Waa maxay rays gamma?

Ka dib markii la ogaaday qalabka awood hawada lama filaan ah oo ka mid ah qayb ka hoose (iyada oo sababtu tahay radio bololka hawada) ayaa bilaabay in ay barato xoolahooda. ka qaybqaadashada firfircoon ee raadinta cusub iyo abaabulo aqoon jira physics qaaday Curies caan ah iyo Rutherford. In uu u furo rays gamma ugu horeysay. u dhiibay tijaabo ahaa fudud oo, waqti isku mid ah, cajiib.

il shucaac ayaa lagu qaatay radium. The capacitance qaro-hogaanka sameynayo furitaanka cidhiidhi ah. Qeybta hoose ee channel ka dhalanaya la saaray radium. Meel fog wax yar oo ka weelka dadab iyo in ay dhaleen ee dhidibka xubin photosensitive waxaa ku yaal - saxan. In farqiga iyo weelka leh u dhexeeya radioactive qalab gaar ah dhalin kari lahaa beer magnetic of xoogga sare, khadadka xiisadda, kuwaasi oo ay u janjeedha isku midka ah in ay saxanka photosensitive. Dhamaan xubno kale oo aan ahayn matoor duurka ku jira jawi godadka, in la baabi'iyo saamaynta hawada ku atamka natiijada tijaabo ah. Haddii Rutherford iska indho marayso, rays gamma u furi qof kale.

Maqnaanshaha saamayn magnetic on xabbad canjeero ah ka dhacay bar madow, taasoo muujinaysa faafinta rectilinear ee shucaaca (jihada kale si fudud u gooyay darbiyada weelka hogaanka). Laakiin waxa uu ahaa ku filan si ay u muuqdaan in ay duurka ku magnetic, labada element ka photosensitive nidaamka dhacay kaliya seddex baro. Taasi waxay keentay in qayb gaar ah timaada by radium, isaga beerta. Rutherford soo jeediyay in dogobka ka kooban yahay ugu yaraan saddex qaybood. weecasho Character tilmaamay in ay qayb ka mid ah laba iyo tobanba saf Leeyihiin koronto, oo loox saddexaad waa koronto dhexdhexaad ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, qayb taban ee shucaaca dhacdada ku dhacday inta badan sameysa badan wanaagsan. Koronto qayb-dhexaad ah - taasi waa rays gamma ah. Qeybta la kharash xun loo yaqaan beta-rays, iyo kan ugu dambeeya, ee ay amarka u wanaagsan - Alfa-ray.

Ka sokow xaqiiqda ah in ay u dhaqmaan si ka duwan beer magnetic, rays ku leeyihiin guryaha kala duwan. rays gamma ay awoodaan in ay dhex gasho galay arrinta for arrin masaafo dheer. Sayidka, saxanka hogaanka of 1 cm oo dhumucdiisuna waxay hoos ay xoogga labo jeer oo keliya. Alpha-dogob la joojin karaa xitaa sheet khafiif ah oo warqad. Laakiin shucaaca beta degan meel dhexe: joojiso socodka bir noqon kartaa milimitir yar qaro weyn.

Waxaa markii dambe soo baxday, in:

• ray beta waa durdur qayb ka xun soo oogay (electrons), dhaqaaqin at xawaaraha sare;
• Alfa-ray - xuduntii helium ah, formation aad u deggan;
• gamma ray - nooc ka mid ah hirarka electromagnetic. spectrum warshadu hawada ku of line a gebi ahaanba, tan iyo xuduntii saaro waxa lagu gartaa wadamada tamarta Discrete. Waxay yihiin qaab qaybinta heerarka tamarta timaada photons. Ereyga "gamma-ray" waxaa sii kordheysa loo isticmaalay ma aha oo kaliya in lagu qeexo habka of suuska shucaaca, laakiin sidoo kale, guud ahaan, waayo, dhammaan dabeecadda adag ee shucaaca electromagnetic taas oo u dhiganta galmada kasta tamarta aan ka yar tahay 10 keV. Isha of noocan ah ee hawada ku jira electrons atamka ugu faraxsanahay in qaab-dhismeedka. wareejinta tamarta dheeri electrons si sare heerka tamarta. From waxaa jira, ay dib ugu gobolka hore tago, sii daayo shucaaca qaab X-rays ama iftiinka (hirarka electromagnetic). spectrum ee shucaaca electromagnetic in ay dhacdo gamma-ray waa mid aad u yar yar oo ka dhigan tahay in aan ka badnayn 5 * 0.001 nm ay sabab u tahay taas oo si cad guryaha Cad ee qayb ka ah, halkii ay ka hirarka.