Galicia-Volyn kibir: meesha juquraafi. Formation of kibir Galicia-Volyn

Si fiican u yaqaanna taariikhda, waxaad u baahan tahay maskax ka wakiil ah danaha Zaman, ruuxa ay waqti iyo jilayaasha muhiimka ah. Maanta waxaan qaadan doonaa yar safarka Russia ee Dr Makumbe dalkii picturesque ee Galicia iyo Volyn.

Waa maxay, Russia 12-13 qarniyo?

In meesha ugu horeysa - qaybsan dalalka yaryar, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ku nool yahay sharciyo u gaar ah oo uu leeyahay ay taliye u gaar ah (amiirka). Tani waxay ifafaale la odhan jiray kala qeybsanaan ka dhulgoosadka ah rus. madax kasta oo dadka ka hadlaya ee lahjad gaar ah oo af Ruush, taas oo ku xiran meesha juquraafi ahaan dhulka.

xiiso leh qalab kale oo bulshada dhulgoosadka of Russia. Taariikhyahanadu aqoonsado labo fasal - Kooxaha talada haya, oo ka kooban gobta (boyars raadayn), iyo fasalka ka mid ah yaroow ku tiirsan. Last bartey waxa had iyo jeer soo baxay wax badan oo dheeraad ah.

In magaalooyinka waaweyn, guriga waa in fasalka kale - saanacyadii. Dadkani waxay awood u leeyihiin cajiib ah in la abuuro wax asal ah. Thanks iyaga, muuqatay rinjiyeynta Gzhel iyo xardho qoryo, oo loo yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya in Russia laakiin sidoo kale dibadda. In dhawr eray, waxaan la hadlay oo ku saabsan Russia ee Dr Makumbe, wadi doontaa in ay si gaar ah u noqon taariikhda kibir Galicia-Volyn.

Earth ka tirsan kibir ah

Dawladdu waxay dhallinyarada, horumarinta oo bilaabay at Grand Prince Roman Mstislavovich koobnaa dalalka kala duwan. Maxay ahaayeen deegaannada? Dhismaha waxaa la aasaasay by Galician, Volyn, Lutsk, Polissya, Kholmsk of Zvenigorod iyo dalka Terebovlya. Sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah dhulka ee casriga ah Moldova, Transcarpathia, daraftiisa iyo Podlasie.

Sida xujooyinka kala duwan, kuwaas oo dalka kooban sameeyay ka madax Galicia-Volyn (goobta iyo dalalka deriska la ah ee gobolka dhallinyarada lagu tilmaami doonaa in cutubka xiga).

Location Duchy

In koonfur-galbeed ee Russia been ah kibir Galicia-Volyn. Juquraafi ahaan meesha ay urur cusub wuxuu ahaa cad faa'iido. Waxay isku daraa saddex dhinac:

• Waa in xarunta of Europe;
• cimilada raaxo leh;
• dhul beerashada, mar kasta keeni goosta wanaagsan.

Meesha ku haboon loogu tala galay iyo deriska kala duwan, laakiin sidaas maaha oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid ahaayeen saaxiibtinimo gobolka dhallinyarada.

In bari, tusmo dhallinyarada xuduud dheer la Kiev iyo kibir Turov-Pinsk. Xiriirka dadka walaaltinimo ee ka dhexeeya ahaayeen saaxiibtinimo. Laakiin dalalka galbeedka iyo waqooyiga aan si gaar ah siinay gobolka dhallinyarada. Poland iyo Lithuania ayaa mar walba rabay in la xakameeyo ku Galicia iyo Volyn, kaas oo ugu danbeyn gaadhay qarnigii 14aad.

In koonfureed ee dhinaca gobolka by dhinaca Horde Golden ah. Xiriirka Deriskeeda Koonfurta oo mar walba ku adag tahay. Tan waxa u sabab dhaqama kala duwan oo muhiim ah iyo joogitaanka dhulka lagu muransan yahay.

Taariikhda Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee

Madax kacay in 1199, at kulanka of laba duruufaha. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u macquul ah - helidda ku xigta labo meelaha dhaqan ahaan la mid ah (Galicia iyo Volyn) iyo dalalka deriska ah aan furfurnayn (The Kingdom of Poland iyo Orda Zolotaya ah). Shirka labaad ee - bixitaanka a tiradaasi siyaasadeed oo xoog leh - Prince Roman Mstislavovich. taliye caqli lahu waxay ahayd si fiican u ogaadaan in quruumaha more gobolka, fudud ee isaga in ay iska caabin cadowga caadi ah, iyo dhaqan ahaan ku dhow nabed ee gobolka isla. Uu fikrad bixisay, oo goor dambe oo qarnigii 12aad, waxbarashada cusub.

Yaa furmeen gobolka dhallinyarada? Oo barbariyiintiina of Horde ee Golden ay awoodaan in ay gariirin doonaa madax Galicia-Volyn. Horumarinta ee gobolka dhamaaday goor dambe oo qarnigii 14aad.

taliyayaashii caqliga leh

In ka badan 200 oo sano jiritaanka ee gobolka soo booqday dadka kala duwan ee awooda. taliyayaashii falsan - uubs dhab ah Galicia iyo Volyn. Sidaas daraaddeed, kuwa u suurtagashay in ay keenaan is dajiyaan oo nabadda aagga dulqaadasho this? Yaa ahaayeen dadkaas?

• Yaroslav Vladimirovich Osmomysl - horreeyay Roman Mstislavovich, first to dhulka ee su'aasha yimid. Waxaan ahaa awoodaan in ay si guul leh laftiisa adkeeyo afka Danube.
• Roman Mstislavovich - combiner Galicia iyo Volyn.
• Daniel Romanovich Galitsky - ina hooyo Roman Mstislavovich. Mar kale isu keenay dalkii reer kibir Galicia-Volyn.

taliyayaashii Xiga of kibir waxay ahaayeen ka yar xoog-ka yeeli. In 1392, wuxuu joogsaday si uu u jiro kibir Galicia-Volyn. Oo amiirradii waxay ku ahaayeen in ay iska caabin cadaawayaashiinna dibadda karin. Sidaas darteed, waxa ay noqotay Lithuania Volyn ah, Galicia u tageen inay Poland iyo Red rus - Hungary.

dad gaar ah ayaa abuuray kibir Galicia-Volyn. Oo amiirradii waxay ku, kuwaas oo guulaha lagu qeexay cutubka this, qeyb ka ah barwaaqo iyo guul of state dhallinyarada ee koonfur-galbeed Russia.

Xiriirka deriska iyo siyaasadda dibadda

dal awood leh oo colal ku kibir Galicia-Volyn. booska juquraafi ahaaneed ee gobolka dhallinyarada maldahan isku dhacyada la deriska. dabiiciga ah ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, tiirsan muddo gaar ah taariikhiga ah iyo taliyihii: waxaa jiray furasho dhalaalaya, sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa muddo iskaashiga khasabka Rome. Last fuliyo si ay u difaacaan oo polish ah.

Fatxi Roman Mstislavovich iyo Danilo Galitsky sameeyey gobolka dhallinyaro ah oo leh mid ka mid ah ugu adag ee Yurubta Bari. Prince qaatay combiner siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda oo xigmad leh xagga Lithuania, boqortooyada Poland iyo Hungary. Waxa uu u suurtagashay in ay faafin saameynta ay Kyiv rus ee 1202-1203 GG. Sidaas darteed, dadka Kiev waxba uma hadhin, laakiin si ay u aqbalaan oo taliye cusub u leeyihiin.

No wax ka yar xiiso iyo liibaanta siyaasadeed Danily Galitskogo. Marka uu ilmo, gayiga Volyn oo Galicia fowdo. Laakiin sida qof weyn, kii dhaxalka lahaa dhalinyarada in ay soo socda in wadadii aabbihiis. Marka Danilo Romanovich kasoo muuqdo kibir Galicia-Volyn. Prince aad bay u balaariyay dhul uu gobolka: deriskaaga bari iyo qayb ka mid ah Poland (oo ay ku jiraan - Lublin) LABAGEEDI.

Dhaqanka gaar ah

Taariikhda dhexdhexaadnimo muujinaysaa in gobol kasta saameynta abuuraa ay dhaqan u gaar ah oo dhab ah. Waa iyada oo dadka u aqoonsadaan.

sifooyinka dhaqanka oo ka mid ah madax-Galicia Volyn aad u kala duwan. Waxaan eegi doonaa Architecture-ka mid ah magaalooyinka Dr Makumbe.

kaniisadaha Stone iyo Daar wayn sifaha ku Galicia-Volyn kibir (Novgorod dhulka ahayd hodan ku ah dhismayaasha la mid ah). In qarniyadii 12-13 th, dugsiga gaarka ah ee naqshadda dhismaha ee dalalka Galicia iyo Volyn. Waxay nuugo dhaqanka ee labada fanaaniinta Western Yurub iyo farshaxanka ee dugsiga Kiev ee. saanacyadii Local ku abuuray masterpieces naqshadda sida Cathedral male ah in Vladimir-Volyn oo macbudka St. Panteleimon in Galich.

Weligiis galay taariikhda gobolka xiiso leh oo ku yaalla koonfurta of Russia - kibir Galicia-Volyn (meel juquraafi hore ayaynu ku garanaynaa). nooc ka mid ah taariikhda iyo dabeecadda qurux badan ayaa had iyo jeer isaga soo jiitay taageerayaal si ay u sahamiyaan dunida.