Walxaha shucaaca - waa maxay khatarta dhabta ah?

All nool iyo walax dabeecadda on dhulkeenna la kulmin shucaaca radioactive inta lagu guda jiro jiritaankeeda oo dhan. Si looga fogaado this gabi ahaanba waa wax aan macquul aheyn.

walxaha shucaaca ay helaan jirka gudihiisa iyo waxa ka baxsan - taasi waa sababta ugu weynina joogitaanka asalka dabiiciga ah, kuwaas oo qaab dabiici ah ka dhaca isotopes. Waxay joogaan oo dhan xuubka ee dunida dacaladeeda, dhulka hoostiisa ah, in ciidda, biyo, hawada.

Conventionally, walxaha shucaaca loo qaybin karaa saddex kooxood oo waaweyn:

1. Isotopes oo loo sameeyay ka uranium-232, thorium-232 iyo 235 actinouranium.
2. xubno shucaaca 40 potassium, calcium 48, rubidium iyo 87, kuwaas oo hiddo aan la xiriirin kooxda koowaad.
3. Isotopes oo loo sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro dareen diidmo nuclear, kordhin joogta ah ee adduunka ay sabab u tahay gaadhista rays runtan (tus, tritium, carbon 14 iyo 3).

Taa baddalkeeda, walxahan waxay u qaybsan yihiin shucaaca dabiiciga ah iyo macmal ah. dabiiciga ah waa isotopes muddo dheer jiray oo jira in xarunta dabiiciga ah ee element ah. Waxay bar-nolosha u dhaxeysa boqol iyo kun sano.

shucaaca Artificial waa natiijada reactions nuclear, nin ordaya. Tusaale ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro qarax nuclear soo saaray oo ku saabsan 250 isotopes, kuwaas oo 225 ay yihiin shucaaca. isotopes dhacaan iyadoo ay sabab u ah fission nuclear ee waxa loogu yeero qaybaha "culus", iyo waxyaabaha ay ilkuhu ku xiga. Waxqabadka walax shucaaca waa si toos ah ay ku xidhan tahay tirada nuclei kharribmayo muddo. The ugu weyn nuclei sameeyay, sare ee waxqabadka.

khatar degdeg ah ee shucaaca si noolaha qaado radionuclides sun (Ra 226, Th 228, mawqif 21, ru 106, Na 22, Sr 89, iwm), Waa kuwee ka mid ah Ciddi leh xuduntii atamka plutonium iyo uranium - i.e. qayb ka mid ah shidaalka nuclear, taasoo aan galay in reaction fission ah.

Dadka waxa ay awood u abuuro in ka badan laba boqol oo radionuclides macmal ah oo bartay in ay isticmaalaan tamarta nukliyeerka ujeedooyin kala duwan, oo ma aha mid aad si nabad ah. Sayidka, tamarta ee qarax nuclear waxaa loo isticmaalaa in daawada, hub, si aad u raadiso kayd iyo wax soo saarka tamarta jaban macdanta. Sayidka kordhaya wadarta qiyaasta shucaac deggan dhulka.

Xaaladaha intooda badan, walxaha shucaaca galay jidhka bini'aadamka cuntada, biyaha iyo hawada. Qadarka iyo sumoobo ee radionuclides ee cuntada waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa xaaladda shucaaca in uu sameeyay ee gobolka.

Geedaha nuugo shucaaca ma aha oo kaliya dhulka, laakiin sidoo kale ka roobab dabiiciga ah. radionuclides intooda badan ku ururto ee kaabajka iyo xididdo, iyo ugu yaraan oo dhan ku jira cawska caadiga ah.

Warshad Daahirinta iyo daaweyn kaamerada ku xiga si xooga yaraynaysaa heerka shucaaca dhexdeeda. Tusaale ahaan, marka nadiifinta barandhada iyo xididdo laga saaro ilaa 40% ka mid ah radionuclides, iyo marka aad cunto karineyso - 10-15%. Marka aad cunto karineyso xayawaanka hilib walxaha shucaaca sidoo kale gudubtid, maraqiina (20% ilaa 50%).

Si loo yareeyo content ee radionuclides in waxyaabaha caanaha, waxay ku fiican yihiin in beddelay baruurta iyo protein xoogga.

Waa maxay khatarta ah ee shucaaca?

First of dhan, xataa qaadasho yar yar waxaa ka mid ah waxay keeni kartaa silsilad dhacdooyin ah ee jirka ku keenta in aan caadi ahayn hidde ama kansarka. Shucaaca in qaadasho sare disha unugyada iyo unugyada, taasoo keentay dhimashada ee u shaqeeyo. At heerka gacanta, farsamo la burburay qaybsamidda unugga iyo qalab koromosoomyada ay hor istaagay geedi socodka warsiinta iyo formation of unugyada la cusboonaysiinta xiga ee unugyada.

The walxaha shucaaca ugu xun u dhaqmaan on dhuuxa lafta, thyroid, gonads, iyo beeryarada - taas oo ah, xubnaha kuwa u baahan warsiinta joogta ah unugyada iyo unugyada.