Falsafadda Berdyaev

Berdyaev (1874-1948) ka soo Bixinno qoyska ka mid ah u yimid. Iyadoo waxbarasho ee jaamacadda Kiev, wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka qayb cilada ah ee xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga, oo waxay noqdeen xiiso fikradaha of Marxism. Horeba in muddo waxan uu noqday xiiso su'aalo falsafada, Waxaan akhriyey Hegel, KANT, Schelling, Marx, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Tolstoy. Tartiib tartiib sameeyay ay falsafada u gaarka ah ee Berdyaev, xarunta of taas oo ahayd falsafad diinta ku salaysan. Waqti ka, mid ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeya inta badan joogta ah oo Maadiga iyo Marxism ayuu noqday.

Oo uu aragtida, waxaa la sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro shaqada on "Su'aalaha of Life" iyo "New Way". Waxa uu ahaa aasaasihii bulshada diinta-falsafada, loo yaqaan "Xasuusta Soloviev." Sannadkii 1911 ayuu soo daabacay shuqulkiisa ugu horeysay. "Falsafada ee xorriyadda," Berdyaev calaamadeeyay dhamaystirka uu baaris ku xaq ee falsafadda ah "neo-Masiixiyada" iyo qeexidda "cusub miyir diinta". In 1916 muuqday shaqo ee soo socota, "Macnaha of abuurka", kaas oo la aqoonsan yahay fikraddiisa.

Dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka si weyn u saamayn habdhaqanka falsafo, kuwaas oo waxaa qaaday sida dhamaadka ah bini'aadamnimada taariikhda. ciidanka Historical in ay u noqoto howlgalka of kulan aadanaha Christian awoodaan, uu arkay oo keliya in Russia. Haddaba si diiran u soo dhaweeyay February Revolution iyo October ee soo maratay gartay xun. hantiwadaagga Bolshevik The in uu buugga "The Philosophy ee sinnaan la'aanta" ayuu yiraahdo "qasbay walaaltinimo ah."

Berdyaev abuuray Academy Free of Dhaqanka Ruuxaani. diidmada fikirka Bolshevik ayaa sababay in ay fiiro gaar ah maamulka, ayuu la xiray labo jeer 1922 - dibadda u soo diray, waayo, "doon falsafada".

shuqullada ugu weyn in uu muujiyo falsafada shaqsiga Berdyaev, la abuuray ee muddada xidhnaa (Berlin ugu horeysay, ka dibna magaalada Faransiis ah Clamart). Shuqulladiisa weyn - "Philosophy Ruuxa Free", "Macnaha of abuurka", "Addoonsiga iyo xorriyadda aadanaha", "Ruuxa iyo Xaqiiqo," "boqortooyada Ruuxa iyo boqortooyada Kaysar," ". Waayo-aragnimo ah ee metaphysics waaraysa"

Xarunta uu milicsiga falsafada - theme of nin. falsafada Berdyaev ayaa ku salaysan postulate ee xoriyadda hal-abuurka iyo shakhsiyadda. Markuu wax barayay waxaa loo gudbinayaa taxana ah existentialism iyo personalism.

Berdyaev rumeysan yahay in jabkii dabeecadda aadanaha, amni-darrada iyo baxsi in ay salka ku hayaan deegaanka bulshada, adeegi qofka iyo dhiiri ordinariness Walbahaar. From cabsi dulmi Aadanahu waa ay awoodaan in ay lacag la'aan ah falsafada kaliya in ay tahay horumar degdeg ah ka dareen la'aan, shakhsiyadda dulmiga ah ee dunida (shaqada "aniga iyo dunida ka mid ah walxaha," taas oo wax yar ka Berdyaev qoray).

falsafadda ah xoriyadda in uu shaqada ayaa shaaca in publications badan, iyaga ka mid ah "Is-aqoon". Markuu wax barayay waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu caawiyo qofka in ay qaataan meel firfircoon oo hal abuur leh, sidaas jabiyay imperfection nolosha.

Its saddex fikradood oo muhiim ah - waa fikradda ah "universal Masiixiyada," fikradda ah xoriyadda iyo hal-abuur ah oo raaligelin. Guud ahaan, aragtida uu paradoskalno dareen aasaasiga ah dhibaatooyinka nolosha iyo jaceyl ee kalsoonida waqti isku mid ah guusha ee horyaal ah.

Sida fekeraya diimeed Berdyaev abuuray ah view asalka cosmogonic dunida. Ka hor inta jirey nolosha yaamayska (gobolka aan buuxin oo ku saabsan xoriyadda). In uu yahay, xorriyadda waxaa ka hormarey gabi ahaanba wax kasta, xataa Ilaah, kii u dhashay iyo ka dib abuuray dunida iyo dadka. Ilaah ku shubtay ruuxa iyaga ku neefsaday qof. Sidaa darteed, dunida waxay leedahay laba saldhig: ruuxii iyo xorriyadda. saldhigyadii Kuwanu waa isku nin oo midba midka kale ka horimanaya. Ruuxu waa aasaasiga ah ee la xiriira dunida qalab iyo ka badan oo muhiim ah aadanaha. Tan iyo markii ay ku lug miyir iyo is-miyirka ee dadka.

falsafada Berdyaev ee bixiyeen haboon ee xorriyadda bulshada, taas oo uu ugu yeeray "hantiwadaagga personalist," oo loola jeedo eegidda shakhsiga ka badan bulshada. Laakiin bulshada this dadka ma gaari karo bulsho, laakiin kaliya in Ilaah ( "collegiality"). Sidaa darteed, macnaha taariikhda aadanaha waa wakiilnimada ee boqortooyada Ilaah. Taariikhda Earth waa uguna, laakiin ma ahan musiibo, iyo sida looga guulaystay ee nacayb, magaciisa iyo objectification.