socda - in 1382, in Lithuania, caasinimo ah ka gees ah ka qarxay Keistut dowladda. Wada jir ah ula Vytautas uu qabtay oo waxaa la ceejiyo oo xabsi ah. Wiilka dareerayay domain ee Order Teutonic ah. Saddex sano ka dib, Poland iyo Lithuania galay urur shaqaale, sidaas wax ku ool ah darsadeen gobolka hal. Jagiello dhaqaaqay inuu magaalada si Krakow. Markaas Vytautas sameeyey by laabto adeer ah Duchy Grand ee Xuquuqda taliyaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khilaafka ugu dhakhsaha badan u dhaxeeya qarxay xoog cusbooneysiineyso. Vytautas mar kale u lahaa in ay si ay Saliibiyiintu ka soo carara, kaasoo uu kula noolaa muddo saddex sano ah ee loo diyaarinayo in ay dalkiisa soo laabtay guul. In 1392-m, ka dib markii taxane ah oo dagaalo walaalaha saxiixday heshiis ostrów. Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas mar kale dib u horyaalka. Si rasmi ah, inuu isaga qudhiisu qiray wiilkaagiiba ah boqorka reer Poland, laakiin taariikhyahanadu rumeeyey waxay ahayd in 1392 taariikhda bilowga ah madax banaanideeda Guddiga ka.

Ololaha ka dhanka ah Tartars ah

Ka dib markii Dagaalkii Sokeeye, Vytautas ugu danbeyn bixin karin fiiro gaar ah u colka dibadda ee Lithuania. On soohdimaha koonfureed ee dalka wadaagtaa on steppe ka, taas oo ay ka taliyaan ee tataarka ahaa. In 1395 ee khan of Horde Golden Tokhtamysh guuldarro burburiyo ciidamada Tamerlane ee. Isagu wuxuu u Vilna carareen, waxaa doonaya magan.

Maxaa ku jira xaalad this dhigay Vytautas? Grand Duke of Lithuania, kuwaas oo Biography waa tusaale ka mid ah Taliyaha firfircoon kuwaas oo dhan deriska khatar la diriray, ma laga yaabaa inuu seego fursad noocan oo kale ah. Waxa uu dadka da'da ah Tokhtamysh oo waxay bilaabeen inay soo ururiyaan ciidamada weerarada mustaqbalka on steppe ka. In 1397, ciidanka amiirka gudbay Don iyo, oo aan la kulmay iska caabin ah oo gaar ah, oo la dilo dhacay tataarka la dhigto. Marka wiiqay faraha ugu danbeyn go'aansaday in ay dagaal u qalmay si cad u ahaayeen kuwo aan in iyada raallinimo. Lithuanians adkaaday steppe iyo ka qaaday in ka badan kun oo maxaabiis ah.

Laakiin taasi kama aysan celinin Vytautas - Grand Duke of Lithuania. xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ku saabsan Crimean ah isaga dhalisay in aan si Jasiiradda awoodo aan, halkaas oo reer guuraa tago oo xajin horjeeda Tokhtamysh Xoolo ay. ciidanka Lithuanian First marnaba ilaa iyo haatan soo gashay kaalinta galay territory cadowga. Vytautas rajaynayay inuu guul u waxyoonay Pope inuu ku dhawaaqo digsiga-European saliibiyiinta ka dhanka ah tataarka ah. Haddii olole noocan oo kale ah run ahaantii bilaabay oo si guul ah ku dhamaaday, oo amiir u tirin karin horyaalka reer boqor, iyo kor u badan ee gobollada la isku bari.

Battle of River Vorskla ah

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saliibiyiinta hoos bacdi ee Rome ma dhicin. Dhanka kale, tataarka ee ay awoodaan si loo xaliyo khilaafaadka gudaha iyo midoobaan si ay u jebiyaan colka Western. Steppe by Han Timur Qutlugh iyo temnik Yedigei keentay. Waxay soo wada urursaday ciidankiisii badan oo tobanaan kun oo askari.

Waa maxay iyaga ka soo horjeeda ayaa laga yaabaa iyo kuwa u tartami karto hoos banner Vytautas - Grand Duke of Lithuania? siyaasadda qoyska taliyaha ogol yahay isaga si aad u hesho tanaasul u dhexeeya qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada Lithuanian. In meesha ugu horeysa ee isaga ka soo hor ahayd dhibaato ah ee xiriirka la leh dadweynaha Ruush Orthodox ku nool aagga weyn ee dalka. Vytautas qaaday daryeelka oo ka mid ah dadka iyo taliyayaal ay, sidaas darteedna ay awoodaan si ay u helaan sumcad wanaagsan.

Uu fikrad ah olole ka dhan ah ciqaab tataarka in lagu muujiyo ma aha oo kaliya in dadka ay Orthodox, laakiin sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah amiirradii dalka Ruushka madax banaan. Wada jir ah ula Vytautas isku raacay in wax laga qabto oo ahaa taliyihii Smolensk. caawimo badan ayaa sidoo kale ka Poland iyo xataa Order Teutonic u yimid. Catholics Kuwani isku raaceen si ay u sameeyaan hor midaysan ka dhanka ah steppe ah. Ugu dambeyntii, la Vytautas ahaayeen tataarka daacad u ah Tokhtamysh.

ciidanka ah oo ku saabsan 40 kun oo qof u dhaqmeen bari ee 1399. dagaalka ayaa go'aan ka dhacay on River Vorskla ah - addoon ka mid ah Dnieper ah. ciidanka Vytautas horeysay weerar, iyo xataa ayay u suurtagashay in ay wax miiran tataarka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, reer guuraaga ah qeybtii labaad ka hor qaaday dhaqdhaqaaq ku garaaceen xulka Lithuania. Xilligan la joogo muhiim tataarka ku dhuftay gadaalka dambe ee Nasaarada, iyo iyaga riixay webiga. dagaalka ayaa ku dhamaaday guul darro. Vytautas qudhiisu waa la dhaawacay oo dirqi kaga baxsaday. Ka dib markii failure this, isna wuxuu lahaa inay iska ilaawaan ballaarinta of steppe iyo horyaalka reer boqor. In dagaalka ku dileen amiirradii badan Ruush iyo Lithuanian: taliyayaashii Polotsk, Bryansk iyo Smolensk.

urur cusub oo la Poland

Ka dib guuldaradii ugu awood Vorskla Vytautas waxaa hanjabay. Waxa uu badiyay badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaasha, halka Lithuania xoojiyey uu soo horjeeda cusub. Waxay noqday Svidrigaylo Olgerdovich - walaalka ka yar Prince Jagiello iyo Vitebsk. Xaaladahan, Vytautas go'aansaday inuu galo urur cusub oo la Poland. Dhamaadkii 1400, uu kula kulmay Jagiello dhow Grodono, halkaas oo ciqaab u saxiixay dukumintiga, taasoo ku calaamadsan marxaladda cusub ee horumarinta xiriirka ee Krakow iyo Vilnius.

Maxay ahayd nuxurka heshiiska iyo sababta ay muhiim u ahayd? Jagiello aqoonsaday lahaanshaha noolaa Vytautas Lithuania, kaas oo wax ku ool ah u diiday Svidrigaylo wixii xuquuq ah oo carshiga ku. Uu halgan waa wax aan waxba tarayn iyo cad is-jabinta. Dhinaceeda, Duke Lithuanian Grand ee Vytautas uu dhintay ka dib aqbaleen inay noqotay carshiga si Jogaila, ama uu. Haddii waxa aan ahaa, iyo, waa carshigii Lithuania ee ahayd in ay u guuraan dadka soo doortay codka dabaqadda sare. Isla mar ahaantaana oo polish ah oo uu damaanad qaadayay xuquuqda loo siman yahay si boyars Orthodox Ruush. Heshiiskan wuxuu noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Heshiiska ee Vilnius iyo Radom.

Colaadda la Knights Teutonic

Dagaalka lumay tataarka ahaa xoog, laakiin aan dharbaaxo dilaa ah. Soon Vytautas ka soo kabsaday. Xarunta uu fiiro ahaa xiriirka la Order Teutonic ah. Saliibiyiinta muddo tobannaan sano qaar badan oo dalka ka Lithuania iyo Poland qaaday, iyagoo ku hawlan dagaal sokeeye. Haddaba ciqaab bay gaashaanbuur la ahaayeen, oo sidaas daraaddeed, hortooda ku fureysaa suurtagalnimada ee isku duba howlgallada ka dhanka ah Allied Order Teutonic ah.

Vytautas uu xiiseynayo laabtay Samogitians dalka iyo Jagiello doonayay inuu dib ugu soo Eastern Pomerania iyo Helminskuyu iyo Michalowski dalka hesho. Dagaalka bilaabay kacdoonkii ee Samogitia. saldanad Teutonic li'i taageeray Vytautas. Grand Duke of Lithuania, Biography gaaban kaas oo ah taxane ah oo ololayaal mileteri ee hadda socda, go'aansaday in tani ay tahay fursad fiican in ay weerar ku qaadaan ay Saliibiyiintu ka.

Ololaha ka dhanka ah Order Teutonic ah

In Wajiga koowaad ee dagaalka labada dhinac cagajiif u dhaqmeen. Guusha ugu weyn ee ay polish ah oo Lithuanians kaliya ahaa qabashada qalcadda ee Bydgoszcz. soo horjeeda ugu dhaqsaha badan soo gabagabeeyay heshiis nabadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahayd muddo kooban ah, isagoo soo horjeeda sugina loo baahan yahay si loo abaabulo kaydka ah. Master of the Order Ulrich von Yunginen diiwaan taageerada Sigizmunda Hungarian Boqorka Lyuksemburga. nuujiyo kale oo Jarmalka u noqday calooshood shisheeye. By waqtiga dib cadaawadda ay Saliibiyiintu ka lahaa ciidan size ee 60 kun oo qof.

ciidanka Polish inta badan ka koobnaa oo saraakiishiisii ah, in maleeshiyada la meydadka yar ay yimaadeen. Lithuanians taageeray Czech. Hogaamiye ahaa Yan Zhizhka - Hogaamiyaha Hussite caanka ah ee mustaqbalka. Waxaan ahaayeen dhinaca Vytautas iyo kooxda Ruushka, oo ay ku jiraan Prince of Novgorod Lengvenis. At Sokeeyaha golaha military ayaa go'aansatay inay jidadkooda oo kala duwan si ay u Marienburg tagaan - caasimadda ah ee Order Teutonic ah. Ciidamada Isbahaysiga lahaa qiyaastii u siman yihiin in ciidamada saliibiga ah (oo ku saabsan 60,000 oo qof).

dagaalka ee Grunwald

Haddii marxaladda koowaad ee dagaalka ka Knights Jarmal galeen Poland, hadda oo polish ah oo Lithuanians isu weeraray hantidii Amarka. July 15, 1410, waxaa jiray dagaal qiyaano of War Great (sida u bixiyey in qorna Lithuanian ahaa). ciidanka huwanta amray by Jagiello iyo Vytautas. Grand Duke of Lithuania, kuwaas oo sawir sawirka waa in buugaagta kasta oo ku saabsan taariikhda Dr Makumbe Yurub, hore u ahaa halyeey ka mid ah saffarro uu. Oo dhan ee waddankooda, iyo xataa cadaawayaashiisa jeclaa ee adkeysiga iyo dadaal taliyaha wixii uu gaaray gool uu. Oo isna wuxuu ahaa tallaabo ka ay awoodaan in ay uga takhalusi dalkooda khatarta wakiil Saliibiyiintu ka Catholic iska.

meel Steel qeexaya dagaalka u dhow magaalada Grunwald. Jarmalka ayaa halkan imid. Waxay xoogaysay ay, ay qoday qarisa dabin god oo calan kor u qori iyo wax toogan jiray oo sugayay cadowga. Ulaha iyo Lithuanians ugu dambayntii yimid oo qaaday jagooyinka ay. Jagiello ku degdegsanaa lahayn in marka hore ay weeraraan. Laakiin xilligan muhiim Vytautas go'aansaday in ay weeraraan Jarmalka aan amar ka haysan boqorkii reer Poland. Waxa uu u dhaqaaqay kooxdiisa ka hor ka dib markii ay Saliibiyiintu ay rasaas ku soo horjeeda ka dhan ah bombards u furay.

About saacad Knights isku dayeen in ay garaacday off weeraradii of Lithuanians iyo tataarka (at Vytautas adeegga sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa fardooley Crimean). Ugu dambeyntii, Marshal Order of Friedrich von Wallenrod amartay counterattack ah. Lithuanians waxay bilaabeen inay dib u laabasho. Waxaa loo maleynayay in dhaqdhaqaaq ah, bilaabaha wuxuu ahaa Vytautas - Grand Duke of Lithuania. Dhimashada Ciidamada Jarmal uu arkay hareereysan ay Saliibiyiintu ka lunsan oo ay nidaam habaysan. Wax kasta oo dhacay sida uuraysatay, oo captain. First, Knights waxay go'aansatay in Lithuanians ka cararaya in argagaxa iyo iyaga loola cararay xawaare buuxa, halka laga badiyay si dagaal ah. Marka qeyb ka mid ah ciidanka Jarmal gaaray xerada reer Vytautas, oo amiir u amartay in la xiro Jannooyinka iyo in ay go'doomiyaan cadowga. Howlgalka waxaa lagu meeleeyey ee saaran garbaha Novgorod amiir Lengvenis. Wuxuu niyad jabka leh hawsha ay qabanayaan.

Dhinaca kale, inta badan ciidammadii Teutonic la Poles la dirireen. Waxa ay u muuqatay in ay guul ku jiraa gacmaha Germany. Jagiello Warriors xitaa laga badiyay banner Krakow, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ugu dhakhsaha badan ku soo noqday si uu kursiga. Natiijada dagaalkan ku go'aansaday by galaya dagaal ee kaydka dheeraad ah in ay sugayaan in baal xaggiisa dambe galay. Ulaha u isticmaalaan wax ku ool ah ay Saliibiyiintu ka. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyo awr Vytautas lama filaan ah kooxda Jarmalka ka dhacday uu garabka taasoo sababtay in amarka ciidanka dharbaaxo dilaa ah. Master Jungingen ayaa lagu dilay dagaalka.

Xulafada ayaa ku guuleystay, iyo guusha waxaa loo dejiyay natiijada dagaalka. Taasi waxaa xigay hareeraynta ah guuleysan of Marienburg. Inkasta oo waxay lahayd in laga saaro, Jarmalka isku raacay in dhammaan dhulka ugu horeysay lagu qabtay siiyo iyo in ay bixiyaan qaansiin weyn. Ku guuleystay dagaalkii Weyn calaamadeeyay mustaqbalka jago xukuma ee gobolka, ururka ee Poland iyo Lithuania iyo qorrax dhaca amar Catholic ee Mareykanka bari. geesiga oo muuqda guriga ku soo laabtay Vytautas. Grand Duke of Lithuania dib u helay Samogitia, sida uu doonayo in uu ka hor colaadda.

Xiriirka Moscow

At Vytautas gabadhii kaliya Sophia ahaa. Wuxuu guursaday Prince of Moscow Vasily I - ina Dmitriya Donskogo. taliye Lithuanian isku dayeen in ay sii xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee wiilkii uu soddogga, inkastoo la soo dirro inuu doonayo inuu sii ballaarinta bari kharash ku ah dalalka oo Ruush. Laba Maraykanka ayaa ka soo horjeestay xarumaha siyaasadeed, kuwaasoo mid walba uu mideeyo kara dalalkan Bariga Slavic. Vytautas xataa baabtiisay xaflad Orthodox ka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib diinta soo galaya.

block ayaa lagu turunturoodo, waayo, xiriirka Moscow-Lithuanian noqday Smolensk. Grand Duke of Lithuania, Vytautas Ruush, isku dayay dhowr jeer in ay ku soo lifaaq. Waxa uu sidoo kale si firfircoon uga fara gelin ku ah siyaasadda gudaha oo ka mid ah Pskov iyo Novgorod Republic. Waxay soo diray Vytautas ciidanka, sida kiiska la Battle of Grunwald ahaa. Maaddaama ay dalalkan Grand Duke Ruush balaariyay ka baxsan awoodaha ay leedahay in ay bangiyada ka mid ah Oka iyo gobolka Moscow ee Mozhaisk.

Awow ah Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas ahaa ina Basil waxaan Vasiliy Temny II. Waxa uu kor u carshiga sida ilmo sabi ah ee 1425. Aabbihiis ogaa in Moscow uu leeyahay awood aad u yar in ay isku mar la diriraan Lithuanians iyo tataarka. Sidaa darteed, wuxuu si xoog leh u dhaliyay muranka soohdinta aabbihiis-in, ka fogaanaya dagaalka. Basil aan, dhimanayaan, codsaday in ay difaacaan Duke ee Vytautas cusub ka isfurnaashaha awoodda. Awow ah Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas ahaa Basil II. Waa xiriirka this uma ay oggolaan codsadeyaalka carshiga si aad u sameysato inqilaab.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

By dhammaadka nolosha Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas ahaa Boqortooyada ugu da'da weyn ee Yurub. In 1430, waxa uu ahaa 80 sano jir. Habeeynimadii of guuradii taliyaha siiyey shirweynaha in Lutsk, kaas oo lagu casuumay Jagiello, Sigizmunda Lyuksemburga (ugu dhakhsaha badan si ay u noqdaan boqor of Roman Empire Quduuska ah), legate ku le'daan, iyo amiirradii Ruush badan. Mid ka mid ah xaqiiqda ah in dhacdadan ayaa soo ururiyey taliyayaal badan oo awood leh, hore u sheegay in Vytautas ahaa mid ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta ugu muhiimsan ee uu waqti.

On Congress Lutsk hadlay rajada ah dabaaldega ninkii jir. Haddii uu qaaday horyaalka, u dhiganta waxa joogay Jagiello, in Lithuania ugu danbeyn noqon lahaa madax banaan oo aad hesho ilaalinta ee West ah. Ulaha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, iska caabiyay dabaaldega ah. Ma aysan dhicin. Vytautas wax yar ka dib markii uu dhintay Congress ee Troki, October 27, 1430. Uu meesha lagu aasayo weli la ogeyn. Vytautas ahaa Grand Duke of Lithuania waayo 38 sano. Waxa ay ahayd muddada uu xukunka ka talinaysay ee Gobolka. Ka dib markii amiirradii galay tiirsanaanta kama dambaysta ah ee Poland u dhacay. ururka ee labada dal u yeedhay Dawlada Dhexe.