Wadaad - waxaa ... Patriarchs of Russia. Wadaad Kirill

Wadaad - waa sharaf ugu sareeya wacdina ee Christian Orthodox Church autocephalous. Eraygii ka kooban tahay xidhiidhka ka mid ah labada qaybood ee xididka iyo af Gariigga waa micneeyey sida "aabbe", "saldanad" ama "awood." Horyaalka waxaa loo qaatay golaha kaniisadda Chalcedon ee 451. Ka dib kala kaniisad Christian ah ee 1054 at Bari (Orthodox) iyo Western ah (Catholic), horyaalka waxaa loo tiirar adag in madaxda ee Kaniisadda Bari, halkaas oo awowe - Wadaad horyaalka gaar ah jaranjaro kuwaas oo uu leeyahay awood wayn wacdina.

aynu ka soo farcannay

In Empire ee Byzantine waqtiga kaniisadda waxaa madax afar aynu ka soo farcannay: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antiyokh iyo Yeruusaalem. Waqti ka, sida Xorownay iyo autocephaly ee dalalka sida Serbia iyo Bulgaria, ayaa horseeday Church ayaa sidoo kale istaagay in awowe. Laakiin awowe ugu horeysay ee Russia ayaa loo doortay in 1589 by Moscow Cathedral ee madaxda kiniisadda, hogaaminayo waqti in Wadaad of Constantinople Yeremyaah II.

Aynu ka soo farcannay of Russia saamayn weyn ku saabsan horumarinta Kiniisada Orthodox Church ee. Oo ay maraan jidkii aan tooda hurayaal ahaa dhab ah geesinimada, iyo si jiilka hadda u baahan yahay in la ogaado oo ka war this, maxaa yeelay, mid kasta oo ka mid ah cuqaasha ee wareega qaar ka mid ah ayaa ka qeyb qaatay sidii loo xoojin lahaa iimaanka runta ah in dadka Slav.

Job

Moscow wadaadkii ugu horreeyay ayaa Ayuub, kuwaas oo lagu qabtay xafiiska Xurmaysan ka 1589 si ay u 1605 noqday. Its goolkii ugu weyn oo ugu weyn waxay ahayd in la xoojiyo Asalraacnimadu ee Russia. Wuxuu ahaa bilaabaha ee tiro ka mid ah dib u habaynta kaniisadda. Under uu diocesi cusub ayaa waxaa la aasaasay iyo daraasiin Macaabidda Yuhuud, kiniisadda bilaabay in lagu daabaco buugaag salaadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in awowe ee 1605 waxaa lagu dejiyey by dhagar iyo mucaaradka sababta oo ah diidmada in la aqoonsado maamulka ee Beenta Dmitry I.

Hermogenees

Waayo, Ayuub Patriarchate keentay Svyaschennomuchenik Germogen. Boqornimadiisa waa taariikhaysan ka 1606dii in 1612. Xilligan waxa beegantay muddo boqornimadii of jahwareer daran ee taariikhda Ruush. Wadaad Job si cad oo geesinimo ku hadlay iyagoo ka soo horjeeda qalaad ee soo duulay iyo Polish Prince, kuwaas oo doonayay in ay ku dhisaan carshiga Ruush. Inta lagu guda jiro Hermogenees in uu ciqaab ah oo polish ah, kuwaas oo markaasay xidheen in keniisad Miracle iyo waxaa ka gaajeeysan. Laakiin erayada uu la maqlay, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan sameeyay maleeshiyaadka uu hoggaaminayo Minin iyo Pozharsky.

Filaret

awowe xigta inta lagu jiro muddada u dhaxaysa 1619 in 1633 uu ahaa Fedor Nikitich Romanov Jura, kaas oo dhimashada ee Tsar Fedor Romanov ka noqday tartamaya sharci ah carshigiisa, sidii ay ahayd adeer u Ioanna Groznogo. Laakiin Fedor dhacday dulli in Boris Godunov oo waxaa tonsured wadaad ah, la helo magaca Filaret. In times of jahwareer ee Beenta Dmitry II, Metropolitan Filaret la qabtay. Mikhail Romanov - laakiin in 1613, oo ahaa ina Filaret loo doortay Tsar Ruush. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu noqday co-Ninkaas, isla markiiba ka dambeeya Filaret awowe San xididana leh.

waxaan Ioasafa

bedelka The in awowe Filaret ka 1634 si ay u 1640 noqday Archbishop of Pskov iyo Velikiye Ioasafa Waxaan, kuwaas oo inta badan shaqada on saxo qalad in buugaagta Afika. Marka ay 23 buugaagta Afika ayaa soo saaray, la aasaasay saddex Macaabidda Yuhuud iyo soo celiyo shan hore la xidhay.

Yuusuf

Wadaad Joseph garoomada sharafta awowe ka 1642dii in 1652 sano. Wuxuu bixisay dareenka weyn oo ay ku Aragti ruuxi ah, sidaas oo kale ayaa "walaaltinimo Rtishchevskaya" Moscow fiqi Academy markii la aasaasay sanadkii 1648, St. Andrew keniisad. Ukraine - waa isaga u mahad in talaabadii ugu horeysay ee isukeenidda ee Russia iyo Little Russia loo qaaday.

Nikon

Ka dibna, ka 1652 si ay u 1666 Ruush Orthodox Church ee madax Wadaad Nikon. Waxa uu ahaa si qoto dheer qofku iyo ruuxi ah aabbihiis, ayaa si firfircoon uga qayb qaatay keenista ee Ukraine iyo Russia, ka dibna si Belarus. isaga Under labada farood calaamad iskutallaabta ayaa lagu bedelay la saddex farood.

Joasaph II

awowe toddobaad noqday Joasaph II ee, Archimandrite ah Lavra Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos, kaasoo garoomada ka 1667 si ay u 1672. Markaasuu bilaabay inuu ku eryan habaynta of Wadaad Nikon, markuu bilaabay inuu baro dadyowga duleedka waqooyi-bari ee Russia ee xuduudda la leh Shiinaha Webiga Amur ah. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada oo Beatitude Ioasafa II Spassky keniisad la aasaasay.

Pitirim

Moscow Wadaad Pitirim Sharuucda bilood ee 1672 toban keliya by 1673. Oo wuu baabtiisay Peipsi keniisad Tsar Peter I. In 1973, iyadoo uu barako waxaa la aasaasay keniisad Ostashkov Tver.

Joachim

Dhamaan dadaalka Wadaad ka Joachim soo socda, talada haya ee 1674 by 1690, ayaa la faray ka dhanka ah saamaynta arrimaha dibadda on Russia. In 1682, waqti dhibaatooyin ay sabab u tahay isku xigta ee Wadaad Joachim wuxuu u sameeyey si loo soo afjaro Musketeers kacdoonkii.

Andrian

kirishtaan tobnaad Wadaad Andrian joogay ka 1690 si ay u 1700 oo muhiim ahayd in in bilaabay si ay u taageeraan dadaallada ee Peter waxaan dhismaha ciidamada badda, ciidamada iyo dib u habaynta dhaqaalaha. Uu hawl waxaa la xidhiidha u kuurgalka Buzadag iyo ilaalinta kaniisadda ka faasiqnimo.

Tikhon

Ka dibna, kaliya ka dib markii 200 sano muddada Synodal ka 1721 si ay u 1917, ayuu kor uguma carshiga raggu, Metropolitan ee Moscow iyo Kolomna Tikhon, kaas oo xukumi jiray ka 1917 si ay u 1925. Macnaha ku jira dagaal sokeeye oo kacaanka, oo wuxuu lahaa oo si wax looga qabto arrimaha gobolka cusub, dabeecad xun ku aadan kiniisadda.

Sergiyos

Tan iyo 1925, Metropolitan taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo ah Nizhny Novgorod noqday ku xigeenka uuga Locum Tenens. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic waxaa la abaabulay Fund Difaaca, iyada oo ay kor u qaaddaa lacagta agoonta iyo ansixiyay. Waxaa jiray xitaa la aasaasay column taangiga hoos magaca Dmitry Donskoy. Laga soo bilaabo 1943 in 1944 uu amray in awowe.

Alexis aan

Bishii Febraayo 1945, Wadaad cusub Alexy aan, ka dhigay inuu u dhaqaaqo carshiga ilaa 1970, ayaa loo doortay. Waxa uu ku hawlan shuqullada dib u soo celinta ee kaniisadaha burburiyey iyo Biyac dagaalka ka dib, in la dhiso xiriir la walaashiis Orthodox kiniisadaha,, Church Catholic Roman kiniisadaha Non-Chalcedonian oo ka mid ah East iyo Brotestanka ah.

Pimen

Madaxa xiga ee Church Orthodox ahaa Pimen Wadaad ah, in ay jebiyaan xafiiska ka 1971 ilaa 1990. Waxa uu noqday bedelka ee transformations ku bilaabay by ee aynu ka soo farcannay hore, iyo faray oo dhan dadaalkooda lagu xoojinayo xiriirka ka dhexeeya adduunka Orthodox ee dalal kala duwan. In xagaagii 1988, Wadaad Pimen keentay diyaarinta ee Ixtifaalka of Millennium reer Baabtiisku of rus.

Alexy II

Laga soo bilaabo 1990 ilaa 2008, ka Wadaad of Moscow Alexy noqday Bishop II. intii uu boqornimadii ay sabab u tahay horumarka aqooneed iyo nooleenta Ruush Asalraacnimadu. kaniisadaha iyo Macaabidda Yuhuud badan ayaa u furan waqtigan. Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa ugu muhiimsan uu ahaa furitaanka macbudka Masiix oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah ee Moscow. Sanadkii 2007, waxaa la saxiixay racfaanka Act of qaadanin Orthodox Church u Church Orthodox Ruush baxsan Russia.

Kirill

January 27, 2009 loo doortay in uu Wadaad lix iyo Moscow, taas oo noqotay Metropolitan ee Smolensk iyo Kaliningrad Kirill. Tani wadaad caan ah Biography aad buu hodan u, sababtoo ah waa wadaad dhaxlo. In shantii sano ee boqornimadiisa, Wadaad Kirill isu muujiyey sida siyaasi khibrad iyo diblomaasi karti wacdina, ay awoodaan in ay gaaraan natiijo fiican u tahay xiriirka wanaagsan la Madaxweynaha iyo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha mahad waqti gaaban.

Wadaad Kirill sameeya badan in ay u midoobaan ka Church Orthodox Ruush dibadda. Uu booqasho joogta ah ee dalalka deriska ah, kulammada wasiirku iyo wakiillo ka socda diimaha kale in la xoojiyo oo la ballaariyo xuduudaha saaxiibtinimo iyo iskaashi. Qudduusnaantiisa si cad u fahamsan yahay in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in ay kor u ah anshaxa iyo cibaadaysi dadka iyo gaar ahaan wadaaddada. Waxa uu sheegay in Church ee loo baahan yahay si ay u galaan hawlaha adeegayaasha ah. Wadaad of All Russia, maratay khilaafta macallimiinta beenta iyo kooxaha xagjirka ah in ay riixaan dadka wareer cad. Sababtoo ah oo ka mid ah khudbado qurux badan oo dhigyo qarsoon hub halligaadda of Church ah. Wadaad Kirill sida, ninna ma garto waxa horyaalka weyn. Sidee weyn sida ay muhiim nolosha ee dalka. Wadaad - waa, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, masuuliyad weyn dalka oo dhan iyo dadka Orthodox Ruush oo dhan.