Wajiyada badan ee molybdenum waxaa loo isticmaalaa meesha, guryaha, doorka noolaha ee jirka aadanaha

Chemistry saldhig u ah nolosheena. Dhamaan agabka qoyska ka kooban yihiin wareegsan miiska xubno xiriir. daqiiqad kasta in aadanuhu uu maray transformations adag ku lug leh kiimikooyinka. In this article waxaad ku baran doontaa bir ah sida molybdenum halkaas oo ay khuseyso, hantida iyo doorka ee jirka aadanaha.

Aynaan dhexgalin taariikhda

Macdanta isagoo in ay ka kooban of molybdenum, ayaa lagu yaqaan in Giriigii hore. Kuwa xeryahooda dabiiciga ah waxay leeyihiin qaab la mid ah graphite. Sidaas waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa isaga si ay u abuuraan hogaanka. Molybdenite MoS₂ lahaa towns cawl-cagaaran marka qoraal warqad. luster The sifo molybdaena magiciisa la siiyey - ". sida lead"

Carl Wilhelm Scheele cilmibaadhis uu ku dhexsameeysmo jirka trioxide MoO₃, laakiin ay sabab u la'aanta ah ee foorno ku haboon awoodin inuu ka soo kabsado biraha qaab saafi ah. Yonsu Jakob Berzelius ku guulaysteen in ay 1817 sano si aad u hesho dib u soo kabashada xabagta molybdenum by aan la dhuxusha iyo hydrogen. element dardaro ayaa si taxadar leh u soo bartay oo ku tilmaamay in shuqullada cilmiga.

guryaha jirka

Waa maxay molybdenum? Tani biraha iftiin cawl oo ay foomka saafi ah waa adkaysi u qayilo (hoos jira xaalad caadi ah). Iyada oo la kordhiyo heerkulka si 400-600 degrees, kartida this waa la dhimay iyo sameeyay MoO₃ trioxide.

Molybdenum ductile kovok iyo diyaar Oo Qaliin abuurna. Birta Mugga 10.2 g / ^cm3, dhibic barafku 2620 ⁰S karkaraya - 4800 ⁰S. From tirooyinkan waxaa iska cad in ay tahay arrin tugoplavok. Joogitaanka carbon, nitrogen ama baaruud nijaasta saamayn guryaha jirka ah, gaar ahaan, waxyaabaha uu noqdo jilicsan iyo debcaan. Molybdenum waa paramagnetic. Iyada oo sii kordhaya oo ay xoog heerkulka waxa si wayn u kordhay.

xarunta molybdenum dabiiciga ah, helitaanka

Waxaa loo yaqaan in molybdenum waa inaan laga helin qaab saafi ah, oo waa hadiyad ee dabiiciga ah oo kaliya in xeryahooda waxyaabaha kale. content bir ah lagu dayan karo in qolof 3 ∙ 10 ^{-4% ah.} Waxaa jira qiyaastii 15 macdanta, kuwaas oo ugu badan waa:

• disulfide Mos ₂ - molybdenite;
• CaMoO ₄ - powellite;
• PbMoO ₄ - wulfenite.

beeraha Main xeryahooda, kuwaas oo ay si dhow u la xiriira habka of dhigaalka ee ilaha hydrothermal.

In ujeedooyinka warshadaha waxaa bixiyay element disulfide molybdenum. Its codsiga waa mid aad u muhiim ah si loo helo bir saafi ah. Tani waxay dhacdaa oo macneheedu yahay kobcinta ee senti by sabeynta. Sayidka shancosbitaal, taas oo markii danbe u sakhiray in ay calcination helay.

2MoS ₂ + ₂ = 7O 2MoO ₃ + 4Markaasaa ₂

xabagta cidlo ah oo la Daahiriyey waa la dhimay la il hydrogen qalalan heerkulka a of 700 digrii. alaabta falcelinta waa budo ah oo molybdenum. In mustaqbalka laga yaabaa in loo isticmaalo qaab saafi ah ama qalab loogu talagalay dhismaha ee articles rogid iyo doorsoon.

Production of steel daawaha

Ferrous metallurgy isticmaalaa maalkiisa budada molybdenum. Xaggee loo isticmaalaa? Waayo, alloying steels iyo birta kabka. Intaa waxaa dheer ee element this ee Alloys ku ool ah hagaajinaysaa tayada. barti kordhay, iska caabin abrasion, saameynta iska caabin ah. steel The dhismaha waxaa lagu darayaa qiyaastii 0.5% molybdenum, hadhuudh ganaax noqdo uniform dheeraad ah iyo by this ay qaab-dhismeedka, hoos brittleness alaabta final.

Intaa waxaa dheer ee walxaha kale ee u ogolaanaya in ay hesho darey gaar ah hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in warshado kala duwan. Alloys, oo ay ka mid Cobalt iyo nickel (50-60%) iyo chromium (qiyaastii 20-28%) waa doped by daray molybdenum. Halkee wax caynkaas ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa? Jawaabta been in hantida gaarka ah - iska caabin ah kuleyl aad u sareeya. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee qaybo ka mid diyaaradaha iyo sanduuqa battariga gantaal.

Isticmaalka Alloys la molybdenum

By ku daray molybdenum in niobium, titanium iyo macdanaha kale waxay kordhisaa aalladda daawaha caabiga kulaylka. Halabuurka Tani waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ay u abuuraan qaybo ka mid ah marawaxadaha gaaska iyo qolalka sari in gantaal.

In Alloys la xaddi weyn oo molybdenum (17-28%) kordhay iska caabin ah daxalka. Waxay sameeyaan xitaa ma dhexgalka cabsi la acid kasta (marka laga reebo HF).

The guryaha madax adkaadeen of molybdenum iyo adeegsigeeda la abuuro tuubooyinka gaarka ah waxaa ka mid ah muhiimadda ugu weyn ee warshadaha nukliyeerka. waxyaabaha noocan oo kale ah waa kuwo awood u Riiqdeediina lithium la shubay. Waxaa qabata doorka coolant ee tigoodu uranium. Ka sokow, molybdenum ee ah Mo-99 isotope codsiga helay iney yihiin tilmaame in industry ee nuclear.

molybdenum infusibility Sababo Xaggeeda abuuro wasakhahaasi qaybo shubay oo ah naxaas, aluminium iyo zinc sameeyey. The bir xoog sare awood geedi socodka cadaadis sare.

Kiro iyo feer, codsiga

From banaan helay barafka budada ah, soo saaraan waxyaabaha duuban - ulood oo silig. Waxay ka kooban yihiin molybdenum a bir saafi ah xaq. Halkee waxyaabaha sida waxaa loo isticmaalaa? Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee thermocouples kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo qiyaasta heerkulka ka sarreeya 2000 ⁰C. Oo qabsatooyinkooduna iyo diirkja for fuuli jiray buuxieyey tungsten ee guluubka incandescent ah ayaa waxaa sidoo kale ka dhigay ee xarigga molybdenum. Galinta ku cathodes iyo electrodes oo diiradda ee tuubooyinka X-ray iyo tuubooyinka guud ahaan waa in ay ahaadaan isku halayn karo oo la kulmo shuruudaha biraha madax adkaadeen sare. Ujeeddooyinkan, dhammaataan ku habboon kirada molybdenum.

Dhengedihii iyo ulo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in meesha electrodes ee Foornooyinka-barafku sare. Waa in loo geeyaa dhexdhexaad ah oo gaar ah oo ka kooban argon, hydrogen, ama vacuum. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in molybdenum ma geli galaas ee falgalka kiimikada, waxaa laga dalbadaa saarta qaybo melter.

Codsiyada in warshado kale

Molybdenum ayaa helay codsi waaxda saliidda. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii qaar kaaliya ay awoodaan in ay isla daahiri oo badeecadaha ka soo jeeda nijaasta baaruud. saliidaha Aluminum ku salaysan soo saaray disulfide. Waxay xasilinta hawlgalka qalab kala duwan oo ay ilaaliyaan dusha ka dhanka ah dhaawac at heerkulka sare. Waxay leedahay saliid noocan oo kale ah oo guryaha anticorrosive.

In saaridda ee rinjiga, halkaas oo waxaa laga codsadaa oo oxides molybdenum, heli pigments joogto ah oo midabo kala huruud ah-orange. Avv ah macdantaa macmal ah ayaa sidoo kale lagu tiriyo ee aan walaxda. Si loo kordhiyo content nitrogen ee microfertilizer ciidda loo isticmaalo, taas oo ka mid ah molybdenum ah.

Doorka molybdenum ee jirka

Molybdenum waxaa la siiyaa kaalin muhiim ah ee jirka aadanaha. Waxaa ku lug leh ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee unugga dhiigga cas, nitrogen iyo Dheef purine. Masuul ka tahay nuugista birta iyo vitamin C, antioxidant awood leh. Microelement ayaa onkoprotektornyh, saamayn noolaynta.

Cuntooyinka ay qaniga ku molybdenum - waa digiraha iyo siiriyaalka, khudradda caleenta ah. lacagta loo baahan yahay ee element raad galo jirka on joogta ah maalin walba, haddii aad cuni xaq. Its la'aanta waxaa laga buuxin karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo kaxeynayo macdanta.