Waa maxay burcad Medellin ee? Medellín burcad (sawir)

In todobaatanaadkii ku soo daahay ee magaalada Medellin, oo ku yaalla Columbia, baxday iyo in la horumariyo burcad cocaine ah. Aasaasayaasha xarrakada this ahaayeen dhowr sayidyada daroogada Colombia. Waxaa jiray ilaa 1993, markii dawladda baabiiyo ee South American dalka oo la xiray inta badan ay xubnaha.

ah ee burcad ah

Waa maxay burcad Medellin ee, Colombians waaqiciga og. Taariikhda oo ka mid ah abuurka oo ka mid ah burcad fikiray xagaaga ee 1977, markii tirada yar kooxo dambiilayaal waa isku mid. Brothers Ochoa, José Rodríguez Gonzalo Gacha iyo Pablo Escobar ahaayeen abuuray waaweyn iyo kuwa addeeca oo dhan burcad Medellin ee. Klaus Barbie - yaqaan Nazi, sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah sheegashada, ayaa sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay samaynta urur this dembiyada.

istaraatijiyad ee ururka dambiyeed

Si ka duwan kale Medellin burcad, kuwaas oo hoggaamiye ogaa photo weli dhawr, gaar ah ee sahayda of maandooriyaha daroogada in ka yar tiro. Meelaha of shixnadaha kuwanu waxay ahaayeen dal ee North America iyo Europe. The madax ka ah burcad Pablo Eskobar bixiyeen ay macaamiisha ay dammaanad in ay doonista helo si kasta oo jidka, iyo haddii xisbiga doonista stop sharciga fulinta hay'adaha, waxaa doonista magdhabo ay khasaare. Wax walba oo aad u baahan tahay in xarrakada dambiyeed oo ay halkaas ka samatabbixin daroogada: Dariiqii iyo hawada gaadiidka, maraakiibta, iyo quusta.

Faa'iido iyo Qaabdhismeedka

Medellin burcad lagu kaalinta karaa sida ugu awoodda badan iyo xoogga badan ururada dunida Narcotic. In ay ka talinaysay, bulshada this helo dakhliga, taas oo waxay noqon kartaa ilaa 60 milyan oo dollar maalintii. In ku tiris ah, ee Medellin burcad dhaqmaa gacanta shiidaa 80 boqolkiiba cocaine ee dunida. Inta lagu guda jiro jiritaankeeda, ururka ayaa helay dakhliga kuwaas oo, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro kala duwan, laga bilaabo tobanaan boqolaal balaayiin US dollars.

Dhismaha burcad ah ayaa aad u ballaaran. Waxay ka koobnayd hannaanka ka mid ah kooxaha, kuwaasoo mid walba uu leeyahay shaqo gaar ah. Laakiin ujeedada ugu weyn ee koox kasta ahayd bixinta daroogada si Ahaado. Kooxahani waxay inta badan ka koobnaa Maraykanka, Kanada, Yurub, sidaas darteed iyaga ka mid ah waxaa jiray wax badan oo xog iyo qarsoon wakiilada Maraykanka.

Pablo Escobar

In soddon sannadood Amiiral bulshada dambi Escobar noqday bilyaneer by qiyaasaha qaarkood - ninka u taajirsan dhulka, ama ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah ugu taajirsan ee. Xaaladda Pablo Escobar wuxuu ahaa sidaas u weyn in uu awoodi kari waayay inay wax ka badan soddon guryaha, baabuurta iyo afartan guridda, ay madaarka u gaar ah, laba darsin balliyada macmal qoday dhulka uu Villa.

tartamayaal

awood yar, laakiin weli ku keeni karo dhib Medellin burcad ahaa xarrakada kale Colombia - burcad Cali ka. The iska hor imaad u dhexeeya ururada waa hore utaagnaan, dhowaan helay xoog. Waxaa la burcad this ayaa dadaallada lagu doonayo in qudhun iyo burburinta ururka ee Pablo Escobar.

dagaalka ka dhanka ah dowladda dembi bulshada Medellin

Ka dib markii in, sida masuuliyiinta sharci fulinta ee reer Colombia, ogaadeen jiritaanka burcad Medellin iyo hawlaheeda, ka qaybgalayaasha la geeyay hoos dhawrid ku dhow. Ka dib markii ururinta caddaymo ku filan xeer booliska waxaa la fuliyay xadhiga ka qaybgalayaasha, ka dib markii taas oo ahaa jirrabyadii la qabtay, maxaabiista ay aadeen xabsiga. Laakiinse kuwaas oo intooda badan ay ahaayeen ajaanib ah, mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale ee la xiriira ka ganacsiga daroogada, Colombians waxay isku, iyo gaar ahaan madaxda burcad dhexdooda maxaabiista ahaa mid aad u yar.

Treaty u dhexeeya Colombia iyo Maraykanka

qeybtii labaad ee tiris ah in ay burcad Colombia ayaa guul la eego xakameeyo bulshada oo dhan oo dalka ah. The laamood ururka dambi daboolayaa ficil dhammaan dhinacyada ay nolosha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqti isku mid ah ay xoojiyeen halganka hoggaanka Maraykanka in ka ganacsiga daroogada, maamulka wakhtigaas ahaa in awoodda Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan, mid la odhan karo, ayaa sheegay in dagaalka on lid ku daroogada. Mid ka mid ah talaabooyinka soo socda ahayd in ay sidaa sameeyaan. US iyo Colombia gabagabeeyay ah maamulka heshiiska. Sida laga soo xigtay shuruudaha Colombia mas'uuliyiinta fulinta sharciga ayaa waajib ku ah in ay u madaxda United States of ururada dambiyada ku lug leh iibinta iyo gaadiidka ee maandooriyaha ee dalka Mareykanka loo gacan geliyo.

heshiis noocan oo kale ah ma ahaa gacmihii lid Colombia galay. Haddii saraakiisha fulinta sharciga iyaga la xiray iyo kaalinta oo xarig ah Colombia, ma uusan noqon laheyn dhibaato iyaga u, sababtoo ah waxaan dareemay in ay ahaayeen guriga waxaa oo si sahal ah oo keeni karta in ay ganacsi dheeraad ah, oo waqti gaaban ka dib oo aanu sii daayay . Xaaladdan oo kale haddii loo soo diray in a Maraykanka xabsi, wax la mid ah daroogada sayidyada samayn lahaa ayaa ku guuldareysatay. Sidaa darteed, heshiis oo kale oo leh dawladda Maraykanka ah, Pablo Escobar iyo madaxda kale ahaayeen kuwo aad u badan oo ku faraxsan oo isku dayay in si walba in dowladda Colombia waxaa la joojiyay. Mid ka mid ah mottos ee xarrakada ahaa: "Waxaa ka wanaagsan in jiifay xabaal ee Colombia ka badan in ay fadhiisan xabsiga Mareykanka."

Mid ka mid ah taageerayaasha heshiiska la Mareykanka waxay ahaayeen tirooyin Colombia sida Wasiirka cadaalada Rodrigo Lara Bonilla iyo musharaxa madaxwaynanimada ee Luis Carlos Galan, qaar badan oo ka mid ah garsoorayaasha Maxkamadda Sare.

Cabsi iyo rabshadaha

In si ay u xoojiso booska, madaxda burcad bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan habab sida laaluush, cabsi, cabsi ka dhan ah taageerayaasha heshiiska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiro of this ma caawin, iyo in weerarrada hay'adaha fulinta sharciga lahayn oo Medellin burcad waxaa laga badiyay badan oo ka mid ah dadka ay. Madaxda Qaar badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha burcad ah lagu qasbay in ay tagaan dhuunto ama ka tago dalka guud ahaan, shaqada raggiisii ku siinayo ka hor inta in la baabi'iyo dhammaan taageerayaasha of heshiiska la Mareykanka. From in markii dagaal ka qarxay oo u dhexeeya xarrakada iyo dawladaha labada dal, kaas oo lagu dilay inta badan si nabad ah dadka rayidka ah. Denbiilayaasha ha joojin at waxba. Waxay underlay qarxa qalabka goobaha ugu weyn ee ciriiriga ah ee dadka. Kuwaasna waxaa ku jiray xarumaha wax laga gato, hooyada iyo ilmaha xarunta, meelaha kale ee dadweynaha. Sida natiijada, ee Medellin burcad dilay oo sababay dhaawaca in daraasiin kun oo caadi ah Colombian muwaadiniinta.

Bishii Agoosto 1989, dambiilayaasha dilay Luis Carlos Galan, kuwaas oo ahaa musharaxa u badan tahay madaxwaynanimada ee Colombia. Waxa uu ahaa jawaab ay ku siiyey burcad Medellin ee, Escobar, gaar ahaan, Hadalka Galan, kuwaas oo u ballanqaaday inuu iska samaynaa ganacsada daroogada ee Colombia. Terror, marti madaxda ururka dambiyada ka hor doorashada madaxweynaha, ayaa kor u dhawr jeer ka tirsan burcad daroogada maalin dilay daraasiin dad fuliyeen qaraxyo meelo kala duwan ee dadweynaha, ka dhigay dil caanka saaraya shaqaalaha Colombia. All of this waxaa si toos ah oo kaliya in ay leeyihiin si ay u joojiyaan, si ay u joojiyaan gacan geliyo Maraykanka.

Wixii la doonayay oo awood

Waxaa xusid mudan in Pablo Escobar wuxuu damcay in wareegyada awood of Colombia ee. Sidaas daraaddeed, 1982, wuxuu ahaa ee Congress ee dalka, halkaas oo uu ku jiray booska uu ka Congressman bedel, isagu qayb ka ah kulamada, haddii maqan weyn ee Congressman. Laakiin booska noocan oo kale ah, dabcan, waayo, nin hami kan xoogga jecel yahay uusan ku filnayn. Waxa uu doonayay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha Colombia. Laakiin halkan waxa uu ahaa wax yar ka yaabay, tan iyo, liddi ku ah uu ra'yi ka mid ah dadka ka soo degmooyinka ku yaalla meel ka baxsan Medellin, ma waxaa sidaa daraadeed waxa uu caan. On lid ku ah, in la mid ah Escobar Bogota waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay shakhsiyadda su'aal. isaga ku saabsan jiray warar run ah, isagoo sheegay inuu ganacsiga har, iyo qaar ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta si cad u sheegay in Escobar waa Baron cocaine ah. oo iyaga ku dhex jiray Luis Carlos Galan iyo Rodrigo Lara Bonilla dambe sameeyay tallaabooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah ka gees ah isticmaalka lacagta ka ganacsiga daroogada ee tartanka madaxtinimada. this natiijada ahaa hareen oo ka mid ah hoggaamiye oo ka mid ah Medellin burcad awoodda wayn jirkooda ka mid ah dalka. Jidka Future halkan waxaa jaale Escobar, uu mustaqbalkiisa sida siyaasi waxaa u sarreeyey.

"Los Pepes"

Marka bilowga ah ee la soo dhaafay tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii, dhowr sokeeye Colombia saraakiisha set up ah ururka lagu magacaabo "Los Pepes". Waxay ahayd ee loo soo gaabiyo magaca, taas oo macnaheedu yahay kuwa ay dhibaatadu saameysey by Pablo Escobar. Xubnaha ururka ayaa noqon qaraabada iyo saaxiibada dadka dhintay ka soo gaartay burcad ah oo dadka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jiray dadka kale dembi, kaas oo la sameeyay burcad Medellin neceb. "Los Pepes" hawlan raad iyo baabi'inta qof kasta oo bartey ku lug lahaa hawlaha ay burcad ah. In muddo gaaban of time ururka ayaa la burburiyey saddex boqol ka badan oo qof oo ku lug leh xarrakada dambiga. Tani, sidaas si la hadasho, ururka bulshada ee hawlaha sababay burcad daroogada Colombia dhaawac aad u weyn.

The dhammaadka oo ka mid ah burcad

hay'adaha fulinta sharciga iyo Maraykanka ayaa sidoo kale heegan, ay qaadeen weerarada on xarrakada ah ee jiho kasta. Hareen sida yar koox oo weyn ay madaxda. By baabbi'iyeen shaybaarka helay shaacin wax soo saarka ee cocaine, iyo sidoo kale ilaha isu qurub this - xoqayaa Coca.

Bishii December 1989, mid ka mid ah tirooyinka muhiimka ah ee burcad Medellin la baabbi'iyey on estate uu. Tani Gilberto Rendon iyo José Rodríguez Gonzalo Gacha, oo ay ka go'an ismiidaamin ah markii weerar booliska.

Sannad ka dib, in gacmaha hay'adaha fulinta sharciga si iskood ah isku soo dhiibeen Ochoa oo walaalo ah. Waxaa la sameeyey si ay jawaab u ah Ballantamay Inaanaan soo iyagii ku United States.

By 1993, bulk oo ka mid ah madaxda iyo xubnaha ka tirsan burcad Medellin la mid halaagnay ama xiray by hay'adaha fulinta sharciga, iyo December 2, 1993, waxay u soo baxeen on raad ah hoggaamiyaha kooxda dembiyeed. meel A halkaas oo waxaa jiray Pablo Escobar, waxaa ku hareereysan howl. Inta lagu guda jiro toogashada, Escobar isku dayeen in ay ka baxsadaan, balse toogteen toogte ka bulshada "Los Pepes".

Si rasmi ah, ka joogo in Medellín burcad joogsadeen, laakiin ka hor dhamaadka Millennium, booliska xiray oo lagu qabtay xubnaha hore.