British Hong Kong (British Hong Kong) - History. deegaanada hore ee British

British Hong Kong - waxbarashada dadweynaha, kuwaas oo la sheegay in ay Shiinaha iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Nidaamka A adag ee heshiisyada caalamiga ah ka dhigay jasiirad ay tani tahay ficil ahaan madax-bannaan oo ka in, iyo dalalka kale, oo shuruucda canshuur deeqsi ogolaan gobolka si ay u noqdaan mid ka mid ah gobolada ugu dhaqsiyaha badan sii kordhaya ee adduunka.

prehistory

History of Hong Kong bilaabmaa ku dhowaad 30,000 oo sano ka hor. Sida laga soo xigtay qadiimiga ah, waa mid ka mid ah rukummada ugu caansan dunida oo, halkaas oo raad dadkii hore laga helay. Muddo dheer arrintan si buuxda ay leeyihiin Shiinaha. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada qoyskii Tang ah , gobolka waxaa loo yaqaan xarunta caalamiga ah ee ganacsiga. Hong Kong ayaa lagu yaqaan saare weyn oo milix ah, dekedda badda, xarunta tahriibka.

Bilowgii dagaalkii xashiishad ah

In 1836, dawladda Shiinaha qaadeen dib u eegis weyn ee siyaasadda oo duurka ku ah iibka ipium ceeriin. Lin ku heshiiyeen in ay qaataan on hawsha ka xanibeen faafidda xashiishad. In March 1839 wuxuu noqday Guddoomiyaha Imperial gaarka ah ee Canton, halkaas oo ay ganacsatada ajnabiga ah lagu amray in ay ka tanaasulaan kaydka ipium ay. Wuxuu ku koobnayn helaan ganacsatada British iyo warshadaha Canton u awoodin inuu iyaga ka go'ay sahay. Madaxa Baarayaasha on ganacsiga, Charles Elliott, Lin ayaa isku raacay in la fuliyo danbays ah in ay u oggolaadaan ammaan ka tago suuqa ipium waayo, baayacmushtariyadaadu waxay British iyo kharashka la xiriira waa in lagu xalin by heshiis u dhexeeya labada dowladood. Elliott balan qaaday in dowladda Britain bixin doonto kaydka ipium ganacsatada maxalliga ah. Sidaa darteed, ganacsatada shubo sanaaduuq ay, taas oo ahayd 20,283 kg ee xashiishad. Ka dibna, kaydka, kuwaas oo lagu reebay kulan dad badan.

hadalka by British ah

British Golaha Wasiirada go'aansaday in dadka Chinese waa in la ciqaabaa in September 1839. dadka East lahaa in lagu bixiyo burburinta hantida British. Expeditionary Force ayaa waxaa madax u Charles Elliot iyo Walaalkiis 1840. guryaha la kormeero, Rabbiga Palmerston. Waxa ay ahayd in uu codsi in Imperial Dowladda Shiinaha, waxaa la sheegay in masuuliyiinta British hana Murmina xaq u leeyahay inuu maamulo ay ganacsiga xashiishad Chinese gaar ah, laakiin diiday in siyaabaha ay ganacsiga this waa la fuliyay. Rabbiga arkay giijisan boqol lama filaan ah gacanta ugu ipium sida dabin for shisheeye (horrayn - for the British) ganacsatada, ipium iyo sahayda cayriin xanibeen soo bandhigay sida tallaabo aan habboonayn oo aan sax ahayn. Si ay u taageeraan tallaabo codsigan, Sayidka Rabbiga ahu wuxuu baray Asluubta ee Expeditionary in mashquulin mid ka mid ah jasiiradaha u dhow, iyo haddii Chinese ah ha ka fikirina ku filan shuruudaha British ah, dekedaha dalka Shiinaha oo ka mid ah Yangtze iyo block Yellow maxkamadda British. In codsiga, waxaa la sheegay in ganacsatada British waa in aan la muquurtay shuruudaha sharci darro ah aan furfurnayn ee maamulka maxalliga ah in mid ka mid ah dekadaha ee boqortooyadiisa Shiinaha.

isku raacay

In 1841, ka dib markii wadahadalo kula Mr. Qamaan Shan, kuwaas oo ku guulaystay Lin halyeeyga, Elliott ku dhawaaqday heshiis bilow ah, kaas oo la aqoonsan yahay waxay xaq u of British ah in jasiiradda Hong Kong oo ay dekedda. Sayidka ayaa ku dhashay Hong Kong British ah. Flag of Great Britain toogtay kor u qalcad jir ee jasiiradda, iyo Taliyaha Dzheyms Bremen qabsadeen jasiiradda magaca Crown British ah. Hong Kong ballan qaaday in ay saldhig muhiim u ah bulshada ganacsiga British gobolka Canton ah. In 1842. kala iibsiga ee jasiiradda waxaa si rasmi ah ka bixinin, iyo Hong Kong «weligaaba" noqday gumeysi a British.

Balaadhinta gumeysi

Heshiiska, oo ay kala saxiixdeen Ingiriiska iyo dowladda Shiinaha ma ay dhergin kari lahaa hana ka mid ah dhinaca kale toona. In dayrta ee 1856, mas'uuliyiinta Shiinaha xiray weel ka tirsan Shiinaha, goobta soo dhoweynta waa Hong Kong British ah ayaa lagu tilmaamay. Qunsulka ee Canton ka codsaday madaxda dalka Shiinaha oo la sheegay in lagu hayo sida waa xumeeysay si nooca aad u daran. Maamulka Hong Kong ayaa qabtay dhacdadan si loo horumariyo siyaasadda iyaga u gaar ah. In guga ee 1857 Rabbiga Palmerston magacaabay wakiilka Eldzhvina dhinaca British in arrinta ganacsiga iyo difaaca, oo waxaa isaga la oggol yahay in uu saxiixo, heshiis dheeraad ah oo qaali ah oo cusub oo Shiinaha. Isla mar ahaantaana British ay go'aansatay in ay xoojiso booska in wada xaajoodka soo socda, oo dhameystirtay guryaha u gaar ah oo ay ciidamada Expeditionary Faransiis. In 1860, falalka wadajir ah ayaa lagu qabtay Dagu qalcaddii oo qabsadeen Beijing, taasoo keentay in dowladda Shiinaha si ay u aqbalaan dalabka British. In taariikhda galisey hoggaanka axsaabta mucaaradka ah ayaa la magacaabay dagaalladii ganacsiga xashiishad, kuwaasoo mid walba uu balaarisay dhulka dibada ee Ingiriiska Empire iyo dhamaaday guul of China. Sida laga soo xigtay heshiis saxiixay, British ah ay awoodaan in la furo dekedaha iyaga u gaar ah, si xor ah ugu socdaan ilaa River Yangtze, waxaa la soo laabtay xaq u leedahay inaad si sharci ah ku ganacsan in ipium iyo leedahay howlgalada ay diblomaasiyadeed u gaar ah ee Beijing. Waxaa intaa dheer, inta lagu guda jiro isku dhacu, jidhkaaga oo Ingiriisi ah qaadan karto Peninsula Kowloon ah. banka Tani waa ka qiima laga faa'iideysan karo - waxaa dhisi kari waayay magaalo iyo a line cusub daafaca.

Expansion iyo xoojinta

By qarnigii 19aad, degay waxay doonayeen in ay ballaariso Hong Kong British ah difaaca. Munaasabaddan, gorgortanka isaga oo wata kooxda reer Chinese ayaa la bilaabay, taas oo keentay in saxiixa heshiiska labaad ee Beijing June 9, 1989. Sida dawladaha ajnabiga ah mar hore ku heshiiyeen in aynaan wiiqi kara qaranimada ee Shiinaha iyo cad cad in ay ku jeexjeexi iska dhulka, Hong Kong British ah helay ansixin gobolka kale. Tani waxay ogol yahay Shiinaha in "Waji gabax" oo ah qaab awood magacaaban badan diidniintayda u ah dalka, iyo British ah - dhab ahaantii ay maamulaan Hong Kong si amaah ah. dalka Hong Kong ahaa niman beerrey ah u dowladda Ingiriiska 99 sano. Intaa waxaa dheer, oo hoos timaad u hayaamay Britain waxaa la siiyey 230, kaas oo noqday yaqaan dhulka British cusub. Rasmi ah, Britain galeen oo qaateen dhulkii ku meel gaar ah ee Hong Kong iyo inta kale ee dalka ee 1899. Halkan waxaa ku shaqeeya xeerar u gaar ah in ay ka soo waynaha kala duwan, ka shaqeeya maxkamadaha, booliiska iyo caadooyinka - in dhammaan xoogga saaraan kartaa madaxbannaanida Hong Kong British ah. qadaadiic waxa uu ahaa in wareegga ee gobolka this oo dhan ee koonfur bari Asia.

sano oo dagaal

Ka hor dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, Hong Kong keentay jiritaanka degan mid ka mid ah deegaanada badan oo British, kuwaas oo kala firdheen adduunka oo dhan. Tan iyo bilowgii talaabo military, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay xoojiyaan howlgalka ciidamada ilaalinta territory British cusub la mas'uuliyiinta Shiinaha. In 1941, British ah heshiis iskaashi ciidamada, sida laga soo xigtay oo weerarkii lagu qaaday British Hong Kong ciidanka Shiinaha qaranka weerari lahaa Japanese ka xaggiisa dambe. Taas waxaa la samayn waa inay ku buriyaan cadaadis cadowga on ciidankii Ingiriiska. December 8 dagaalka bilaabay markii Hong Kong, kaas oo inta lagu qarxiyay hawada Japanese dhab halaagnay Air Force Ingiriiska ee hal weerar. Laba maalmood ka dib, Japan ayaa dhex maray khadka difaaca ee dhulal cusub. Taliyaha British, Major-General Christopher Maltbi garawsannay in gasiiraddaas la ma dheer socon oo aan xoojin doonaa yimid, si Taliyaha ka soo jeeda barriga noqday damiska. On 18 December, Japanese qabteen Victoria Harbor ah. Sida of 25 December, abaabulay Difaaca ahaayeen oo kaliya meelo yar oo iska caabin ah. Maltbi talinayaa isu dhiibay Guddoomiyaha Hong Kong - Sir Mark Young, kuwaas oo qaatay talo si aad u yarayso burburinta suurto galka ah ee magaalada iyo dekedda.

duulaankii Japanese

Maalintii xigtay, ka dib duulaankii ee Generalissimo Chiang soo saaray amarka saddex Asluubta Chinese hoos amarka General J. Hanmou leexdo xagga Hong Kong. Qorshuhu wuxuu ahaa inuu ku soo bilowdo weerarka maalinta sannadka cusub ee ciidamada shaqo Japan ee gobolka of Canton. Laakiin xitaa ka hor lugta Shiinaha ahaa awoodaan si ay u dhisaan oo ay line u gaar ah ee weerarka, Japanese ku soo jabay daafaca reer Hong Kong. khasaaraha British ahaayeen culays: askari oo 2232 lagu dilay iyo 2,300 ku dhaawacmay. Japan ayaa sheegay in ay laga badiyay 1996 dhintay iyo 6000 dhaawac ah. shaqo Japanese culus keenay wax badan oo dhibaato. magaalada ayaa la burburiyay, dad ka tagay Hong Kong. Wadankaas ayaa waxa ay haysato hoos u dhac dhaqaale iyo bulsho, dadka oo ka mid ah deegaanada British kala qaaran yihiin. Japan ayaa u direen xabsigii talada aqoonyahanada dalka Ingiriiska oo wuxuu damcay inuu badiyeen ah ganacsatada maxalliga ah by magacaabayo loox talinta iyo la socodka proteges iyaga u gaar ah. siyaasadda Tani waxay keentay in ay iskaashi sal ballaadhan on qayb ka mid ah aqoonyahanada dalka, iyo tan iyo dabaqadda dhexe, cabsi fog wax ka yar in kale magaalo Shiinaha.

shaqo Japan

Hong Kong ayaa lagu beddelaa gumeysi a Japanese, iyada oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha ganacsiga Japan in bedelay British ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Empire Japanese ku lahaa dhibaatooyin halis ah saadka, iyo 1943 sahayda cuntada dhibaato ee Hong Kong. Dawladda ayaa noqday more dulmiga iyo musuqmaasuqa, iyo niyad aqoonyahanada dalka Shiinaha. Ka dib is dhiibin Japan, ka unit in bacdi Ingiriiska celinta ahaa aan xanuun lahayn, sida nationalist waynaha iyo ciidamada communist ayaa isku diyaarinaya dagaal sokeeye iyo iska indho baahida iyo caqabadaha Hong Kong. In shaqo waqti-dheer ayaa u xoogaystay si ay pre-dagaal bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha bulshada ganacsiga Shiinaha by baabi'inta qaar ka mid ah khilaafaadka oo xiiso leh taas oo horseeday in hoos u dhac in ay sharafta iyo xooggii British ah.

Dib u soo celinta Qaranimada Chinese

amerikanskiyh faleebo iyo lacag British si deg deg ah soo qaadaan gumeysi ah. The horumarinta post-dagaal ee Hong Kong ayaa muujinaya tartiib tartiib ah, ka dibna - iyo weynna u kobcay dhaqaalaha. In dabayaaqadii 80 ee, Hong Kong waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah afar "Oriental Dragon" si guul ah ka haya ay booska in waqti xaadirka ah. In 1997, waxaa jiray kala iibsiga oo shir ku ah xuquuqda in Dowladda Hong Kong ee dalka Shiinaha. gumeysi taaj British dayn inay jiraan, iyo Hong Kong magac noqday qayb ka mid ah Shiinaha. Laakiin magaalada ayaa loo ilaalin ay xorriyadda iyo go'doon kaga keceen oo gobolladii kale ee dalka Shiinaha. Waxaa ka shaqeeya maxkamadaha u gaarka ah, ayaa soo saartay xeerar u gaar ah, waxay leedahay maamul u gaar ah iyo caadooyinka. Hong Kong - Shiinaha ayaa qayb ahaan oo kaliya, oo ay tahay lagama yaabo inuu qeyb ka mid ah nidaamka guud ee maamulka mustaqbalka dhow noqon doono.

Hong Kong Capital

Hong Kong - dal leh shiidaa territory lahayn. Waxay leedahay ma caasimada ee dareenka caadiga ah ee erayga. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in magaalada Hong Kong Hong Kong qudhiisu waa. Isla mar ahaantaana, ilo kala duwan ayaa tilmaamaya in Victoria waa caasimadda ah ee Hong Kong City. Goobtani waxa ay haybadda leh ee Magaalooyinka ah, kuwaas oo dhammaan dhismayaasha siyaasadda iyo maamulka ayaa ku urursan muddada Raj British ah. Ka dib markii uu dhacayo ee kirada Victoria City mid ka mid kaliya oo ka mid ah meelaha Hong Kong ahaa, sidaas oo ra'yi ah in meeshan waa magaalada Hong Kong, waa dhacsan oo aan arrin run ah.

casri ah Hong Kong

The horumarinta-dagaal post deg deg ah oo ka mid ah gobolka Bariga Fog ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in British casriga Hong Kong waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah magaalada ugu firfircoon iyo in la horumariyo dunida oo dhan. The la'aanta gebi ahaanba khayraadka dabiiciga ah ayaa looga hortagi si ay u gaaraan dhulka lagu muransan yahay ee heerka ugu sareeya ee nool. Tan waxa u sabab horumarinta sharciyada, kaabayaasha qumman iyo meel juquraafi faa'iidada badan.

Hong Kong awooday in la helo Misbaax ee dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah, oo waxay noqdeen weeraryahan ee elektaroonigga ah, dhar, dhar iyo warshadaha korontada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, engine ugu weyn ee horumarka ah ee Hong Kong waa warshadaha adeeg. Inta badan dadka ku nool gobolka waxaa ka shaqeeya, bangiyada, shirkadaha maaliyadeed ee ganacsiga iyo hotel. Wada-hawlgalayaasha weyn ee Hong Kong ayaa waxa ay yihiin Maraykanka, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska.

Hong Kong ee wadnaha

xarunta Hong Kong la oran karo waa sida jasiiradda u qaybsan yahay laba qaybood, kaas oo ay leeyihiin xadka dabiiciga ah ee qaab iyo gacanka. Inta u dhaxaysa dhulweynaha iyo jasiiradda saddex tunnel dhulka hoostiisa dhigay. On jasiiradda yihiin xafiisyada maamulka ugu muhiimsan ee Hong Kong, oo ay ku jiraan Xarunta World Financial, jir ah iyo dhismaha cusub ee Bank of China, Exhibition Centre dunida ee. madadaalo intooda badan. dukaamo Fashion, matxafyada qaraami ah iyo kooxo kale oo ku yaal jasiiradda, si waqtigan ku saabsan yahay. Hong Kong la oran karo waa sida xarunta gobolka a dadku ku badan yihiin ee koonfur bari Asia.

for Jannada nin socoto ah ee

New Hong Kong - Jannada loogu talogalay iyo kuwo madadaalo iyo shopping. The dukaamada degaanka yihiin ururinta ee wata magac caan ah oo qiimihiisu uu hooseeyo, iyo diskotigyada badan, baararka iyo cawaysyada u furan yihiin dadweynaha saacad kasta. Lovers of qaybaha leisurely iyo qadiimiga sidoo kale ku qanci doontaa - in Hong Kong ka tagay waxyaabo badan oo ah meelaha la ilaaliyo iyo firdows, halkaas oo aad ku raaxaysan karaan nooca Sucuudiga ee willing to ah. Like dalxiisayaasha, iyo matxafyo badan iyo kaniisado, halkaas oo aad ka arki kartaa bandhigaa gaar ururiyay kun oo sano ee taariikhda ee Hong Kong ka badan, si aad u aragto taallo weyn ee Buddha dunida, si ay u booqdaan tuulooyinka fogfog, halkaas oo wali qadarin ku dhaqanka qadiimiga. Itaaliya doonaa in aan la niyad - in kasta oo ay cufnaanta tirada dadka wayn, Hong Kong ahaa oo weli ah mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu nadiifsan ee dunida. Iyadoo isgaarsiinta waa in wax dhibaato ah ma - inta badan dadka ku nool Hong Kong hadli wanaagsan Ingiriisi.

Haddii aad waqti iyo fursad - si ay u booqdaan this jasiiradda la yaab leh - dareenkaa ee casriga ah Hong Kong, si yaab leh isku daraa gaboobay iyo casriga, sii joogi doono in xasuustaada ee Meyeydaan.