Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich: Biography

Nikita Muravev ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa Decembrist. Waxa uu ahaa qoraaga dastuurka ugu horeysay ee qabyada ah, iyo si kooban madax Waqooyiga bulshada qarsoodi ah. Intii lagu guda jiray kacdoonkii ee St. Petersburg Muraveva caasimada ma ahaa, laakiin waxa uu weli xiray warbixiye aflagaado ah.

sanadaha hore

Future Decembrist Muravev Nikita ku dhashay July 30, -1795 ee St. Petersburg. Waxa uu ka soo jeedaa qoys caan yimid. Aabbihiis, Mihail Muravev - Senator, wakiilku oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Moscow, qoraa iyo publicist baraha ugu weyn. Hooyo Catherine iska caan ah oo sharaf leh qoyska Ruush Kolokoltseva.

Muravev Nikita bartay guriga, iyo ka dib ka qalin jabiyay Jaamacadda Moscow (Physics iyo Xisaabta Department). Horraantii 1812, wuxuu noqday diiwaan-a collegiate. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xagaagii dagaalka. ciidanka Ruush weerareen by Napoleon. Muravev Nikita tagay guriga iyada oo aan sharaxaad buuxda waalidiinta, oo wuxuu galay ciidanka. Dhalinyarada waxaa ku qoran sida calan. Wuxuu xubin ka mid ah noqday xilli shisheeye ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka ka 1813-1814. Calan u muuqday goobta dagaalka ee Leipzig. Battle sababta oo ah magnitude uu noqday yaqaan "dagaalka ee quruumaha."

In Europe,

Dhamaadkii xilli Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich lagu wareejiyay Shaqaalaha Guud. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhowr bilood at isku dhan ka dib markii in 1814 Napoleon ka soo laabtay on Elba. Laga bilaabo of caanka ah "100-ka maalmood". Ants waqtigan ka dib markii xaalad xumeyd ee xaaladda Europe waxaa seconded in Arseniyu Zakrevskomu - mid ka mid ah xarunta Guud Ruush ee Vienna.

In xagaagii 1815 Napoleon waxaa ugu danbeyn ka adkaaday. The boqor hore waxaa loo diray si ay jasiiradda of Saint Helena, halkaas oo uu ku dhintay. Dhinaca kale, dhallinyarada Muravev Nikita triumphantly fuulay galay Paris. Sida dadka kale oo ka mid ah ololaha shisheeye Ruush, inuu la yaabay sida nolosha Yurub waa ka dhabta ah oo dalkiisii hooyo ee uu kala duwan. Waa waayo-aragnimada, kuwaas oo markii dambe keentay dad badan oo dhalinyaro ah si ay u noqdaan Decembrists ah. Dhanka kale, Ants dabaal guul kale oo saaxiibbadiis. In Paris uu helay badan oo muhiimadda ay leedahay in saaxiibbadiisii oo dhan, oo uu kula kulmay madaxda Revolution Faransiis ah - hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu Anri Greguarom, qoraa Benjamin Constant, iwm ...

Hoyashada

Dareen backwardness ee Russia ka West, Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich ka dib markii guriga soo laabtay tamarta cusboonaaday fulisay uu waxbarashada. Xataa markaas ayuu yiqiin badan Decembrists mustaqbalka. Waxay la wadaago xaaladaha Biography isla: dagaalka, xilli dibadda, aragti xamaasad of Europe ah oo lacag la'aan ah.

Ants taagnaa ee asal ahaan ka mid ah ururada ugu horeysay ee Decembrists ah. In 1816 waxaa la abuuray "Union of Salvation," iyo in 1818 - ". Samafalka ee Ururka" Ururka dambe ka mid ah oo ku saabsan 200 oo qof. Si rasmi ah, waxa uu ahaa qarsoodiga ah, laakiin dhab ahaan bulshada ayaa si weyn loo yaqaan. Waan ogeyn waxa ay ku saabsan iyo hogaanka aad. Ujeeddada Midowga waa in la baro dadka iyo, gaar ahaan, serfs ah. Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich iyo taageerayaashiisa rumeysan yahay in shar sare ee Russia ayaa ahaa kaliya addoonsiga ee dalka. In ridayeen ee la xoreeyay, waxay arkeen mustaqbalka dhalaalaya ee dalka.

"Midowga Welfare"

"Midowga Welfare," The Nikita Muravev la Sergeem Trubetskim iyo Aleksandrom Muravevym (xiriirta lahayn) qoray bulshada charter ah - ". Green Book" ah In waxa shuruudaha aasaasiga ah ee awoodda ku qanacsanayn la diyaariyey. Waxay doonayeen la baabiiyo of serfdom, burburinta -Raaxaysta- iyo bixitaanka ee dastuurka Ruush.

On the "Green Book" Waan ogaa xitaa Alexander I. Oo weliba, wuxuu iyadii siiyey inay akhriyaan uu loogu tala galay - walaalkiis ka yar Konstantin Nikolayevich. Markii hore, boqor ma fiiro gaar ah u urur ee Decembrists ah, iyaga ka fiirsaneysa inay dhalinyarada iyo nawaaxigeeda xiiso leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1820, Alexander opinion bedelay ka dib markii in Europe waxaa jiray dhowr Kacdoonkii, iyo Russia ka dhanka ah madaxda in ay ku caasiyoobeen guutada Semenov.

dastuurka qabyada ah

"Midowga Welfare" ayaa lagu kala diri ee 1821. Ka dib kala ururka Nikita Muravev bilaabay abuuritaanka Society Northern ah. Barbaro ah in ay this, isna wuxuu u adeegay in Ilaalada. In iyada oo leh ee Minsk, Decembrist horumariyo nuqulkii koowaad ee dastuurka mustaqbalka. Waxaa intaa dheer muuqday cusub muhiim ah in qodobada looga baahan yahay jirka. Dastuurka Nikita Mikhailovich Muraviev lagu qoray, waayo, dalka, taas oo nidaamka dhulgoosadka, qasabka ah, ayaa la baabbi'in lahaa degsiimooyinka military (sababtoo ah waxa oo ka fallaagoobay Semenov guutada). Boqortooyada waxay ahayd in la xadidaa. Mashruucan ayaa haatan lagu eedeynayaa by madaxda kale ee Decembrists ah.

Ants ahaa xubin ugu saameynta badan ee bulshada Northern siman ayay ugu fushan la Nikolai Turgenev, iyo qaar ka mid ah dadka kale ee dhallinyarada ah. Decembrist ma iloobin in aad la Pavlom Pestelem taabto. Waxa uu, ka bacdi, waxay ahayd madaxa Society koonfurta, iyo xataa sameeyey Muraveva xubin ka mid ah ay FIFA - Agaasimaha, inkastoo qaar ka mid ah farqiyada fikradaha.

The xiray oo la masaafuriyey

Bishii December 1825 Nikita Mihaylovich Muravev, kuwaas oo Biography waa tusaale ka mid ah nolosha ka mid ah tirooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Decembrist, ka tagay isagoo qoyskiisa fasax. Taas darteed, ayuu dhammaan dhacdooyinka la xiriira isku day seegay in ay sameeyaan kacdoon, on Square Senate taagan oo laga adkaado nidaamka gobolka cadhaysan. Muraviev waxaa la xiray dhowr maalmood ka dib, on 20 December. kaalintiisa uu nolosha bulshada qarsoodi ah ayaa sheegay in Arkady Mayboroda, saaxiib hore ee Pestel oo dhawaan ku biiray Society Southern.

In 1826, go'aan ka soo baxay maamulka, Ants loo musaafuriyay fooshii muddo 15 sano ah (ka dib xukun la dhimay). Guddiga Secret si ay u baaraan kiiska Decembrists ah, wuxuu soo bandhigay in uu sawir u gaar ah taariikhda bulshada kacaan. qofka la xukumay waxaa u adeegaya xabsi ah ee warshad Chita iyo Petrovsky. In la masaafuriyey, wuxuu dhawray in qaar ka mid ah Decembrists xiriiri. 10 sano Ants shaqada adag ka dib wuxuu u tegey si ay u degaan ee tuulada Urik Irkutsk. Waxaa uu ku hawlan beeraha, iyo xataa furay dhagax wax u gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhintay da'da 47, May 10, 1843, oo ma sugayaan dhaaf ah oo ku soo celi St. Petersburg.