Dhuumaha gaaska "Nabucco": nidaamka, wadada

dhuumaha "Nabucco" gaaska (Nabucco) - dhererka jidka weyn this ee 3300 kilomitir. waxaa la idiin kaxayn kartaa bixinta shidaalka ka Azerbaijan iyo Central Asia wadamada EU. "Nabucco" - dhuumaha gaaska, taas oo ahayd in ay soo gudbiyaan ugu horrayn Germany iyo Austria. Its magaca ka yimaadaa shuqullada isla of laxamiistaha ugu caansan Dzhuzeppe Verdi. theme ugu weyn ee uu opera waa la sii daayo, iyo waxa loo moodayay in ay gacan ka sahayda shidaalka waddo cusub in Europe.

History of mashruuca

Bilow horumarinta line cusub bilaabay bishii February 2002 ka yar magaca "Nabucco". Dhuunta ayaa markii hore ahaa mawduuca ah wadahadalo u dhexeeya labada shirkadood: OMV Austria iyo BOTAS Turkiga. Later ay soo biiray by afar: Hungarian, Jarmal, Bulgaria iyo Romania. Si wada jir ah ay u saxiixay maamuuska on ujeedkooda. Dabayaaqadii 2003, ka dib markii xisaabinta kharashka lagama maarmaanka ah Guddiga Yurub ay bixiyaan deeq in xaddiga 50% wadarta guud. Ka dib markii horumarinta hore ee la-hawlgalayaasha mashruuca ayaa kala saxiixday heshiis kama dambaysta ah. In June 2008, iyada oo dhuumaha gaaska ee "Nabucco" dhalmada koowaad ee shidaalka ka Azerbaijan si Bulgaria waxaa fuliyey.

Muhiimadda istiraatiijiga ah ee mashruuca

In xilliga qaboobaha 2009, Midowga Yurub ayaa mar kale loo aqoonsan yahay in ay ku tiirsanaanta tamarta musiibo on Russia. Sidaas darteed, dadka deggan ka mid ah dalalka Yurub, colaadda Ruush-Yukreeniyaan cadeeyay inuu yahay iyada oo aan kulayl guryahooda. Horraantii 2010, shir lagu qabtay Budapest, arrinta ugu weyn ee kaas oo ahaa dhuumaha gaaska "Nabucco". Ujeedada ugu weyn ee ay ahayd in ay ballaadhiyaan socodka shidaalka. In July, heshiiska gaarka ah ee dawladda waxaa la saxiixay by shan wasiir Ra'iisul.

Sida daneeyayaasha mashruuca yihiin Midowga Yurub wakiil Madaxweynaha M. Barroso iyo Guddoomiyaha Energy A. Pebalgsa iyo Maraykanka ahaayeen Ergayga for Eurasian Energy R. Morningsar iyo Wasiirka Guddiga Arrimaha Dibadda, Senator Lugar. Hungary ansixisay heshiiska of labaatanaad ee October 2009, Bulgaria - 3.02.2010, Turkey - 4.03.2010. dhuumaha gaaska "Nabucco" ka heshay taageero dheeraad ah si loo daabaco heshiiska dawladda dheeraad ah u dhexeeya oo dhan ku lug waxa uu sheegayaa.

Xaaladda ay ku sugan

In May 2012, ka dallad Shah Deniz soo jeedisay hindise cusub - dhuumaha gaaska a "Nabucco West". Horeba u noqon oo sanadkii la soo saxiixday heshiis ay maalgelinta. Sida laga soo xigtay, waxa uu, ka dallad Shah Deniz bixin doonaa 50% ee kharashka cusub mashruuca, sida dalka transit ah - qeybtii hartay. In 2013, is la saxiixay, laakiin xagaaga lagu dhawaaqay in maalgelin ah lagu samayn doono Adriya hore Trans ku Pipeline. Agaasimaha Fulinta ee shirkadda Austria OMV ayaa sheegay in mashruuca uu ganaax ku maqan. Sidaa darteed, dhuumaha gaaska "Nabucco" maanta ayaa laga badiyay ay muhiimadda istiraatiiji ah, laakiin dhawaan Bulgaria iyo Azerbaijan mar kale ka codsaday Midowga Yurub ee ay usoo nooleynta. Maxaa dhacaya - waqti sheegi doonaa.

"Nabucco" dhuumaha gaaska: nidaamka

Qorsheeyay dhererka jidka ahaa 3893 km. Waxa uu u maleeyeen inuu ku soo bilowdo garoonka Ahiboze (Turkey) iyo dhamaan Baumgarten kaydinta (Austria). Waxa uu sidoo kale u gudbin lahaa saddexda dal dhex maraan, Bulgaria, Romania iyo Hungary. Laakiin ma aha run ahaantii in Ahiboze Waxaan u lahaa inuu ku soo bilowdo dhuumaha gaaska "Nabucco". wadada mashruuca sidoo kale ka mid Georgia iyo Ciraaq. In Ahiboze uu lahaa in lagugu xiro in ay la dogob ay. The dhuumaha gaaska modified "Nabucco West" wuxuu ahaa mashruuc kaagana oo lahaa si ay u bilaabaan xadka Turkish-Bulgarian. Oo dhererkeedu wuxuu qiyaasay waa 1329 km. dhuumaha gaabin lahaa inay dhex maraan dalka reer afar dal, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary iyo Austria. Shirkadda Polish PGNiG in ay waqti sahaminta suurtagalnimada ee isku xidha gobolka u "Nabucco".

astaamaha farsamo

Waxaa loo maleeyey in dhuumaha "Nabucco West" ma la qoro muddo 25 sano ah tan iyo markii la bilaabay. Its bandwidth waa in ay 10 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran sanadkiiba. Half of gaaska gaadiid la geeyn lahaa in dalalka aan si toos ah ka qaybgalaan mashruuca. Haddii ay jirto baahida loo qabo bandwidth la sara kicin kara dheeraad ah 13 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran.

dhismaha

Mashruuca "Nabucco" waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka horumarinta ee shabakadda Trans-European tamarta, iyo horumarinteeda waa la fuliyay lacagta deeqda ah. Markii uu bedelay, dhammaan shaqada injineernimada lahaa in la sii. Dhismaha ayaa la qorsheeyay in la bilaabo sannadka 2013. "Nabucco" loo moodayay inuu ku soo bilowdo a si buuxda u howlgasho by 2017. Laakiin dallad ah "Shah-Deniz" doortay si ay u maal mashaariic kale, sidaa darteed inta ay weli la qaboojiyey.

maalgelinta

"Nabucco" kharashka mashruuca ayaa marna la shaacin, laakiin sanadkii 2012 R. Mitschek sheegay in ay wax badan ka yar tahay 7.9 bilyan oo euros. dejinta The final ayaa la filayaa dhamaadka 2013. Maanta, Bulgaria iyo Azerbaijan leeyihiin gaar ah waxbarashada ku qaadeen si ay u caddeeyaan ee faa'iidada oo ka mid ah dhismaha this dhuumaha.

buuxintii Ilo dhuumaha

The salaysan ee mashruuca - waxaa horey u dhisay jid Baku - Tbilisi. Waxaa sidoo kale lahaa in la sameeyo sahay ka Central Asia, gaar ahaan ka Turkmenistan. Waxaa jiray qorshe lagu dhiso dhuumaha gaaska ka dhex Armenia, laakiin waxa sababa dareen-celin aad u xun in Azerbaijan laftiisa. Poland ayaa la qorsheynayo in laga sameeyo a wareejin-off ka "Nabucco" on dhulkooda dhex Slovakia.

Markii hore iyada oo a gaaska dhuumaha qorsheeyey in gaadiidka saliid ka Iran, laakiin waxaa jira khilaaf bilaabay. At shirwaynaha ee Budapest, dalka aan la bixiyo. isha keliya ee content, taas oo ahayd sannadkii 2013, waxay ahayd in Azerbaijan - beerta Shah Deniz. Laakiinse haatan barbaro ka kaydka dhuumaha gaaska Caspian. Agaasimaha Maaraynta ee "Nabucco" R. Mitschek ayaa aaminsan in ay suurtagal tahay in ay ku xidhmaan Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Masar iyo xataa Russia.

Rajada iyo Caqabadaha

Bilowgiiba, horumarinta mashruuc "Nabucco" ayaa la xiriira dhowr ah oo dhibaatooyin. ilaha sahayda ayaa ka go'an in ay rubuc ka mid ah awood u qiyaasay. Taasi waxay wax tar lahayn. xaalada ayaa ah mid qasan xaalada hubin of Sea Caspian ah, ee soo socda si ay ciidamada Ruush ku salaysan yihiin. Ka dib shan maalmood haboonaanta dagaalka ah ee Georgia dalka transit ah ayaa sidoo kale si weyn hoos u dhacay, iyo ka qaybgalka ee Armenia ee mashruuca waxay keeni doontaa in falcelin xun ee Azerbaijan. dhibaatooyin badan oo la xiriira ka qaybgalka Turkiga.

Si aad u taariikhda, "ayuu Nabucco" waa riyo biibiile, iyo muhiimadda ay leedahay geopolitical ayaa hoos u dhacay. Inta badan oo ka mid ah dalalka Yurub ugu waaweyn, iyo gaar ahaan Russia, aan ayaa xiiso u isticmaalaan lacag weyn ku dul.