Waa maxay gaaska dareemaha? Gargaarka degdegga ah ee gaaska lagu sumoobo

In horumar ninkii mar walba in ay caddeyso midig si uu u jiro. cadaawayaashiisa ahaayeen xaalado nololeed oo adag, carnivores weyn iyo in ay wax u xun ku sugan uxuu kale caaqil. Si aad iska caabin ah kulaylka qabow iyo, dadka bartay in la dhiso guryo oo waxaad ka samaysaa dhar, iyo in ay ka gudbaan bahal oo cadaawayaashiinna caqli - awooda fiicnaaday in ay dilaan. isku day ugu horeysay ee ay u isticmaalaan walxaha sunta ah organic la oran karo waa la fallaadho sumoobay saadaaliyay. Laakiin badida dadku ma ahaa ku filan; waxa ay ka muuqataa sida ay u ku dhacay tiro maximal cadaawayaashooda, iyo gaaska dareemayaasha abuurtay.

Waa maxay?

gaasas dareemayaasha - Koox ka mid ah wakiilada dagaal kiimiko, oo ka kooban xarunta organophosphorus (organophosphates iyo FOS FOV) ah. walaxda waa mid aad u sun ah. Imaan waxay la qorsheeyay in ay isticmaalaan hub ahaan burburka culus geysta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo-aragnimo in isticmaalka walxaha kiimikada lagu jiro dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka hub ahaan ayaa sababay duufaan weyn oo ka cabanaya in bulshada. Inkastoo horumarinta wakhtiguna wuxuu ahaa khatar yar tahay gaaska dareemayaasha oo casri ah. Jarmalka isticmaalay markii ugu horeysay sida chloro ah walax sun ah. Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxaa lagu fuliyaa shaqo on saarka ee gaaska sarin. horumarinta khatar ah ayaa dib loo dhigay, laakiin ma aha gebi ahaanba ka diiday.

Qaar ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka ka taariikhda

The ugu horeysay si rasmi ah duubay weerar kiimiko ka dhacay 1915 (April). Laakiin taariikhda ayaa isku dayay sumowga mass la gaaska ka hor. Tani waxaa ku xusan taariikhda qadiimiga Shiinaha iyo diiwaanada qarniyadii dhexe.

xeryahooda Organophosphorus la diyaariyay ee 1846 by farmashiyaha Louis Jacques thenar Faransiis. In 1934 horeba, farmashiyaha Jarmal Gerhard Shradar isku dayayaan in ay horumariyaan cayayaanka wax ku ool ah ka codsatay wakiilada organophosphorus si loo joojiyo habka dareemayaasha jirka cayayaan. In 1936, in koorsada of tijaabo, waxa uu ahaa gaaska dareemayaasha - lo'da. In 1937, saynisyahan a ku dhacay in ay ka yar saameynta ay dhibic ay alaabadooda iyo ogaaday in ay tahay sun ugu ah dadka. Ka dib markii in lagu qasbay in ay soo sheegaan on furitaanka Wasaaradda Difaaca.

In 1938, Schrader la koox ka mid ah caawiyeyaasha in synthesize sarin gaaska dareemaha. Qaab ka xoogbadan, oo daaqsinta oo 10 jeer. In 1944, R. Jarmal ah Kuhn dhexsameeysmo xataa gaaska ka badan sun - Soman. Wax yar ka dib, waxaa la horumariyo xarunta ugu khatarta badan - cyclosarin.

Codso horumarinta kiimikada, Nazi Germany, ama kuma uu dhicin, ama ma haysan waqti. Laakiin tijaabo on maxaabiista xerada fiirsashada la qabtay iyo ku tilmaamay.

Sarin gaaska. Gaar ahaan saamaynta on jidhka bini'aadamka

habka dareemayaasha waxaa loo qabanqaabiyaa si unugyada ay ka go'day mid ka fog kale microscopically yar. Laakiin xitaa this yar oo ku filan in ay kala go'do falalkooda dareemayaasha, kuwaas oo ku hawlan dhex dhexaadinta kala iibsiga gudbaya fog iyo jitters faafo unugyada ku xeeran iyo Dunta. Ugu muhiimsan ee habkan waxaa loo arkaa inay acetylcholine. Waxaa guulaysta masaafada iyo sababa foosha unugyada muruqa, ka dibna apetilholinesterazoy baabbi'iyey.

gaaska dareemayaasha Action waxay ku salaysan tahay xadgudub ka dhan ah geedi socodka of qaybsama ee acetylcholine. unugyada muruqa sii wadaan in ay idiinkala hadhin, unugyada dareenka ee ku faraxsanahay, lalabo, qalal curyaannimo, siday dhimasho.

gaaska dareemayaasha waa midab iyo ur. Qaab daran, laakiin gobolka dabiiciga ah ee xulkii waa dareere ah. Sarin sida Soman, iyo tabun, ka badan biyaha culus, waa heer sare L. in subaga iyo qase organic, kulayl at 150 ° C (jiilka soo socda ee gaasaska - at 300 ° C). Kooxdan oo dhan walxaha sunta ah waa mid aad u sun ah, joogta ah, way adag tahay in la qeexo oo ay adag tahay in la aqoonsado nooca saxda ah.

Buufin la gaaska dareemayaasha

gulufyadii Gas - hab la heli karo ee is-difaaca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gaaska dareemayaasha ee daasadaha ma iibiso sababtoo ah waa mid aad u halis ah. Xataa in qiyaasood aad u yar, waxay keeni kartaa dhaawac ka badan goobaha waaweyn. gasacadaha daboolka Gas la ilmaysiiya ama cuncun irritant basbaas ka buuxsamay. Waxyaabahani ha Dilina oo sababi gubasho, laaca, qufac iyo dhibaatooyin indhaha. Dhammaan ka mid ah calaamadahan waa ku meel gaar ah.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in gaasaska dareemaha - ay khatar toos ah ku ah aadanaha, ay sii wadaan in ay wax ka barato, synthesize iyo codsan sharci-darro ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, 1988 Saddam Huseyn weeraray magaalada Halabadzha hoos bambooyin la sarin iyo tabun. Waxaa ku dhintay in ka badan 15 kun. Man dad rayid ah.

In 1995, Tokyo ahaa weerar argagixiso oo isticmaalaya sarin. Gas kuma jirin qaab buufis, ku shubtay in baabuurta mara. Markaasaa 13 qof ayaa lagu dilay, laakiin waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 10 kun. Kiisaska sumowga daran.

Caawin

gaasas dareemayaasha waxaa loo hubka sida kiimikada burburka culus geysta. Dadka uu saameeyey kiiskan loo baahan yahay gargaar caafimaad oo deg deg ah. Waxa aad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato si ay u caawiyaan qofka dhibtay walxaha sunta ah ku jira isku dar ah gaaska ee dareemaha?

Amarka ka mid ah gargaarka degdegga ah:

• Taasi ma sii dhaawici qaabka neefsashada, dhibanaha u baahan tahay in aad xirato weji dabool gaas.
• hordhaca ah ee le ah, oo Fayda Xumaanta dhibbanaha. salaysayn khalkhalgelinta waxaa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suurtogalka ah. tube duro isticmaalaya silingaha la daroogada gaar ah ka buuxiyeen. Ku qor intramuscularly daroogada. silingaha waa in la diiwaan dhar dhibbanaha dadka kale, gargaar, in la ogaado in qofkan uu horey u galay le ah.
• dareeraha ah waa xirmo gaar ah anti-gaas. Waa in la isticmaalo sida a qaybo fayodhowr milan qaawan ee maqaarka.
• Sida arrin degdeg ah waa in la sameeyaa geeddiga dhibanaha ah meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, waa in lala socdo xaaladda dhibanaha oo haddii ay dhacdo of sii daraysa dib-u-galaan daawo si looga hortago dhacdo ee qalal.
• Marka gaaska buufiyo buufis ayaa sidoo kale uu noqonayaa dhar wasakhaysan. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan nin ee waxaa laga soo saaray oo ka mid ah meelaha ay dhibaatadu saameysey, baahi degdeg ah si aad u bedelo. Lammaanayaasha arrinta harsan dharka, waxay saamayn kartaa maqaarka iyo neefsashada.
• Neefta macmal ah u baahan karaan saameysey haddii loo adeegsaday dhanka ah gaasaska sida carbon monoxide ama sarin.