Bertolt Brecht: Biography, taariikhda nolosha, hal-abuurka iyo buugaagta ugu wanaagsan

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956 GG.) - mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaad tiyaatarka Jarmal ugu weyn, ka curiya ugu kartida badan ee uu waqti, laakiin ciyaarta oo weli waa caan ah oo waxaa la geliyaa tiyaataro badan oo dunida. Qoraaga Tani tiraab iyo Abwaan, iyo sidoo kale Abuuraha reer masraxa "Berliner galidoonaan". Bertolda Brehta abuurka waxay isagii hor geeyeen si ay u abuuraan isbedel cusub ee "masraxa siyaasadda." Waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Jarmal ee Augsburg. Tan iyo yaraantiisii, wuxuu ahaa xiiso tiyaatarka, laakiin qoyskiisa ku adkeystay in uu ahaa dhakhtar, ka dib markii dugsiga sare waxa uu galay Jaamacadda. Lyudviga Maksimiliana ee Munich.

Bertolt Brecht: Biography iyo shuqullo

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isbedel weyn ayaa ka dhacay ka dib markii uu kulan la qaatay qoraaga caanka Jarmal Leon Fayhvangerom. Markiiba wuu ogaaday a tayo cajiib ah wiil dhalinyaro ah oo isaga lagula talinayaa in ay sameeyaan suugaanta dhow. Waqtigaa Brecht dhammeeyey uu play "Fuustada habeenka", taas oo ku riday mid ka mid ah tiyaatarada Munich ee.

By 1924, ka dib ka qalin jaamacad inay qabsadaan, Berlin dhallinyarada Bertolt Brecht. Uu Biography muujinaysaa in ay sugayaan kulanka kale cajiib ah agaasimaha caanka Erwin Piscator. Sannad ka dib, tusmo this abuurtaa a "masraxa proletarian".

Biography kooban oo Bertolda Brehta muujinaysaa in Abwaan qudhiisu ma ahaa taajir, iyo lacag isaga u gaar ah ma noqon doono ku filan si aad u ballansan oo ka curiya caanka iibsan gogo '. Taasi waa sababta Brecht go'aansatay in ay qoraan iyaga u gaar ah.

Laakiin wuxuu bilaabay falaadeyno la riwaayadaha caanka ah, ka dibna u tegey ku kallifto shuqullada suugaanta caan ah jilayaasha non-xirfadeed.

shaqada masrixiyada

Jidka Creative of Bertolda Brehta bilaabay ciyaarta "The Threepenny Opera" by John Gay, in uu buugga "The miskiinkii ee Opera," taas oo mid ka mid ah u safto tijaabo sida ugu horeeyay noqday, dhigay 1928.

dhagarta sheegayaa sheeko oo ka mid ah nolosha dhowr vagrants saboolka ah, kuwaas oo ay joojiyaan at waxba, iyo si walba doondoonaan hab-nololeedka ah. Performance ku dhow isla markiiba noqday caan ah sida tuugsanaya, vagrants ka hor ma ay watteen oo ku saabsan marxaladda.

Markaas Brecht, wada jir ah ula wada Piscator uu dhigeysa in masraxa "Volksbühne" sheeko labaad by play wadajir Gorky "Hooyo".

ruux kacaanka

In Germany, halka Jarmalka ayaa raadinaya waddooyin cusub oo horumarinta iyo dhismaha dawladda, iyo sidaa darteed waxaa jirta distemper gaar ah. Markaasaa jinnigii u kacaan this of Bertolt aad u badan oo la kulmay ruuxa niyadda ee bulshada.

Taasi waxaa xigay play Brecht ee Jilidda cusub oo novel ah by story J. Hasek oo ku saabsan adventures ee Askariga Good Schweik. Waxaa soo jiidatay dadkii ugu dhagaystayaasha in la macno sarreysa xaaladaha kaftan ah maalin walba, iyo ugu muhiimsan - midabo theme anti-dagaal.

Laakiin halkan on qanacsanayn qoraaga dhacay naasiga, kuwaas oo si xoog yimid waqtigan. Sidaa darteed, by 1933, ee tiyaatarada shaqaalaha Jarmal ah ayaa la mamnuucay. Kolkiiba ayuu wax lagu qasbay in ay ka baxaan dalka, oo Bertolt Brecht.

Biography muujinaysaa in waqtiga uu guursaday Aktarada caanka ah Elene Vaygel, iyo in iyada la, uu u wareegay Finland.

Jobs ee Finland

Waxaa uu bilaabaa in ay ka shaqeeyaan play ah "Hooyo Courage oo Her Children." Goob The, ayuu ciyey kitaabkii dad Jarmal, taas oo qeexaya adventures of torgashki ah inta lagu guda jiro War Soddon Sanno '.

State of Nazi Germany, uu kari weyday, oo keligay baa hadhay, oo sidaas daraaddeed waxaan siiyey midabka siyaasadeed ee play "Cabsi iyo Naar ah Reich Saddexaad" iyo muujisay in sababaha iyada run u timid xisbiga Nazi ee Hitler.

dagaal

Inta lagu guda jiro labaad ee adduunka Finland noqday xulafo la ah Germany, Brecht, oo sidaas daraaddeed lahaa inay mar kale haajiraan, laakiin markan in America. Wuxuu Yeela waxaa uu play cusub "Life of Galileo" (1941), "Qofka The Good of Szechwan", "Mr. Puntilla oo addoonkiisa Matti."

Sida ku salaysan ayaa la geeyay sheekooyinka dad caan ah iyo korhin. Waxa ay u muuqataa in ay sahlan oo cad, laakiin Brecht, kula dhaqmaya si guud falsafada, iyaga ka soo celin masaallo. Sidaas riwaayadaha ku doonayeen cusub ee ra'yi dhiibashada ka mid ah fikirrada, fikrado iyo waxay aaminsan yihiin.

Taganka Tiyaatarka

Qaab masrixiyada ku jiray oo xiriir dhow la maqlayo. Gabay ah, mararka qaarkood dhagaystayaasha ayaa lagu casuumay in ay marxaladda oo wuxuu toos ah ugu lug play ah. Waxyaalahaas dhaqmaan dadka Garaaci cayn. Oo si aad u wanaagsan waa ogaha Bertolt Brecht. Uu Biography ku jira wax kale oo aad u xiiso badan, waxaa soo baxday, Taganka Moscow ee Tiyaatarka ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay inuu u ciyaaro Brecht. Agaasimaha Lyubimov sameeyey play ah "Qofka Good ee Szechwan" astaamaha of tiyaatarka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa iyadoo qaab kale oo yar.

Markii uu dagaalku dhamaaday, isla markiiba wuu noqday oo Europe iyo Bertolt Brecht. Biography ayaa warbixin uu deganaa ee Austria. Faa'iideysan qaab iyo sarra ku jiray riwaayadaha oo dhan, taas oo uu dib ugu soo qoray in America, "The Caucasian Chalk Circle", "Rise of Arturo UI". play ugu horeysay ee uu soo bandhigay aragti in filimka Charles Chaplin ee "The Great kaligii taliye" iyo isku dayeen in ay ku dhameysan leh, waxa ma uusan dhammayn Chaplin.

Tiyaatarka "Berliner galidoonaan"

In 1949, ee Berthold casuumay inay ka shaqeeyaan tiyaatarka GDR ah "Berliner galidoonaan", halkaas oo uu noqday agaasimaha farshaxanka iyo agaasimaha. Waxa uu ku qoray qabsiga stage of shuqullada ugu weyn ee suugaanta adduunka: "Vassa Zheleznov" iyo "Hooyo" qadhaadh, "jaakad dhogorta Beaver" iyo "diiqii Red The" G. Hauptmann.

Iyada oo qaab ciyaareedkiisa uu kalabadhka safray daafaha dunida iyo, dabcan, booqday USSR, halkaas oo sanadkii 1954, kii ayaa loo Lenin Peace Prize.

Bertolt Brecht: Biography, liiska buugaagta

Bartamihii 1955-Brecht, at da'da 57 sano bilaabay inaan dareemo inaan aad u xanuunsan, uu da'doodu u, socday, ku tiirsan bakoorad. Oo wuxuu kaloo sameeyey doonistiisa ah taas oo uu ku tilmaamay in sanduuq la jidhkiisa waxba kama soo bandhigay dadweynaha iyo ma dhihi khudbado sagootin ah.

hal sano si sax ah ka dib guga, ka shaqeeya masraxa on saarka ee "Life Gadileya" Brekhov on lugaha u xanuunsadaa weerar wadnaha yar, raacay, by dhamaadka xagaaga, uu caafimaad ka sii dartay, iyo weerar wadnaha weyn uu u dhintay August 10, 1956.

Halkan on this iyo waxa suurto gal ah in ay ku dhameysan theme ee "Breht Bertold:. Story nolosha Biography" Waxaa weli kaliya in aad ku darto in nolosheyda oo dhan, ninkan la yaab leh shuqullo badan oo suugaanta ku qoray. Best yaqaan for riwaayadaha uu, marka lagu daro kor ku xusan, waa "Bacal" (1918), "Nin waa nin" (1920), "Life ee Galileo" (1939), "Caucasian Chalk The" iyo qaar badan, kuwo kale oo badan.