Xumaanshaha parenchymal. anatomy silica

Mararka qaarkood, in bukaan eegida jirto wax sida xumaanshaha parenchymal sida. anatomy bahal iyaga la xidhiidha rabshooyin baqashada-shiid. In la eego fudud, jidhka jabo geeddi-socodka sahayda iyo raasamaal nafaqooyin, taas oo horseedaysa morphological isbedelka (muuqaalka). Muujin cudurada noqon kartaa qaybta ama ka dib taxane ah oo baadhitaano aadka u gaar ah. Parenchymal iyo xumaanshaha stromal-vascular waa ku saleysan cuduro badan oo dilaa ah.

qeexid

xumaanshaha parenchymal - waa geedi socodka bahal ah oo keeni isbeddel ah ee qaab-dhismeedka gacanta ee xubnaha ka ah. Waxaa ka mid ah hababka of unugyada cudurka is qarsan disorder tamarta deficit la fermentopathy, xanuunada discirkulatornaya (dhiig, lymph, interstitium, dheecaanka intercellular), hormoonada iyo xumaanshaha cerebral.

Waxaa jira dhawr habab ee xumaanshaha:

- dhexgalka, in uu yahay, gaadiidka xad dhaaf ah ee alaabta dhiig-shiid gudaha cell ama meesha bannaan ee extracellular sabab u failure ah in nidaamka enzyme oo jidhka ah;

- daatay ama PHANEROZOIC ka dhigan dhismeedka intracellular suuska, taas oo horseedaysa in ay carqalad ah shiid iyo raasamaal ee alaabta dheefshiidka unoxidized;

- Avv qalloocan ee walxaha ku jira caadi cell ma ciyaaro,

- Isbadal ee nafaqooyinka galaya gacanta si ay u dhisaan mid kasta oo nooc ka mid ah dhamaadka-soo saarka (borotiinada, dufanka ama carbohydrates).

kala soocidda

Cudurada yihiin noocyada soo socda ee dystrophies parenchymal:

1. Iyada oo ku xidhan isbedelka morphological:

- Gaarna parenchymal;

- stromal-vascular,

- qasan.

2. Sida ku cad nooca walxaha ururtay:

- protein ama disproteinozy;

- baruurta ama lipidoses;

- carbohydrate,

- macdanta.

3. Sida baahsanaanta ee geedi socodka:

- Nidaamka;

- maxaliga ah.

4. By waqtiga dhacdo:

- heleen;

- dhasho.

Kuwa ama xumaanshaha parenchymal anatomy kale bahal qeexayaa ma aha oo kaliya wakiilada waxyeello, laakiin sidoo kale on gaarka ah ee unugyada ay saameeyeen. guurka ah oo ka mid ah in Dystrophy kale waa aragti ahaan macquul ah, laakiin ficil ahaan suurto gal ah cudurada oo kaliya marka la isku daro. xumaanshaha parenchymal - waa nuxurka geedi socodka ka dhacda unugyada, laakiin qayb ka mid kaliya ee syndrome daawayn oo ay ku jiraan deficiency morphological iyo functional of unug gaar ah.

Disproteinozy

jidhka bini'aadamka inta badan ka kooban tahay borotiinada, iyo biyaha. taagoo Protein waa qayb ka mid ah derbiyada gacanta, xuubka ah mitochondria iyo organelles kale, marka lagu daro, waxay lacag la'aan ah cytoplasm yihiin. Sida caadiga ah, waa ensaymes.

Disproteinozom haddii kale loo yaqaan cudurada sida Dystrophy protein parenchymal. Iyo nuxurka been in xaqiiqda ah in borotiinada gacanta bedeli xoolahooda, iyo sidoo kale mari isbadal leh qaabka, sida denaturation ama kollikvatsiya. Dystrophy Protein-parenchymal loola jeedaa dhibco hyaline, hydropic, geeska iyo Dystrophy granular. On saddexdii hore si faahfaahsan loo qori doonaa, laakiin ugu dambaysta, granular, in lagu gartaa in protein ururayaa in unugyada hadhuudh, taas oo ay sabab u tahay unugyada waxaa lagu taagay, oo jidhka u korodho, waxa uu noqonayaa mid dabacsan iyo caajis. Taasi waa sababta Dystrophy granular ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan barar maqlaan. Laakiin saynisyahano Shaki iigama jiro in ay parenchymal xumaanshaha. Necropsy geedi socodka waa sida in laga qaadi kartaa magdhawga hadhuudh kor u dhismeedka gacanta, sida jawaab u stress functional.

Hyaline xumaanshaha qoyaanka

Iyada oo noocan ah Dystrophy unugyada hyaline muuqan dhibcood ka weyn oo ugu danbeyn ku milmaan inuu midba midka kale iyo buuxiyo boos oo dhan gudaha ee unugyada, barakiciyay ama baabbi'iyeen organelles ay. Tani waxay keenaysaa in khasaaraha of shaqo, iyo xataa gacanta dhimasho. Inta badan cudurka ku dhacaa unugyada kelyaha, ugu yaraan in beerka iyo wadnaha.

Inta lagu guda jiro Cytology ka dib markii biopsy kelyaha, marka lagu daro raasamaal ee hyaline in nephrocytes muujiyaan burburinta xubno gacanta. Tani waxay ifafaale u muuqataa marka bukaanku uu yeesho failure vacuolar-lysosomal ah, taas oo horseedaysa hoos u dhac in loo nuugay protein ka kaadida hoose. Inta badan, cudurada ay taasi dhacdo in nephrotic syndrome. The cudurka ugu badan ee dadka bukaanka ah, kuwaas oo - glomerulonephritis iyo amyloidosis kelyaha. jirka bannaanka aysan waxba ka beddelin marka qoyaanka hyaline Dystrophy.

In unugyada beerka xaaladda ay tahay mid xoogaa ka duwan. Inta lagu guda jiro microscopy waxay heleen corpuscles Mallory ka kooban fibrils iyo hyaline khamriga. Muuqashadii waxaa la xidhiidha cudurka Wilson ee, hepatitis khamriga, iyo sidoo kale cirrhosis biliary iyo Indian. Natiijada habkan aanay haboonayn - beerka galleeyda cell, khasaaraha ay u shaqeeyaan.

Dystrophy hydropic

view Arrintani waxay ka duwan ka dystrophies kale in unugyada qaba cudurka, organelles cusub dheecaan ka buuxsamay. Xaaladaha intooda badan, sida ugub ah waxaa lagu arki karaa in unugyada maqaarka iyo tubule kelyaha ee beerka, murqaha, iyo qanjirka adrenal ah.

Unugyada microscopically sii ballaadhisay, oo ay cytoplasm waxaa ka buuxa vacuoles leh waxyaabaha dareeraha ah oo hufan. core waxaa wareejiyay ama lysed, dhismeedka harsan yihiin reebay. Ugu dambayntii, gacanta waa "buufin" biyo ka soo buuxisay. Sidaa darteed, Dystrophy hydropic mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan buufin.

meydadka Qoom sii shiidaa iska beddelin. farsamo ee horumarka cudurka this - xadgudub cadaadiska osmotic Colloid in cell iyo meesha bannaan ee intercellular. Taas darteed permeability sii kordhaya ee xuubka unug ka mid ah Unugyada ugu dhiman iyo cawisa. Sababaha isbedel kiimikada sida laga yaabaa in glomerulonephritis, diabetes, amyloidosis kelyaha. Isbedelka unugyada beerka ay gacan ka hepatitis viral iyo sunta. On maqaarka xumaanshaha hydropic waxaa sababi kara virus ah ee furuqa.

Dhammeystay habka bahal ee focal ama galleeyda guud ahaan, si fataahadda iyo shaqada degdeg uga sii daraysa.

xumaanshaha wilka

meydadka actinic bahal ah - waa raasamaal xad-dhaafka ah keratin in layers dusha sare ee maqaarka, sida hyperkeratosis iyo ichthyosis, iyo soo bixitaanka maalkii horny, halkaas oo, sida caadiga ah, waa in aanay noqon - in xuubka (leukoplakia, carcinoma cell squamous). Marxaladani waxay noqon kartaa gudaha iyo guud ahaan.

Sababaha noocan ah cudurada noqon kartaa cudurada jeermiska ectodermal inta lagu guda jiro embryogenesis, isbedelada unugyada bararka joogtada ah, cudurada viral iyo yaraanshaha vitamin.

Haddii daawada la billaabo isla markiiba ka dib markii koowaad ee lagu garto, dhar ah weli ka soo kaban karaa, laakiin xaaladaha sare, suurtgal ma aha suurto gal ah. Long-jira goobaha Dystrophy geeska gaarin karaan kansarka maqaarka, iyo ichthyosis lagu dhasho waa in aynan nolosha uurjiifka.

Dystrophy dhaxlo

xumaanshaha parenchymal dhaxlo dhacaan sabab u fermentopathia lagu dhasho. cuduradan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa cudurrada kaydinta ayaa sabab u ah cudurada dheefshiidka, alaabta dheefshiidka ururto unugyada iyo dheecaannada jidhka, waxa khubad. The wakiillo-ugu wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan oo ka tirsan kooxda waxa ay kala yihiin phenylketonuria, tirozinoz iyo cystinosis.

xubnaha Target phenylketonuria yihiin nidaamka dhexe ee neerfaha, muruqyada, maqaarka, iyo dheecaanka (dhiigga, kaadida). alaabta dheefshiidka ee tirozinoze ku ururto beerka unugyada, kelyaha iyo lafo. Cystinosis sidoo kale saamayn ku beerka iyo kelyaha, laakiin iyaga ka, beeryarada qaba, jallo, dhuuxa lafta, nidaamka durey iyo maqaarka marka laga reebo.

lipidoses

Subaga ku jira unug kasta, waxay noqon kartaa si gooni gooni ah oo isku dhafan oo borotiinada iyo unugyada dhismaha in ay xuubka unug, iyo sidoo kale ultrastructures kale. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, in cytoplasm waa glycerol iyo dufanka leh acids. In si uu wax uga ogaado in unugyada la isticmaalayo habab gaar ah qamaar iyo xayd, sida sudan madow ah ama casaan, acid osmic, Nile sulphate buluug. Ka dib markii diyaarinta tababar gaar ah si taxadar leh loo kormeero microscope electron hoos.

xumaanshaha dufan parenchymal teedu sida raasamaal xad-dhaafka ah baruurta halkaas oo ay noqon waa, iyo muuqaalka kore ee subaga halkaas oo ay waa in aanay noqon halkaas. Waxay u muuqdaan in ay ku hamineysay dufanka dhexdhexaad ah. xubnaha Target waa la mid ah sida in of Dystrophy ah protein - wadnaha, kelyaha iyo beerka.

parenchymal baruurtii Dystrophy myocardial bilaabataa soo muuqashada in myocytes of dhibco aad u yar oo dufan ah, in uu yahay N.. cayilka isuku. Haddii geedi socodka ma joojin xilligan la joogo, ka dibna ugu danbeyn dhibcood Akhristoow oo ay noqoto weyn, ilaa ay degi doono cytoplasm oo dhan. Organelles sidaas burburay, fiiloyin muruqa striated baaba'aa. Cudurku wuxuu teedu laftiisa degaanka ku wareegsan sariirta arooriyaha vascular.

xumaanshaha dufan parenchymal Qoom muuqato in siyaabo kala duwan, wax walba ku xiran tahay heerka geedi socodka. Bilowga cudurka waxaa la samayn karaa microscope ah oo kaliya ka yar, laakiin waqti wadnaha ayaa kor u taagay unugyada, derbiyadeeda noqon khafiif ah oo flabby, qaybta ee myocardium waxaa lagu arki karaa oo nabrahoodii off-jaalle. pathophysiology jidhku this soo baxay magaca "qalbiga Shabeel".

xumaanshaha dufan xubnaha parenchymal yeeshaan saddex hababka ugu muhiimsan.

1. Gaarsiinta kordhay ee acids dufanka leh oo lacag la'aan ah unugyada myocardial.
2. Ku xadgudubka-shiid baruurta.
3. burburkii dhismayaasha lipoprotein gudahood gacanta.

Inta badan, hababka waxyaalahan waxaa loo kiciyay inta lagu guda jiro hypoxia, cudurada (diphtheria, qaaxada, sepsis) iyo sarkhaan la chlorine, fosfooraska, ama arsenic.

Sida caadiga ah, xumaanshaha dufan waa karo, iyo burburka dhismayaasha gacanta hoos muddo. Laakiin haddii geeddi-socodka waxaa si xoogan u socda, wax walba oo uu dhammaanayo dhimashada unugyada iyo xubnaha. Shaqaalaha rugaha caafimaadku waxaa soo socda cudurada la xiriira raasamaal xaydha unugyada:

- cudurka Gaucher ee;

- cudurka Tay Sachs-;

- cudurka Niemann-Pick, iyo kuwa kale.

Dystrophy carbohydrate

All carbohydrates, kuwaas oo ku yaalla jidhka loo qaybin karaa polysaccharides (ugu badan ee kaas oo ah glycogen ah), glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides: hyaluronic acid iyo chondroitin, heparin), iyo glycoproteins (mucins, i.e. ka xab oo isjiidanaya).

Si loo ogaado carbohydrates ee unugyada jirka, baaritaanka gaarka ah waxaa lagu sameeyaa - cadaanyo Schick. Its nuxurka waa in dhar ah waxaa lagu daaweeyaa wareegsan acid, ka dibna magenta. Oo aldehydes jeedin cas. Haddii aad rabto in ay doortaan glycogen, reagents waxaa lagu daray amylase ah. Glycosaminoglycans iyo glycoproteins wasakheeyey buluug methylene. Parenchymal Dystrophy carbohydrate inta badan la xidhiidha cudurada dheefshiidka ee glycogen iyo glycoproteins.

Xadgudubka shiid glycogen

Glycogen - waxa u mudan jidhka for a "maalin-roobaadka gaajaysan." Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid, wuxuu dhawray ee beerka iyo murqaha iyo expends tamarta this aad ku Tolosnaada. Regulation shiid carbohydrate dhacdaa iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka neuroendocrine ah. Doorka ugu weyn ayaa ciyaaray, sida caadiga ah, nidaamka hypothalamic-pituitary ee. Waxaa soo saaray hormoonnada tropic in la xakameeyo oo dhan qanjidhada kale hormoonada jidhka.

Xadgudubka shiid glycogen waa korodhka ama hoos u its lacagta ee unugyada, iyo muuqaalka halkaas oo waa in aanay noqon. Inta badan si cad isbedel sida dhacaan diabetes mellitus ama kaydinta glycogen dhaxlo. Pathogenesis of diabetes waa arrin si fiican u fahamsan yahay: unugyada ganaca istaago soo saaro insulin in lacagta loo baahan yahay, iyo kaydka tamarta gacanta lagu degdeg dhammaaday sida glucose ma ku ururto unugyada iyo raaca jidhka ka kaadida. Jirku wuxuu "furmay" kaydka ah, oo ugu horrayn uu yeesho xumaanshaha parenchymal beerka. In ka nuclei of hepatocytes muuqan dura ahanno, oo iyagu waa dhalaalaya. Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo yaqaannaa "core madhan".

glycogenoses dhaxlo ay keento la'aanta ama maqnaanshaha of falgalka ku lug raasamaal ee glycogen. cudurada hadda loo yaqaan sida 6:

- cudurka Gierke ee ;

- cudurka Pompe ;

- Glycogen kaydinta cudurka nooca V;

- cudurka kuweed ah;

- Forbes-Cori cudurka;

- cudurka Andersen ee.

Cudurkooda kala duwan waa suurto gal ka dib markii falanqaynta xinjirta beerka iyo isticmaalka gistofermentnogo ah.

Xadgudubka shiid glycoprotein

xumaanshaha Tani parenchymal sababa raasamaal ee unugyada ee mucins ama mucoids. Haddii kale, kuwaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Dystrophy-axaleedka ama isjiidanaya, sababta oo ah inclusions joogta ah dabeecad u. Mararka qaarkood ku ururto on mucins run, laakiin kaliya la xiriira walxaha laga shaabadeeyey karo. Xaaladdan oo kale, ay timaado Dystrophy Kolloidol.

Microscopy unugyada si loo go'aamiyo ma aha oo kaliya xaqiiqda ah ee joogitaanka xab, laakiin hantida. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in qashin gacanta iyo dheecaan viscous ka hortagtaa dheecaanka caadiga ah ee dareeraha ka qanjidhada, fiix loo sameeyay, iyo waxyaabaha ay u muuqdaan in ay caabuq.

Sababaha noocan ah Dystrophy noqon karaa mid aad u kala duwan, laakiin inta badan, taasu waa astaantii catarrhal xabka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii cudurka la iska dhaxlo ah, hannaankii pathogenetic in sidoo kale haboon gudahood qeexidda Dystrophy axaleedka ah. Tani cystic fibrosis. beeryarada ku dhaco, tube xiidmaha, kaadi mareenka, kaadi mareenka ku biliary, qanjidhada dhididka iyo qanjidhada dhareerka.

Resolution of nooca cudurka ku xiran tahay xaddiga iyo duration of dheecaan ay xab. Markii ugu yar ayaa tan iyo bilowgii geedi socodka bahal maray, waxa ay u badantahay in axaleedka ayaa si buuxda u soo kabsado. Laakiin mararka qaarkood desquamation ku epithelial, sclerosis, iyo xad gudub ku ah shaqada xubnaha saameysey.