Features of falsafada qadiimiga ah

Ka hor inta ku hawlanaa falanqaynta of sifooyinka iyo isbedelka horumarka of sawir kasta oo cilmi ah qaarkood, waa in ay noqon shahaadada loo baahan yahay saxnaanta qaabka ugu taariikhiga ah ee isbeddellada kuwan. hab noocan ah oo kaliya siinayaa sii qaba xaaladaha falanqaynta in ay la socdaan horumarka ifafaale cilmiyaysan ee.

Ereyga "falsafada qadiimiga ah" dhexsameeysmo dhaxal ahaan falsafadeed ee qadiimiga ah Greece iyo Rome.

In ka badan laba tobankii socday dhismaha iyo horumarinta dugsiyada falsafada muhiimsan iyo isbeddellada dunida qadiimiga ah, iyo inta lagu jiro xilliga this helay magnitude a cajiib ah iyo muhiimadda xaddiga xigmadda dadka, aqoonta, iyo in ay qiimayn dheeraad qiimaha taas oo si fudud waa suurto gal ahayn. In dhinaca taariikhiga ah ee horumarinta falsafada qadiimiga ah afar, ilaa xad si cad u garan, muddo.

muddo Pre-Socratic falsafada qadiimiga, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in in uu waqti, dhab ahaantii, wuxuu ahaa bixitaanka iyo formation of ugub ah oo aan ugu yeedhaan "falsafada qadiimiga ah". The wakiillo la yaqaannaa waxa Zowjada, Anaximander, Anaximenes, kuwaas oo istaagay ee asal ahaan dugsiga caanka ah Milesian. Isla mar ahaantaana aan shaqeeyay iyo atomists - Democritus, Leucippus, aasaaska dialectics dhigay. Tilmaamo Bright falsafada qadiimiga muujiyey in shuqullada wakiilada dugsiga Eleatic, ugu horreeya oo dhan, Heraclitus Efesos. muddo waxaa loo diyaariyey iyo habka ugu horreeya ee aqoonta falsafada - sheego aragtidooda iyo doonayaan inay iyaga xaq yahay sida uu aamino ah.

Isku dayaysa in ay sharxaan dhacdo dabeeci ah, aqoonta nuxurka Cosmos iyo dunida aadanaha, Fikirka ah ee mabaadi'da asaasiga ah ee caalamka - kuwani waa dhibaatooyinka falsafada qadiimiga ah, taas oo uu xiiseynayo "pre-Socratic".

Classic, ama sida waxa loo yaqaan - muddo Socratic - waa ubax ah falsafada qadiimiga ah, xilligan la joogo ugu cad u muujiyey sifooyinka fikirka qadiimiga falsafada.

The "jilayaasha" ugu muhiimsan ee xilligan waxay ahaayeen Sophists weyn, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle. Muuqaaladan ugu weyn ee falsafada hore ee wajiga waa in aqoon yahanno ayaa isku dayay in uu dhex gelin dheeraad ah oo qoto dheer galay goobada of dhibaatooyin la helay by horreeyey. First of dhan, waa in la ogaadaa ay ka qaateen horumarin lahaa habka, halkii aqoon declarative-iwm ayay waxay ku isticmaaleen habka wada hadalka iyo caddaynta, taas oo keentay in horumarka degdeg ah in qaab aqoonta hal falsafadeed ee goobaha oo dhan, taasi oo markii dambe miiqeen off galay cilmiga madax banaan - xisaabta, fisigiska, Joqoraafi iyo Cilmiga dadka kale. The yahanno muddada classical (sidaas xitaa in suugaanta ee waxaa loo yaqaan mudada Socratic ah, horumarinta falsafada) wax yar ka yar hadlay oo ku saabsan arrimaha mabaadi'da asaasiga ah ee dunida, laakiin by jiidaya aragtida idealistic dunida, calaamadsan bilowgii dood weyn oo ku saabsan muhiimadda of waxbarista ee Maadiga iyo Niyadda. In Cilmigoodii falsafada gaar ahaan qadiimiga muujiyey in xaqiiqda ah in ay u saamaxdo ka mid noqoshada ee ilaahyadii Fasirka cilmiyaysan oo ka mid ah fikradaha of abuurka iyo dabeecadda. Plato iyo Aristotle ahaayeen kuwa marka hore muujisay xiisaha ay u qabto dhibaatooyinka xiriirka bulshada iyo gobolka.

Next, taariikhda falsafada qadiimiga ah waxaa sii by wakiilada waxbaridda Istoo'ikiin ah, ee Academy of Plato, EBikuras curiyay falsafada. Xilligan waxa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan hoos magaca muddada ilbaxnimada Greek - Hellenic. Waxaa lagu gartaa ay daciifaan kaalinta horumarinta aqoonta falsafada run ahaantii waa qayb Giriigga.

Tilmaamo garan wajiga Hellenistic ka kooban yahay in xaqiiqda ah in xiisadda shuruudaha qiimaha keentay in ay diidmada iyo diidmada maamulka xitaa ka hor, oo ay ku jiraan ilaahyada. Faylosuufiinta wac qofka in la raadiyo ilaha ay xoog, jirka iyo moral, si loo eego isku, mararka qaarkood keeni doonayay this u barta of qaabdarro, taasoo ku muuqata in waxbarista Stoics ah.

muddo Roman, cilmi qaar ka mid ah soo wac burburinta wajiga falsafada qadiimiga ah, oo iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan codadka quruxsan aan macquul ahayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in aan aqoonsado xaqiiqda ah ee decadence ah qaar ka mid ah falsafada qadiimiga ah, ay Barxo ee caqiidooyinka falsafada ah gobollada kale iyo dadyow kale. The wakiillo ka ugu caansan ee marxaladan ahaayeen Seneca iyo ka dib Stoics, Mark Avrely, ninba Lukretsy Carus. In ay view, falsafada gaar ahaan qadiimiga muujiyey dareenka korodhay in arrimaha sharraxaadda, dabeecadda iyo mudnaanta dhibaatooyinka gobolka on dhibaatooyinka shakhsiga. Muddadan, baxaya booska hoggaanka sawirka idealistic dunida ee la xiriirta Maadiga. Iyadoo dhalashada Masiixiga ah, falsafada qadiimiga ah si tartiib tartiib ah Galiyo la si ay u sameeyaan sabab u ah mabda'a aasaasiga ah ee fiqiga Dr Makumbe.

Dabcan, mid kasta oo marxaladda loo arkaa lahaa sifooyin u gaar ah. Laakiin falsafad qadiimiga ah ayaa sidoo kale leeyahay guryaha in ay leeyihiin qof transtemporal - caadiga ah ee xilliyada oo dhan. Ka mid ah, kuwaas oo loo yeedhi karaa diidniintayda ee qadiimiga Fikirka falsafada ka arrimaha gaarka ah ee wax soo saarka wax, damaca faylosuufiinta si ay isu dhig bulshada sida sidayaal of runta "buuxda" cosmocentrism, iyo in marxaladaha dambe - waa is dhexgalka anthropocentrism. falsafada Baydka dhamaan marxaladaha kala duwan ee ay horumarinta waxaa si dhow lala aragtida fiqi ahaaneed.