Elizabeth Tudor 1: Biography, siyaasadda gudaha iyo dibadda. Muuqan 1 Elizabeth Tudor sida siyaasi. Yaa Sharuucda ka dib markii 1 Elizabeth Tudor?

1 Elizabeth Tudor (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1533-1603) - Queen of England, kuwaas oo hawlaha ay gacan formation of image of Age Golden ah. Waxaa la aaminsan yahay in ay ku dhuftay ay guddiga. Gudaha iyo dibadda Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 waa mid aad u qani ah oo xiiso leh. In this article ayaan ka hadli doonaa oo ku saabsan iyada boqornimadiisa, soo bandhigi doonaa iyada Biography. Waxaad og tihiin, waxa uu ahaa Elizabeth Tudor 1 sida siyaasi. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan ku odhan doonaa dhawr eray ku saabsan cidda Xeerar ka dib.

asal Elizabeth

Boqoradda mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay ee Greenwich Palace, oo ku yaalla London maanta. Tani waa dhacdo muhiim u ah dalka uu ahaa 7 September 1533. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa Henry VIII ee Elizabeth, King of England, iyo hooyadiis - Anne Boleyn. Naagtan waxay ahayd gabadh sharaf ka hor xaaskiisa koowaad ee Henry. Si loo guursado, wuxuu furay naagtiisa, Ekaterinoy Aragonskoy, kuwaas oo ahaa awoodin in ay isaga u siiyaan walad, oo wuxuu yimid oo ka soo hoos awoodda baadari soo baxay. In 1534 Henry VIII isku madaxa kiniisadda Ingiriisi ah. Anne Boleyn ee May 1536 (hoos Wehbe iyada iyo Henry ee sawirka, midig) ayaa toogasho, iyada eedeeyay sino. Laakiinse gardarrada dhabta ah ee Naagtii waxay ahayd in aanay iyadu ku siin karaan dhashay wiil, Henry, kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga.

Masiirka Elizabeth inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Edward VI

Elizabeth ee muddada u dhaxaysa dhimashada aabbihiis, kaas oo ka dhacay 1547, oo uu goysiga u gaar ah oo carshiga ku lahaa in ay dhex maraan dhibtani ka, kaas oo, Dabcan, ka muuqataa in ay qof. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Edward VI ee, uu bar-walaalkiis, kuwaas oo ka 1547 boqor ku ahaa ilaa 1553, Queen mustaqbalka ahaa kama 'ku lug shirqool, Rabbiga Admiral Thomas Seymour. Masayr of Eduardu Seymuru, walaalkiis, kuwaas oo intii lagu jiray laga tirada badan yahay ee Edward VI ahaa sokeeya ee boqortooyada, Thomas dhaqmeen si taxadir la'aan dhowr jeer. Tallaabooyinkan waxay keentay inay aaminsan yihiin in uu leeyahay qorshe gambiyay d'inqilaab. Qorshaha Thomas guursaday Elizabeth noqday sare ee qayru. Aroos ku guuldareysatay bishii Janaayo 1549 ayaa xabsiga.

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Mary aniga iyo Elizabeth ee qaddar

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Mary waxaan Tudor, taas macnaheedu waa inta lagu jiro muddada u dhaxaysa 1553 ilaa 1558, Elizabeth badan khatar weyn u dhegaysanayay. Mary yimaado nus-walaashiis boqoradda mustaqbalka. Marka Henry furay Catherine, hooyadeed, iyadu hore u ahaa in dadka waaweyn ee ku filan in ay ogaadaan ceebtii xidhiidh la leh. Maria noqday xagjirnimada Catholic ah, oofiyey naxariis proispanskih iyo dhirif at gabadhii Anny Boleyn.

Ka dib markii baxaya carshigii, Maria ciyaaray aroos u yimaadeen Filibos oo ahaa kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga reer Spain. Tani waxay siisay kor u tiro badan waxay Dhagri. Ugu muhiimsan ee iyaga ka mid ah in la oran karo waa sida dhacdo caasinimo January 1554 Thomas Wyatt ayaa. Inkastoo Elizabeth sida muuqata iska casilay diinta Catholic, mar kale soo bandhigay ee gobolka, Brotestanka ma joojin in ay meel ay rajo iyada la jiray. Taas darteed, jiritaanka aad u da 'khatar ku ah Elizabeth Mary (iyada sawirka hoos ayaa lagu muujiyey).

Boqoradda mustaqbalka ka dib markii kacdoonkii Wyatt ayaa la qabtay, ka dibna lagu meeleeyay Tower ka. Waxaa iyana waxay qabtay in ay qaataan 2 bilood. Elizabeth dibna sano ah waxa uu ahaa iyada oo ay kormeerayaan dhow in Woodstock, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow Oxford.

Entry carshiga. Su'aasha ah qaab-dhismeedka kaniisadda

1 Tudor Elizabeth carshiga 17 November 1558 yimid. Kulanka Baarlamaanka, ee lagu qabtay January ee sanadka soo socda, su'aasha ayaa la sara kiciyey oo ku saabsan qaabka kiniisadda. Queen waa u diyaar inuu sooci Papacy ee Rome oo ku Church of England, laakiin siyaabo kale u sii socotay inay u dhaqmaan ruux muxaafidka ah, daryeelka weyn. The House of Commons ka hadlay baahida loo qabo in a dib u habaynta xagjirka ah oo sarreeya. Elizabeth jecel yahay ururka kaniisadda Episcopal iyo adeegga, la ansixiyay wax-u-kaniisadda sare. In dhamaadka, tanaasul la gaaray, loo yaqaan via warbaahinta, taas oo ka soo Laatiin turjumay ka dhigan tahay "jidka dhexe." dib u habaynta Elizabeth aqoonsaday muuqaalada ku Church of England, kuwaas oo la wada ilaaliyo, si ay taariikhda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay siiyey kor u qanacsanayn iyo Brotestanka, iyo Catholics.

Su'aasha ah isku xigta

Baarlamaanka, iyo sidoo kale saraakiisha dowladda ahaayeen walaacsan mustaqbalka Protestant ee dalka. Xaqiiqada ah in Queen Elizabeth 1 Tudor waa kuwii ugu dambeeyey oo guri ammaan Tudor ah. Sida tixgelin siyaasadeed iyo doorashada shakhsi keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ay joogtay illaa uu dhintay gabadh bikrad ah. Brotestanka ma doonayaan in ay oggolaadaan in Catholic ah oo carshiga ku. Laakiin Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, kuwaas oo xaq u leedahay in taajkii of England, kaliya Catholic ah. Dhab ahaantii, Elizabeth keligiis ahaa. Waxay go'aansatay in dib loo dhigo su'aasha ah ee isku xigta. Waxaa xaqiijiyay sax boqornimadii dheer-taagan (ku dhowaad 45 sano) ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caasinimada of Queen ah markii ugu horeysay keentay in xanaaq ah oo ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah Baarlamaanka, iyo dhinaca taliyayaal ugu dhow. Tani waxa ay ahayd gaar ahaan caan 1566.

Xiriirka of England la Scotland

Si aad u horraysa ee waqtigan ka mid ah xiriirka England la Scotland, halkaas oo in 1559 ay si degdeg ah laftiisa ku tilmaamay in toobaddii. Waxaa lagu qabtay kacdoon ka dhan ah boqorka Faransiis, Marii GIZ, kaas oo xukumi jiray magaca gabadhiisa Mary Stuart,. Mariya GIZ ahaa xiligaa in uu yahay taliyaha Scotland iyo xaaskiisa oo ka mid ah King of France. Si mucaaradka ay awoodaan in ay taqaluseyso Faransiis ah iyagoo dalka ka yimid, way qabsadeen fara gelin ku sameeyeen Elizabeth. In 1562 oo muddo dheer ka dib in Queen ka soo dhexgalay ee siyaasadda gudaha ee France. Waxay taageereen xisbiga caasiyiinta Protestant (Huguenot). markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, Elizabeth sidoo kale ay taageerayaan Brotestanka ee Netherlands, kuwaas oo ka gees ah King hadlay of Spain Philip II.

Xiriirka Maryan Stuart

In 1561, uu u dhintay François II, Mary ninkeedii Stuart. Ka dib markii Mary si dalkooda ku soo noqday. Waxay bilaabeen in siyaabo badan taariikhda muran iyo adag ee xiriirka iyada Elizabeth. Si ka duwan dambaysta ah, Maria ma ahaa halyay ah. Waxay ahayd mid kaga dejiyey carshigiisii ka dib dilkii Genriha Styuarta, naagtiisa labaad. Mary waxaa lagu xidhay, laakiin waxay u suurtagashay in ay ka baxsadaan. Waxay guuldarro soo horjeeda, kuwaas oo looga adkaaday Ciidamada iyada, oo markaas ku dhamaatay oo England ah, xadka.

Qabtay May 1568kii, imaanshiyaha Stuart England abuuray qaar ka mid ah dhibaatooyin halyeeyad ee qodobkan. 1 Elizabeth Tudor sida siyaasi ku jiray xaalad adag. Xukuumadda Mary jira sidii maxbuus ah, si ay bilaabeen inay jiitaan mucaaradka. In England, durba waxay bilaabeen inay distemper, mid ka mid ah sababaha ayaa la xidhiidha joogitaanka Stuart. The mucaaradka dhamaadka 1569 ka fallaagoobay ee waqooyiga. Bishii Febraayo 1570 waxaa jiray dibi le'daan, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo 1 Elizabeth Tudor ayaa lagu dhawaaqay kaga dejiyey carshigiisii, oo muwaadiniinteeda ayaa la sii daayay ka dhaartii boqoradda. Catholics ayaa lagu qasbay in ay dibadda u cararaan. Waxay ku salaysan yihiin seminary qaaradda helay meesha ay formation iyo soo bixiyey wiilasha Catholic, ka dibna soo diray sida adeegayaashan ee England. Ujeedada Papacy ahaa inay xukunka ka tuuraan Elizabeth iyadoo la kaashanayo xisbiga Faransiis ah gambanaya iyo maamulka cilmaani ah ee Spain. On carshiga waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay u simanahay aniga Mary Stuart.

Baarlamaanka iyo wasiir ku Queen ayaa waxay bilaabeen inay dalbadaan sharciyada adag ka dhanka ah Catholics, gaar ahaan adeegayaashan. shirqool Ridolfi ka dhanka ah Elizabeth la ogaaday in 1572. Waxay ahayd qayb iyo Maryan Stuart. Ka dib markii isku dhaartayna wasiirada iyo baarlamenka dalbaday inay Mary ashtakeeyaan in khiyaamo qaran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Elizabeth go'aansaday inuu soo farageliyo, sidaas Xukuntay uusan dhacay. Marka mariyay qaraar ay u diidaan Stewart xaq carshiga reer England, Elizabeth uu diidmada qayaxan ku soo rogeen.

Madaxda sare ee wadaaddo ka seminaries ka 1580 bilaabay inuu xoojiyo Jesuits ah. Spain isla sannad uu LABAGEEDI Portugal. Muddo dheer, Elizabeth caawisay caasinimo ee Netherlands ka soo horjeeda Spain. Tani waxay, sidoo kale ay weerarrada British on deegaanada Spanish keentay in colaadda.

William Dilkii Silent ah. heshiis Association

Wax yar ka dib markii goob ay ku qaawanaa Throckmorton, in 1584, waxa ogaaday in dalka Netherlands, ayaa lagu dilay by William Silent ah, kuwaas oo ahaa Catholic ah. Ingiriisi Brotestanka la aasaasay ee loo yaqaan Treaty ururka. Goolkiisii ahaa xasuuqii ee M. Stewart ay dhacdo in uu noqon doono isku day ah oo ay boqoraddu samaysay.

Support of fallaago reer Holland. fulinta Marii Styuart

Dhimashada William Silent keentay in xaqiiqda ah in fallaago reer Holland badiyay hogaamiyaha. Tani qasbay Queen Elizabeth Holland in ay u diraan si ay gargaar ciidamada British, amray in Graf Lester. Oo waxay noqotay in dayrta ee 1585. Tani waa faragelinta furan ahaa ay xiranyihiin oo lagu dhawaaqo dagaal.

The shisheeye Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 aanu qof kasta ku haboon. Babington shirqool ku qaawanaa ee 1586. Goolkiisii ahaa in dilka Queen Elizabeth iyo boqornimadii Mary. Arintaan ka qayb qaatay waxa ku jira. Waxay saaray maxkamad. Sida laga soo xigtay xalinta ansixiyay Baarlamaanka ee 1584-1585 sano, iyadu ayaa lagu xukumay dil. In xilliga dayrta ee 1586 ka dhacay dhaarinta baarlamaanka. Waxa uu si joogta ah soo noqnoqda looga baahan yahay dhan yahay ma tago doorashada si Elizabeth. Mary lahaa si ay u fuliyaan February 8, 1587.

Spanish Armada The

Dhimashada of Mary adeegay sidii wadadii ay ku shirkadu waxa loogu yeero Catholic England. Summer Spanish Armada ee 1588 yimid badda ku tuuraya si ay u jebiyaan raxan Ingiriisi iyo si ay u daboosho dhulka xeebta ee dalka this of Army Isbaanish ah. In ka badan 8 saacadood dagaalka go'aan qaadatay. Loogama badin Armada natiijo ahaan waxaa lagu dhuftay. Waxaa la kala firdheen, oo intay jidka ku Spain sababtoo ah duufaanada ka, khasaare culus.

Action Spain

dagaal u dhexeeya England iyo Spain waxaa si rasmi ah aan ku dhawaaqay in uu ahaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, khilaafka u furan oo u dhexeeya dalalka sii. Henry III ee, oo ahaa boqorkii dalka France, ayaa lagu dilay 1589. Ka dib markii Elizabeth oo la jiideen iska hor imaad ah oo ku saabsan hor cusub. Catholic League ee France, oo ay taageerayaan ku Spain, ka soo horjeeda boqornimadii Henry IV ee, kii dhaxalka lahaa eeliyaa. Waxa uu ahaa hogaamiyaha xisbiga ee Huguenots ah. Koroleva Elizaveta ka caawiyay Henry si ay ula dagaalamaan.

Tani, in siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda kooban 1 Elizabeth Tudor. Shaxda, dabcan, ina caawin lahaa in ka badan dhawr eray bixiyaan macluumaad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Queen waa hawlo si xiiso leh Ma doonayo in aan soo jeedin in habkan of bandhiga warbixin. Waxaan aaminsan nahay in si la mid ah waa in la sheego iyo gudaha Politika Elizavety Tudor 1. Shaxda halkan sidoo kale lagu meel khaldan doonaa. Wax ku saabsan siyaasadda gudaha ee Queen ah, waxaan hore u sheegay. xiriir aad u cajiib ah iyada oo wasiiro ah iyo ka timi. Waxaan bixinaa si aad u hesho aqoon iyaga la.

Wasiirrada iyo timi of Elizabeth

Queen ayaa muujisay daacad u weyn in uu ka ambabaxay, taas oo, laga yaabee, ma tusin Boqortooyada kasta. 1 Elizabeth Tudor, kuwaas oo Biography waxa ay markhaati u tahay shaqsiyad aan caadi ahayn, is-gaaray oo dhan adeegayaashiisa. Uilyam Sesil ahaa musharaxa ugu horeeya. Elizabeth isku halleeyeen isagii ka badan qof kasta oo kale. In tiro ka mid ah taliyeyaasha kale ee Queen ahaayeen: Walter Mayldmey, Frensis Uolsingem, ina William - Robert Cecil, iyo Thomas Smith. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen rag wasiirada aan caadi ahayn. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, Elizabeth ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa ay marwada iyo sayidaddeedii. Tani waa xaqiiqda muhiim u ah kuwa ku mashquulsan yihiin dabeecadaha 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

Boqoradda lahaa wasiir oo ka timi ka sokow. Tirooyinka ugu caansan ahaayeen: Christopher Hatton, Graf Lester, iyo Robert Devereux, Earl ee Essex. Elizabeth xoogaa durkaan Francis Bacon iyo Walter Rayleigh lagu hayaa, maxaa yeelay, iyagu ma ku kalsoon tayada aadanaha, laakiin waxay lahaayeen aragti sare ee awoodooda.

Xiriirka Elizabeth Earl ee Essex

Burley, kuwaas oo ku noolaa ilaa 1598, doonayay inuu u gudbiyo ka saamayn iyo Jagada Robert Cecil, wiilkiisa yaru. Wuxuu ahaa mid aad u awood, laakiin waxay lahaayeen curyaan ah. Earl ee Essex, aristocrat dhallinyarada (uu sawirka waxaa sare lagaa siin), ka hadlay waxa ka dhanka ah. At qabashadooda Cadiz, kaas oo ka dhacay 1596, wuxuu kasbaday qiimeyn sasabasho iyo ammaan weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo goortuu dhammeeyey in la koobnayn hamiga military, Intaa waxaa dheer ee siyaasad, oo wuxuu lahaa oo ay u galaan dagaal la Cecilia.

Elizabeth dhigtay ciyaaryahanka laga jecel a of Essex, nin ka mid ah soo jiidashada weyn. Waxay u bogi tayadiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Boqorad lama sidaas kaabayaasha dhaqaale la Essex, inay isaga taageeraan ee dayada siyaasadeed oo khatar ah. Waxay si ula kac ah uga lulmado dabaqa sare Roberta Sesila, waqti isku mid ah hortago Essex in ujeedka lagu doonayo in la keeno in jagooyinka ugu sareeya ee musharaxiintooda. Kaasi waxa uu ahaa Elizavety Politika ee Tudor 1 marka loo eego qofka in.

Tiro ka mid ah dagaallo shakhsi raacay dhexeeya Elizabeth oo iyada jecel. Marka Boqorad isaga qabteen by dhegta, sida uu carro dib iyada u soo jeestay, oo damacsanaa inuu ka tago (in version kale, waxaan isaga siiyey dharbaaxay in wajiga). Khatarta kor u qaatay seeftiisii, suroobi karaa, in aan u dulqaadan lahaa kibir sida ka qof in uu ahaa mawduuca ah, ma addoon.

1599 waxay ahayd gabagabadii taariikhda la Essex. Markaas Elizabeth baray Baabi'inta jecel kacdoonkii bilaabay Ireland Tyrone. Ka dib markii dawladda ka qaata oo dhan lagama maarmaan, oo wuxuu wada yeelay, ma ay addeecin tilmaamaha ka London. Essex ee waxqabadka hawlaha ku guuldareystay oo wuxuu ka dhigay xabad joojin ah la Jamhada. Markaas, sidoo kale Darro iyo amar, oo wuxuu ku soo laabtay England. Essex si cad u bedelay xukuumadda hadda jirta ee February 1601.. Waxa uu isku dayay in uu dhan ee London kor ka dhanka ah Queen ah. Essex la saaray maxkamadda ka dibna toogasho on February 25, 1601..

Dagaalka looga soo horjeedo puritanism

Guriga Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 waxaa lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in Queen ayaa muujiyay dulqaadashada ka dhanka ah Puritanism. Waxay u magacaabay in 1583 ay Archbishop of Canterbury, oo ay soo horjeeda ugu weyn - John Vitgifta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mucaaradka uusan rabin in la siiyo ilaa. qaar ka mid ah wadaadada ay go'aansatay in ay soo noqdaan si ay Presbyterianism. Waxaa ugu dhakhsaha badan abuuray dhaqdhaqaaq kuwaas oo goolka uu ahaa burburinta episcopate ah. Puritans ku shaqeeya oo isticmaalaya saamaynta ee House of Commons iyo kabaal kale siyaasadeed. Elizabeth danbeyn lahaa inay halgan kula jiraan ee House of Commons. Ilaa tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay oo boqornimadii Queen qolkii this u naxariisateen ida Puritans. In khilaafka la Elizabeth joogto ah Xildhibaanada biiray. Oo iyana waxay qaybsadeen la ra'yiga ma aha oo kaliya on arrinta dibuhabaynta oo ka mid ah Church of England, laakiin sidoo kale in kale: isku xigta ee baahida loo qabo in la guursado, la tacaalida M. Stewart.

Sharaxaad kooban oo boqornimadii Elizabeth

boqornimadii Tudor of Elizabeth 1 ahaa mid ka mid ah muddooyinka ugu firfircoon ee taariikhda England. Laga soo bilaabo bilowgii, Brotestanka rumeysan yahay in Queen ayaa lagu hayaa Providence. Waxay lahaa in la sii kordhaya hanjabaad gudaha iyo dibadda ka qabtaan, iyo jacaylka dadka iyada waxaa sii kordhaya, iyo nidaam noqotay muddo. Gudaha iyo dibadda Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 la falanqeeyey muddo dheer dhintay ka dib. Oo wakhtigaas ma Abate xiisaha taliyaha. Muuqan 1 Elizabeth Tudor sida tiradaasi siyaasadeed yididiila cajiib, ma aha oo kaliya ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu laakiin sidoo kale dad badan oo dunida ku dhex jira.

dhimashada Elizabeth ee

Koroleva Elizaveta dhintay Richmond Palace, oo ku yaalla magaalada London ee casriga ah. Waxay on March 24, 1603 ku geeriyooday. Inta badan, xilligan la soo dhaafay Elizabeth magacaabay ama tilmaamay in uu. Waxay noqday James VI, King of Scotland (James waxaan of England). Taasi waxa ay sharciyada ka dib markii 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

James aan

Years of naftiisa - 1566-1625. Yakov 1 Ingiriisi noqonaysa tii ugu horreysay oo ahaa boqorkii dalka England, oo ka dhigan guri ammaan Stuart. Isagu wuxuu u yimid carshiga March 24, 1603 James wuxuu noqday boqor ugu horeysay, kaas oo xukumi jiray boqortooyooyinkii labada ku yaalla u hayaamay Britain, waqti isku mid ah. Sida awoodda hal, United Kingdom waagaas ma jirin. Scotland iyo England ahaayeen waddan oo madax bannaan, kuwaasi oo ay madax ka Boqortooyada a. Sheekada oo ah kuwa xeerarka ka dib markii 1 Elizabeth Tudor, waa ma ka xiiso yarayn muddada boqornimadii Elizabeth. Laakiin taasi waa sheeko kale.