Dhismaha sambabka aadanaha

sambabada Human waa mid ka mid ah xubnaha ugu muhiimsan ee laga maarmaanka u ah jiritaankeeda. Neefsashada u muuqataa si dabiici ah, laakiin dhab ahaantii inta lagu guda jiro ee jirkeena waxaa jira geedi socodka adag in la hubiyo hab-nololeedyada our. Si fiican u fahmin, waa in aad u ogaato qaabka sambabada.

Inta lagu guda jiro neefsashada hawada maraa labada hawomareenno, kaas oo ay leeyihiin qaab kala duwan. Left sii dheer tahay xaq, laakiin waxa ay inta badan jirka ajnabi ah galaa nidaamka neef- dhex sambabbada saxda ah. maydadka waxay leeyihiin lugaha. Marka galay sambabka midig galo waxaa jahaysteen saddex, oo ka tagay 2 saamiga, taas oo u dhiganta tirada dhafoorka sambabada.

Dhismaha sambabada waa wax dhib badan, maxaa yeelay, iyaga laanta hawomareenno gudaha u galay dad badan oo hawomareenno segmental yar. Taa baddalkeeda, waxay gudubtid hawomareenno lobular ka mid ah lobules ee sanbabada ayaa waxaa ka. Way adag tahay in la qiyaaso sida qaab dhismeedka of sambabada, iyadoo aan ogayn inta ay le'eg hawomareenno lobular waxa dhexdooda ku jira (waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan 1000). hawomareenno Vnutridolevye kor u leeyihiin in ay 18 laamood (bronchioles terminal) in aadan haysan in ay derbiyo carjawda. Kuwani bronchioles terminal sameeyaan qayb ka ah dhismaha iftiinka - acinus.

Dhismaha sambabada waxaa ka hawl yar in ay bartaan, ogaaday waxa acinus ah. Tani unit dhismaha waa hannaanka ah Alfiyoli (taagayo bronchioles ee neefsashada). derbiyadooda yihiin gaaska wax sarrifka substrate, iyo aagga inta lagu jiro neefsasho buuxda gaadho 100 Xaylemaryam, stretch ugu weyn ay dusha neefsashada dhacdaa inta lagu guda jiro jimicsi.

qeybta Bronchopulmonary waa qayb ka mid ah xuubka sambabada, taas oo hawo hawomareenno 3 Si of branching sambabbada xuubka. Kasta wuxuu leeyahay pedicle broncho-vascular gaar ah (halbowlaha iyo sambabbada). Qaab dhismeedka Segmental ee sanbabada ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in koorsada ee heerka horumarinta ee daawo iyo qalliin. The xaq sambabada 10 qaybaha, iyo bidix - 8. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in waxa la ogaaday in kala qeybinta qeybaha bronchopulmonary pulmonary, waxaa suurto gal ah in meesha laga saaro noqday qaybo ay saameeyeen ee jirka la ilaalinta ugu badan ee qaybaha ay caafimaad.

In jirka si ay u kala soocaan dusha socda: mediastinal, diafragmentalnuyu, feeraha. In mediastinum waa waxa loogu yeero "irdaha". iyaga, sambabada waa hawomareenno, xididdada, iyo dareemayaasha, iyo ka tago weelashii dheecaanka iyo xididdada sambabka. Dhammaan dhismayaasha kuwan waxaa loogu yeero "asalka u ah sambabada."

sambabada ku kala grooves moolalka iyo dhererka kala duwan. Waxay wadaagaan nudaha sambabada isu iridda. Waxaa jira 3 caaradda of sambabada saxda ah (hoose, sare, dhexe) iyo 2 bidix (hoose, sare). dhafoorka Hoose waa weyn.

Dhismaha iftiinka uu noqon doono aan dhamaystirnayn oo ka horjoogsanaya in pleura visceral qarinaya gobolka sambabada kasta iyo xidid "buugyarahan parietal" diyaarineysa derbiyada saabka thoracic. Waxay ku taallaa therebetween saabka jeex jeexi-sida, qayb ka mid ah oo la yidhaahdo JQSHM (yaalla lakabka parietal). sanka pleural costophrenic ugu weyn ee loo tixgeliyaa (waxay ku laayeen fudud ku dhacaa inta lagu guda jiro waxyi).

qaab-dhismeedka waxaa si fudud u sharaxay by geedi socodka ka dhaca iyaga oo ku guda jiro neefsashada. In jirka this 2 la kala saaro nidaamka vascular: goobo yar (oo ka kooban xididdada iyo halbowlayaasha, ku lug lahaa sarrifka gaaska), weyn wareegga (oo ka kooban halbowlayaasha bronki iyo xididdada, bixinta dhiigga halbowlaha waayo-shiid iyo nolol sambabada taageero naftooda). By dabiiciga ah ee branching ay xididada pulmonary la mid halbowle ah, laakiin waxa ay ku kala duwan yihiin oo ay tirayn. Waxay yihiin il reer lobules network gaddoonka ah, unugyo interlobular, tuubooyinka bronki iyo pleura ku visceral. Maxaa yeelay, xididdada interlobular shabakadaha gaddoonka sameeyay wada biirtay. Kuwa xididada waaweyn sameeyay kordhin dhow bronkie. Of sinaanta iyo xididdada segmental in kasta oo iftiin laba xididada loo sameeyay, sare iyo hoose (tirada ay si weyn u kala duwan yihiin). Waxayna u dhacaan marka laga reebo in bidix ah.

Tirada halbowlayaasha bronki waa impermanent. Waxaa u dhaxeysa 2 ilaa 6. In 50% ka mid ah xaaladaha ku aadanuhu waa 4 halbowlayaasha bronki kordhin isku si bidix iyo midig sambabbada ugu weyn. Waxay yihiin ma aha oo kaliya xididdada of bronkie, sida laan la siiyaa xubnaha kala duwan ee mediastinum ah. Bilow halbowlayaasha xaq ku yaal cadka ah ee hunguriga iyo dhuunta, ama hoos hore (inta u dhaxaysa mergiga). halbowlaha bidix ku yaal cadka hoose dhuunta iyo xafiiltamaan ee aortic dureeri. Inside halbowlaha sambabka ku jiraan unugyada weheliyaan hawomareenno iyo, branching soo baxay, ka ciyaaraan door toos ah sahayda dhiigga intiisa kale qaybo iyo pleura. In ka bronchioles neefsashada, waxay lumiyaan is-qiimaha iyo gudubtid nidaamka gaddoonka ah.

Dhammaan xididdada dhiigga ee sambabada la xiriira midba midka kale. Waxa intaa dheer in shabakadda gaddoonka guud iyo kala saaro vneorgannye intraorgan anastomoses, interconnecting laba wareeg ah.

Nidaamka durey ka kooban yahay shabakadaha gaddoonka hoose plexus marinnada lymphatic gudahood xubinta, weelasha efferent, intrapulmonary iyo qanjidhada sambabada. Kala lymphatics maqaar saar iyo qoto dheer.

innervation Source sambabada - plexus dareemayaasha iyo dogob mediastinal sameeyey by laamihii ay u dabacsanaadaan, vagus, spinal iyo dareemayaasha phrenic.