Dagaalka ugu weyn ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic si taariikhiga: horyaalka, miiska

qayb A weyn ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, War The War Patriotic Great, ayaa door muhiim ah oo muhim ah in boosaska mid ka mid ah colaadda dhimashada badnaa ee caalamiga ah ee qarnigii XX ah.

Bob periodization

The iswajahaya shan sanno ah, ka dhacay gayiga oo ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda hore ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, taariikhyahanadu u qaybsan yihiin saddex.

1. Muddada aan (22.06.1941-18.11.1942) waxaa ka mid ah guurka ee USSR ah ood dagaal, "dagaal hillaac" failure qorshaha asalka ah ee Hitler, iyo sidoo kale in la abuuro xaalado ah ee jabitaanka koorsada ee ay falsayeen military ay guushu ku ah dalalka Isbahaysiga.
2. Period II (19.11.1942 - dhammaadka 1943) waxa uu la xidhiidhaa isbedel xagjirka ah ee isku dhaca ciidamada.
3. Period III (January 1944 - May 9, 1945) - guuldarro burburiyo ciidamada Nazi iyo eryidda ka dhulal Soviet, in la sii daayo oo ka mid ah dalalka of South-Bari iyo Bariga Yurub by Ciidanka Cas.

Sida ay u dhan bilaabay

dagaalo Major ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida iyo si kooban oo lagu faah faahinayo ka badan hal jeer. iyaga On laga wada hadli doonaa in this article.

weerar lama filaan ah oo degdeg ah ayaa Jarmal on Poland, dibna dalalka kale ee Yurub ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ay 1941 ku naasiga iyo xulafadooda qabtay dhulal weyn. Poland ka adkaadeen, halka Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Luxembourg iyo Belgium - ay dagan yihiin. France wuxuu ahaa in ay iska caabin maalmood 40 kaliya, ka dib markii taas oo ceelkii waxaa loo qabtay awoodaan. Naasiga Qabanay guuldarro weyn iyo u gudbinta Army British ah, ka dibna soo galay dhulka ee Balkans. Carqalada ugu weyn ee jidka Germany noqday Army Cas, oo waxay dagaal ugu weyn ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic cadaato in xoog iyo ruuxa ishaysta oo ka mid ah dadka Soviet, difaaca xoriyadda oo ah dhulkooda hooyo - taasi waa mid ka mid ah arrimo muhim in dagaalka guul ka dhanka ah cadowga.

"Qorshaha Barbarossa"

The qorshaha of amarka Jarmal ee USSR waxay ahayd oo kaliya dhilif ah, taas oo si fudud oo si deg deg ah suulin karin Jidka, iyada oo blitzkrieg waxa loogu yeero, mabaadii'da sida ku cad "Qorshaha Barbarossa".

Its horumarinta hoggaaminayey Janaraal Fridriha Paulyusa. Under qorshahan, ciidamada Soviet lahaa waa lagu baabbi'in in muddo gaaban Germany iyo xulafadeeda, iyo qayb ka mid ah Yurub ee Midowga Soofiyeeti - waxaa qabsaday. Waxaa la sii wareegay guuldaradii dhamaystiran iyo burburinta USSR.

dagaalka ugu weyn ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic, si taariikhi ah soo bandhigay, si cad u tilmaamaya on taas oo dhinaca lahaa faa'iido ah bilowga ah ee iska hor imaad ka dhacay iyo siday Ugu danbeentii waxa uu ku dhamaaday.

Qorshaha ayaa waxaa hami ee Jarmalka maleeyey in inta lagu guda jiro shanta bilood ee ay awoodaan in ay ku qabsadaan magaalooyinka muhiimka ah ee USSR iyo aad u hesho in line of Arkhangelsk-Volga in jaaket noqon doonaa. Dagaalka ka dhanka ah Soviet Union waxay ahayd in la buuxiyaa by dayrta 1941. Anigu ku tirin waxa on, Adolf Hitler. On amar uu, jihada bari diiradda rogo ciidamada ee Germany iyo wadamada huwanta. Waa maxay dagaalka ugu weyn ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ay lahaayeen in ay u adkaysan si loo dhaadhiciyay ee ay adagtahay in ay aasaasto saldanad adduunka ee Germany?

Waxaa loo maleeyey in raadka lagu saleyn doonaa saddex siyaabood oo si deg deg ah laga adkaado cadowga jidka saldanad adduunka taagan:

• Bartamaha (line Minsk-Moscow);
• Southern (Ukraine iyo Badda Madow);
• Waqooyi-galbeed (Leningrad iyo dalalka Baltiga).

dagaalka ugu weyn ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic: halganka caasimada

Hawlgalka ayaa in lagu soo qabto Moscow, iyo dhaleeco "duufaanka". Waxay lahaa bilowgii on September 1941-kii.

Hirgelinta qorshaha in ay qabsadaan caasimadda ah ee USSR la aaminay in koox ka mid ah ciidammadii "Center", waxaa lagu hogaaminayo Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Koox ka xoogbadan, Red Army ma aha oo kaliya by tirada askarta (1.2 jeer), laakiin sidoo kale armaments (in ka badan 2-laab). dagaal weyn ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida weli ugu dhakhsaha badan caddeeyeen in dheeraad ah ma aha xoog.

Dagaalka looga soo horjeedo Jarmalka jihada this ahaayeen ciidamo ka mid ah jabhada Koonfur-Galbeed, Northwestern, reer galbeedka iyo Reserve. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka qayb firfircoon ka colaadaha ka qaadeen jabhada iyo maleeshiyaadka.

Bilowgii iska hor imaad ah

Bishii Oktoobar, jihada dhexe ka jabay line ugu weyn ee difaaca Soviet: naasiga oo qabtay Vyazma iyo Bryansk. The line labaad, kaas oo lagu qabtay meel u dhow Mozhaisk, u suurtagashay in ay dib u dhigto bilawga dheer. Bishii Oktoobar 1941, madaxa Front Western noqday Georgy Zhukov, kuwaas oo sheegay in xaalad ah go'doominta ee Moscow.

By dhamaadka October, dagaal ka dhacay oo kaliya 100 kilomitir u jirta caasimadda.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, howlgallada military oo dagaal baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah dagaalkii labaad ee dunida tiro badan, fuliyay koorsada dhexe ee daafaca ee magaalada, mana uusan sii dayn reer Germany in ay qabsadaan Moscow.

Ujeedadu waxay ka leexdo oo dagaalka ku jira

Horeba November 1941, ayaa lagu reebay naasiga isku day la soo dhaafay ka adkaan Moscow. Advantage ahaa in Ciidamada Soofiyeeti, bixinta waxaa ku Sugno jidaynayey ka hortag sameeyay.

amarka Jarmal sababaha fashilaadooda eedeeyay on dayrta cimilada ah xun iyo waddooyinka xun. dagaalka ugu weyn ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic ayaa gariirin kalsoonida Jarmalka in ay adkaan karin u gaar ah. Oo Cadho failure Fuhrer amray in ay ku qabsadaan magaalada si qabow qaboobaha, iyo November 15, fashiistaha mar kale isku dayeen in ay tagaan on weerar. Inkastoo khasaaraha weyn, ciidamada Jarmal u suurtagashay in ay jebiyaan oo magaaladii.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay horumar dheeraad ah looga hortago naasiga ah, iyo isku day la soo dhaafay si ay ugu gudbo xagga Moscow ku dhammaaday fashil.

dhamaadka 1941 ayaa loo calaamadeeyay by hore ee Ciidanka Cas ee ciidamada cadowga. Horraantii January 1942, deday line oo dhan hore. Ciidamada soo duulay ee dib wado 200-250 kiiloomitir. Sidaas darteed hawlgalka guul, ciidamada Soviet xoreeyay, Ryazan ku Tula, gobolka Moscow ka, iyo sidoo kale degmooyinka qaar ka mid ah gobollada Orel, Smolensk, Kalinin. Inta lagu jiro iska hor imaad ah, Germany badiyay xaddi weyn oo qalabka, oo ay ku jiraan qaar ka mid ah 2,500 oo hub iyo 1,300 taangiyada.

dagaalka ugu weyn ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic, gaar ahaan, dagaal ee Moscow, caddeeyeen in guusha waxaa suurto gal ah, inkastoo ay ciidamada iyo Fadilmo farsamo.

xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ku saabsan Battle of Moscow

Mid ka mid ah dagaallada ugu muhiimsan ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah dalalka Soofiyeedku of Alliance Triple ah - dagaal ee Moscow, wuxuu ahaa epitome qorshaha cajiib ah khalkhal blitzkrieg ah. mana billaabeen askari Soviet kuwee kaliya hab si looga hortago in qabashada magaalada cadowga.

Sidaas daraaddeed, inta lagu guda jiro iska hor imaad ah oo ka mid ah Saraakiisha Ciidanka Red orday samada weyn, 35-mitir, buufinta. Ujeedada falalka waxay ahayd in la yareeyo sax ay doonayaan of qarax Jarmal. colossus Kuwani kacay inuu height ah 3-4 kiiloomitir iyo, halka ay jiraan, aad bay u adkaynaysaa shuqulka diyaaradaha cadowga.

In dagaalka ka badan toddoba milyan oo qof oo ka qeyb qaatay caasimadda. Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ugu weyn.

door caan ah ee Battle of Moscow ciyaaray Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky, oo hogaaminayey ciidanka 16-th. In dayrta ee 1941 Ciidamada uu hor istaagay jid Volokolamsk iyo Leningrad ee, ma jidaynayey cadowgu ku xadgudbin xagga magaalada. difaaca ayaa socday laba toddobaad at this site: Albaabbada ayaa Suurka kaydka Istra, iyo miino wajiyada caasimada.

Dhab ahaantii kale oo xiiso badan taariikhda dagaalka halyeeyga: dhexe ee October 1941 ayaa la xidhay metro Moscow ee. Waxa ay ahayd maalintii kaliya ee taariikhda metro Moscow ee, marka ma shaqeeyaan. argagaxa ay sababaan dhacdadan keentay in qax ah ee loo yaqaan - meel magaalada ahayd la tegey, waxay bilaabeen inay baayac mushtarka boobaya. Xaaladda ayaa la badbaadiyey, si ay u qaadaan tallaabo adag qaxay iyo Caddowga, sida laga soo xigtay oo xataa galin xad toogtay. Dhab ahaantii waxa uu joojiyay qax ah dadka ka Moscow iyo si ay u joojiyaan argagax.

Battle of Stalingrad

dagaalka ugu weyn ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ka dhacay duleedka magaalooyinka muhiimka ah ee dalka. Mid ka mid ah hor imaad ugu muhiimsan ahaa Battle of Stalingrad, taas oo uu qabtay qeybta ka July 17, 1942 si ay u February 2, 1943.

Ujeedada Jarmalka ee ku yaala goobahan ayaa ahayd horumar weyn xagga koonfureed oo dalka ka USSR, halkaas oo ay jiraan shirkado badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha qodniinka- iyo difaaca, iyo sidoo kale kaydka cuntada aasaasiga ah.

Waxbarashada Stalingrad Front

Inta lagu jiro weerar ku naasiga iyo xulafadooda, ciidamada Soviet soo kulmeen qasaare weyn oo dagaalka ku jira loogu talogalay Kharkov; Waxaan la jajabiyey hore Koonfur-Galbeed; kala qaybsanaanta iyo regiments Ciidanka Cas way ka kala firdheen, oo iyaduna ka mid ah jagooyinka deyr leh iyo steppe furan siiyey Jarmalka fursad ay ku tagaan shiidaa qaban ee Caucasus.

Noocan oo kale ah xaalad darradaas rajo la'aan ah USSR siiyey kalsooni Hitler ee guusha ku dhow ee mustaqbalka. qabashada Northern Caucasus, oo qayb ka ah "B" ujeedada ka mid ah "A" ahaa - - Stalingrad, halkaas oo biyaa Volga - halbowlaha biyo ugu weyn ee dalka On amar uu, Army "South" ah waxaa loo kala qaybiyey 2 qaybood.

muddo gaaban gudahood la qaatay Rostov-on-Don, iyo Jarmalka hormartay on Stalingrad. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in arrintan mar 2 Army, aasaasay macaanka ah gaadiidka weyn. Sidaas darteed, mid ka mid ah ciidammada ku siiyey amarka inuu ku soo laabto Caucasus. xirid Tani dib u weerar muddo wiig ah oo dhan.

In July 1942, waxaa la aasaasay by hal Stalingrad Front, ujeedada taas oo ahayd in la ilaaliyo magaalada ka mid ah ururada cadowga iyo difaaca. kakanaanta ee dhibaatada ku jiray oo dhan in qayb ka mid dhowaan la sameeyey ma lahayn waayo-aragnimo ah ee iskaashiga, waxaa jiray rasaas lahayn, oo halkaasna waxaa joogay difaaca lahayn.

Ciidamada Soviet ahaayeen by tirada dadka Jarmal -Arday, laakiin liita iyagii u soo dhowaad kalabar in qalab iyo hub, taas oo u baahnaydeen.

Halganka quus Ciidanka Cas hoos galo in cadowgu ku Stalingrad, laakiin bishii September, dagaalka ka meelaha durugsan magaalada dhaqaaqay. Dhammaadkii bishii Agoosto, Jarmalka waxaa la soo dersay burburinta Stalingrad, marka hore diyaarinta qarax, ka dibna waxa ay ku tuureen bam oo sare-qarxa iyo hawadda.

Operation "Ring"

Dadka deegaanka oo u diriray mitir kasta oo dhulka. Natiijada bilood badan oo iska hor imaad waxa uu noqday tub oo dagaalka ku jira ah, ee January 1943 bilaabay howlgalka "Ring", kaas oo socday muddo 23 maalmood ah.

Its natiijada ay aheyd guuldaradii ee cadowga, baabbi'isa oo ciidankiisa iyo is dhiibin on February 2, ciidamada badbaaday. Tani waxa ay ahayd guul degdeg ah a koorsada hawlgallada milateri, gariiriyey jagada Germany iyo su'aalo saamaynta ay ku leedahay dalalka kale. Wuxuu siiyey dadka Soviet rajeynayaa guul mustaqbalka.

Dagaalka Kursk

Jabiyaan ciidamada Jarmal iyo xulafadooda ay ugu Stalingrad noqday wadadii uu xaqiiqda ah in Hitler, si looga fogaado ka arrinka la xiriira baahinta gudahood Midowga Heshiiska Saddexleyda ah ee, ay go'aansadeen in ay fuliyaan howlgal culus oo ku saabsan weerar ka dhanka ah Ciidanka Cas, kaas oo la helay magaca code "khan". Dagaalka waxa uu bilowday on July 5 ee isla sannadkaas. Kooxda Jarmalka ayaa bilaabay a taangiyada cusub oo ma cabsi ciidamada Soviet, si ay u siiyaan iska caabin ah wax ku ool ah. By 7 July Labo Kooxood ayaa laga badiyay tiro aad u badan oo dad ah iyo qalab, iyo dagaalka taangiga hoos Ponyri keentay in khasaaraha ka mid ah tiro badan oo ah baabuurta Jarmal iyo dadka. Tani ayaa cadeeyay arrin muhiim ah si ay ufududeeyaan protrusion naasiga Kursky on waqooyiga gabal.

taangiga Record dagaalka

July 8 at Prokhorovka waxaa ku xidhnaa dagaalka ugu weyn ee taangiga of dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Ka qaybgalka shirka goob joog ka ahaa 1,200 gaadiidka dagaalka. iswajahaya ayaa socday dhowr maalmood. boosaska ayaa yimid on 12 July markii Prokhorovka ka dhacay isku mar labo dagaalka taangiga ku dhamaatay barbaro. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in mid ka mid ahaa labada dhinac ayaa lagu qabtay hindise muhim, weerar Jarmal la joojiyey, oo u guuray qayb ka mid ah weerar of July 17 wajiga daafaca dagaalka. Its natiijada ahayd in Jarmalka ayaa dib u xagga koonfureed oo dalka socodyada Kursk ku riixay, si ay markii hore taagnayd. Bishii August, Belgorod iyo Orel ayaa la sii daayay.

Waa maxay dagaalka weyn ka gaareen dagaalkii ugu Great Patriotic? Tani waxa ay ahayd dagaalka mucaaradka on Kursk ah, gooye muhim taasoo - xoraynta ee sanadka Kharkiv 23.08.1944. Dhacdadani waxa uu dhammaystay taxane ah oo dagaalo waaweyn ee Midowga Soofiyeeti calaamadsan bilowgii xoraynta Europe ciidamada Soviet.

dagaal Major ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, miiska

Waayo, faham wanaagsan ee dagaalka, gaar ahaan xagga ugu weyn ee dagaalo ay, waxaa jira miiska muujinaya dhacdo soo noqnoqda.

dagaal Major ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, oo magacyadoodiina waa la yaqaan maanta, dadka da'da ah oo dhan, waxa uu noqday marag ah kama taagna in xoogga ruuxii iyo doonistii dadka Soviet, uma oggolaan doono in la aasaaso xukunka fashiistaha, ma aha oo kaliya in Midowga Soofiyeeti, laakiin sidoo kale adduunka oo dhan.