The Congress of Vienna, kala qeybinta Europe ee qarnigii 19aad

In maalmood ee la soo dhaafay ee March 1814 ciidamada huwanta triumphantly galay Paris. Taasi waxay keentay guuldaradii dhamaystiran oo Napoleonic France iyo tirtiridda kama dambaysta ah ee sano dagaallo Yurub. Napoleon qudhiisa ugu dhakhsaha badan casishay iyo waxa loo musaafuriyay Elba, iyo guusha xulafadooda in ay miiska wada xaajoodka in remake map of Europe.

Si arrintan loo sameeyo, ka Congress of Vienna lagu qabtay, kaas oo lagu qabtay Austria ee 1814-1815, siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxaa goob joog ka ahaa wakiilo ka socda Russia, England, Austria, Prussia, France iyo Portugal.

arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee looga hadli waa: qaybin of Europe ay guushu ku ah dalalka guul, dib u soo celinta Boqortooyada ee Europe iyo si looga hortago in suurtagalnimada in mid ka mid ah awoodda Napoleon soo laabtay.

In France, waxaa dib loo by wakiilada guri ammaan Bourbon ah, oo waxay soo qaadatay carshiga Lyudovik XVIII, kii dhaxalka lahaa soo socda si ay ugu gar qaybshay Louis XVI. Intaa waxaa dheer, Liibaanay soo celin lahaa si ay hore - abtirsan dhulgoosadka iyo absolutist ah. Dabcan, dhammaan guulihii siyaasadeed ee Kacaanka Faransiiska ka dib, ujeedada tani waxay ahayd lkn, hase ahaatee, sanado badan, Europe ayaa galay qiimaynta iyo nidaam falcelin.

Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee ahayd qaybin ee dalka, gaar ahaan Poland iyo Saxony. Ruush Emperor Alexander Waxaan doonayay in ay ku biiraan dalalkan Polish in soohdinta reer Russia, Saxony iyo in la siiyo xoogga Prussia. Laakiin wakiilo ka socda Austria, Great Britain iyo France si xoog leh looga hortagi go'aan noocan oo kale ah. xataa waxay u saxiixay qarsoodi ah heshiis ku saabsan iskaashiga dhanka ah hamiga of Prussia iyo Russia, si marxaladda koowaad ee dib-u-qaybinta noocan oo kale ah ayaa meesha laga qaadin.

Guud ahaan, Congress of Vienna muujisay in Fadilmo ugu weyn ee ciidamada ayaa lagu arkay Russia, Prussia, England iyo Austria. Oo dilaalin ahi iyo naftooda ilaaq dhexdiinna, wakiilada dalalka fuliyay dib-u-qaybinta weyn ee Europe.

In guga ee 1815, Napoleon ka Elba baxsaday, uu ka degay France oo bilaabay olole militari oo cusub. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ciidamada uu si buuxda u adkaaday at Waterloo oo ka Congress of Vienna ee 1815 bilaabeen in ay ka shaqeeyaan heerka la dedejiyo. Haddaba, ka qaybgalayaasha sida ugu dhakhsaha badan isku dayay in ay qaataan go'aamo kama dambays ah qaab-dhismeedka dhulka Europe.

Bilowga July 1815 waxaa la saxiixay by fal guud ee Congress, sida laga soo xigtay oo France ayaa la diiday, dalalka ka guulaystay hore oo dhan. Russia nuugo ka Duchy of Warsaw, oo hadda loo yaqaan boqortooyada Poland. Rhineland, Poznan, Westphalia iyo Saxony qaybta ugu on Prussia maray. Austria biiray dhulkeeda Lombardy, Galicia iyo Venice, iyo in urur oo ka mid ah madaxda Jarmal North (Jarmal Confederation) , dalka this helaa ugu saameynta badan. Dabcan, tani waxay saamayn ku danaha gobolka Prussian.

In Italy, boqortooyada Sardinia bogsatay saxeexi u Savoy iyo Nice, waqti isku mid ah u oggolaado xuquuqda Golaha Savoy. Tuscany, Modena iyo Parma hoos xoogga wakiilada Austria u yimid Habsburgs. Rome mar kale ka amar of baadari, kuwa u soo noqday oo dhan sharciga jir yimid. In Naples, oo carshiga reer binu Bourbons fadhiistay. Waxa asaasay Boqortooyada Netherlands ka Netherlands iyo Belgium.

wadamada Jarmal Small in la baabiiyo Napoleon ah, inta badan oo ka mid ah aan la soo kabsaday. Tiradiisa ayaa hoos u dhacay ku dhowaad toban jeer. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala qaybsanaanta reer Germany, taas oo ahayd 38-goboleedyada, ku hadhay isku mid.

Si England tegey dalka gumeysiga in ay ka qaaday in Spain, France iyo Holland. Jasiiradda Malta , iyo Ceylon, ee Cape of Good Hope, Guyana, Ionian Islands waxa ay hadda dhammeystirka boqortooyada Ingiriiska.

Confederation of the sagaal iyo maamulka gobolka Swiss waxaa la aasaasay oo ku naadiyey "dhexdhexaadnimada weligeed ah". Norway galay xoogga Sweden maray, waxa ka iyo tobanaad ee deenishka.

Laakiin oo dhan iyada oo aan marka laga reebo dalalka Yurub ka baqeen xoojinta xad dhaaf ah Russia, maxaa yeelay, waa dalka iska lahaa doorka ay guusha ay ka gaareen ciidamada Napoleon ee.

Shirka Vienna hadda waa complete, laakiin dayrta ee 1815, Alexander waxaan go'aansaday si loo adkeeyo amarka cusub ee Yurub iyo xaqiijiyo doorka hoggaamineed ee Russia iyo England. On uu initiative, heshiis la saxiixay on abuuritaanka Alliance Quduuska ah, oo ay ka mid Austria, Prussia iyo Empire Ruush ah. Sida laga soo xigtay heshiiska, dowladda ballan-qaaday in uu midba midka kale caawiyo in kiiska kacaanka ama ifbixii caansan.

The Congress of Vienna iyo go'aamada ay saameyn muhim ah oo ku saabsan nidaamka oo dhan Yurub. Kaliya ka dib markii 1917, markii dagaalkii ugu horeeyay ee aduunka, aagga European mar redrawn doonaa.