The Battle of Austerlitz ee 1805: faahfaahinta. Yaa ku amray ciidamada Ruush oo dagaalka ku jira ee Austerlitz?

A tuulo yar Bavarian of Austerlitz ayaa loo dhoofiyay in ay galaan taariikhda dunida, tan iyo markii ay soo socda in ay iyada December 2, 1805, waxaa jiray dagaal, waxaa unbaa loo arkaa soma dagaalka grand lagu jiro dagaalladii Napoleonic. Waxaa ciidanka Faransiis 73000th adkaaday tirada ka xoogbadan, ee ay isbahaysiga anti-Napoleonic. The Battle of Austerlitz waxaa loo arkaa Liibaan ee hanad diblomaasiyadeed iyo ciidamada Napoleon.

Muranka ka mid ah boqorada Saddex ka

Mararka qaarkood waxaa loo yaqaan "Battle of Saddex boqorada at Austerlitz." Oo waa wax run ah, sababtoo ah marka lagu daro Napoleon garoonka dagaalka maalintaas khaas ah waxaa ka qayb galay laba qof ay kale August - Ruushka Emperor Alexander I iyo Austria Franz II. Si loo fahmo sababaha awoodaha ay muquurtay dhiig ah, waa inuu dib u laba sano ka hor markii France lasoo gabagabeeyay iyadoo England loogu yeero Peace ee Amiens.

Qorshayaasha qabsashadii of England

Uu saxiixay warqadda, xaqiiqadu waxa kaliya siiyey waqti gooyo hami Faransiis si ay isugu diyaariyaan duulaan ay u hayaamay Britain, oo qabtay ku xiga ee London. British The waxan gartaan si aad u wanaagsan oo ku habboonayn in ay arkaan in badbaadada kaliya in samaynta qaarada soo socda, saddexaad oo isku xigta, isbahaysiga caalamiga ah ee ka dhanka ah Napoleon. Waxa la abuuray oo jiray ilaa maalintii ilaa dhimasho waayo, dagaalka ee Austerlitz jejebiyey.

Sanadkan ayaa waxaa ay astaan u tiro badan oo ka mid ah qorshayaasha ugu hami gooyo Faransiis, oo waxaa ilaa xad si dhab Waali doonayey inay qabsadaan London. Ujeedada this, in Boulogne, meel u dhow Paris, waxaan ku jiray buuxda diyaar dagaalka ee ciidamada, oo shaqadoodu waxay ahayd, gudbaya Ingiriisi Channel ah, inay u soo guuraan caasimadda Ingiriiska. Hortagi hirgelinta qorsheysan Faransiis Admiral Pierre-Sharl Vilnov, gardarrada oo Napoleon dulqadan koox dad ah, oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka ciidamada cidhiidhi oo dhan.

dhismaha isbahaysiga

Si dhakhso ah, isbahaysi la abuuray dawladaha xiiso xakamaynayo qorshaha dagaal ee Napoleon. ka qaybgalayaashu ay yihiin Russia, Austria iyo England nafteeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doorka ay yihiin, si ay u meel dhexaad ah gelin, waa si aan loo sineyn. England ka qaybgalka tooska ah ee colaadaha ma ay aqbalin, oo la wareegay deeq kharashaadka ciidamada. Austria ahaa dagaal, laakiin dagaalka ku muhim dagaalka keentay 25 kun oo ciidan, halka Ruush waxaa jiray 60 kun. Sidaas darteed, dagaalka oo dhan Austerlitz uu miisaanka on garbaha ka mid ah askartii Ruushka, kaas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, taariikhda lagu celceliyo dhacay.

The qorshayaasha isbahaysiga hore

Waa in aan bixin cashuur istaraatijiyad Yurub. Waxay sameeyeen qorshe aad u hami si loo yareeyo Napoleon iyo dagaalka Austerlitz ahaa natiijo ka timid xaqiiqda ah in uu ku hadhay oo kaliya on warqad. Sida laga soo xigtay si ay horumarka, inay tallaabo military in ay ku lug shaqaale badan ka sii badan tahay in ay ahayd in xaqiiqada. Tusaale ahaan, in qaybta waqooyi ee Europe ka dhanka ah Napoleon ee xulufada - Denmark - loo moodayay in ay ku riday gulkroppshormon Ruush-Ingiriisi ku dhowaad 100,000th.

bahaysi kale oo France - Bavaria - ahaayeen in ay weeraraan ciidamada 85 Asluubta kun Austria hoos amarka caanka ah ee waqtiga General K. Mack. Inay isaga caawiyaan oo ka mid ah Russia u hormarsataan ciidanka M. I. Kutuzova. On top of Archduke Austria ku baray, reebtay Faransiis ka soo waqooyiga Italy, si ay u bilaabaan March a guul gayiga Faransiis. Haddii aan ogaan karin ugu yaraan nus ka mid ah la qorsheeyay, ee dhicisoobay 1805 dagaal ee Austerlitz ma dhici doono. Laakiin qaddar u lahaa u Wakiil ah ay jidka u gaar ah.

The hamiga of Emperor Ruushka

Siyaabo badan waxay u adeegi jireen Jidka guuldaradii of kibrin xad-dhaafka ah ee ambalaaska oo markaas dhalinyaro ah oo doonaya military Lavrov Aleksandra I. Chief of ciidammada MI Kutuzov ka dhanka ah dagaal ahaa. The Battle of Austerlitz, in uu ra'yi, waxay ahayd dhicis ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin masiibo xulafada. Waxa uu soo jeediyay in digression ula kac ah, kuwaas oo ay awoodaan in ay kala bixin sida ugu badan ee ciidamada cadowga suurto gal ah oo ay ka faa'idaystaan imaanshiyaha xoojiyo, si ay u keeni foori ba'an ku xanjaadka u noqon doonaa.

Qorshuhu wuxuu, guul macquul ah, laakiin aan ku rajo degdeg ah oo cajiib ah, in loo diiday by gooyo. Taariikhyahanadu kuwaas oo daboolay dhacdooyinkan ka dib, kala tagsan yihiin ee ra'yi ah in, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in in dagaalka Austerlitz ciidamada Ruush amray by Kutuzov dhab go'aamada la geeyay by Alexander. At dagaalkii hore iyo xulafadooda ugu baaqay - Austrians ah, sida Vienna ahaa la joogo in la qabtay by Faransiis ah, oo iyana waxay sameeyeen dadaal kasta si ay goor hore sii daayo.

qorshaha taatikada ah Napoleon

Marka dagaal ciidamada huwanta ahayd dhicis, ku ceebownaaye oo sidaas daraaddeed burbur of Austerlitz ee 1805, ka dibna waxaa Napoleon waxa uu ahaa oo keliya go'aanada taatikada xaq in xaaladda ka jirta waqti. Dhammaataan xaaladda, uu ka soo dhigay si looga hortago in dib u gurasho cadowga, iyo sidaas adkaynaya cadaawadda. Emperor Faransiis waxa uu ahaa inay ogaadaan in xulafadooda sugi hab ee xoojiyo weyn ka Prussia, diyaar u ah inuu ku biiro isbahaysiga anti-Napoleonic.

Daraasad faahfaahsan oo ah falalka Napoleon ee loogu talagalay in lagu gaaro yoolkaas, waxa keliya oo aanu la yaabi karaa sida lagu daabacay uu dhacaysay uu shabaqa. Si qoto dheer u maleeyay in falalka-baxay wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka dhaadhiciyaan saraakiishii huwanta ay daciifnimo, go'aan darro, iyo ujeedka ay ka baxaan. Waxaa intaa dheer, kuwaas wuxuu ka xanaajiyey dagaalka ugu sareysa si hufan jagooyinka kuwii la jiray faa'iido isaga in ay qaataan.

Magaalada nabad Slovaks

Oo dalkana on taas oo ay jirto ahaa dagaalka Austerlitz ee 1805, ayaa maanta ay leeyihiin Czech Republic, iyo meesha ay ka jirto mar ahaa tuulo Bavarian, kuwaas oo ay magaceeda u dhiibay mid ka mid ah dagaaladii ugu waaweynaa ee taariikhda, hadda ku nool yahay nolosha magaalada nabad yar ee Slovakia. Dalxiiska, mar waxaa, way adag tahay in la qiyaaso in 210 sano ka hor, on kuwaas oo beeraha cagaaran iyo hills isugu yimid saddex ciidammadoodu awooda badan ee Yurub.

Aan u socday galay faahfaahinta ku Battle of Austerlitz ee 1805, oo xiiso leh oo keliya shaqaalaha military, waxaan la soco oo kaliya heerarka ugu muhiimsan ee dagaalka ku jira. Waxay aad si fudud u soo kabsado by markhaatiyaal badan oo ka qaybgalayaasha in dhacdooyinkan. The more in dagaal sanado badan ayaa sumad u ahaa articles iyo cilmi badan.

The Battle of Austerlitz: kooban oo ku saabsan dhibcaha muhiimka ah

Sidaas daraaddeed, December 2, 1805. Waxay bilaabeen dagaal caanka ah ee dharbaaxo Austerlitz geysanayo sokeeye ee garabka midig cadowga, halkaas oo ciidamada ku amray Marshal Davoust. Ka dib markii qorshaha, horumariyo shakhsi by Napoleon, ka dib markii iska caabin ah oo kooban, wuxuu bilaabay inuu noqda, oo qeyb ka ah xulafada keenaya in ay cadaadis iyo iyaga jiidaya gelin dhulka swampy. Sidaas darteed, Faransiis ah u suurtagashay in ay la taaban karo ku buriyaan xarunta ciidamada huwanta.

Sida aan horeba u sheegnay, ee Battle of Austerlitz ciidamada Ruush amray by Kutuzov, laakiin waxqabadka of Alexander I, waxa uu ahaa gabi ahaanba ka maran initiative. Taliyaha An soo maray ogaa in cadowga ayaa isku diyaarinaya dabin, laakiin addeecid u ashtakooday boqorka, ayaa lagu qasbay in la siiyo si ay u counterattack sirkaalka wax qora sii Socda. Sidaas darteed of falalkan ku meel dhexe oo ka mid ah ciidamada huwanta ah ay ahaayeen fudud in cadowgu ku.

Dejinta garabka bidix ee Allied

Napoleon oo aan ka waaban in ay weeraraan qaybta wiiqay ciidamada joojinta ee kale oo uu Taliyaha caan ah - Marshal Soult. Maxaa dhacay waa in taariikhda dunida ayaa dagaalo waxaa marar aad u badan ka hormarey guuldaradii ciidammada. Ciidamada huwanta ayaa la gooyay by badh, iyo mid kasta oo qaybo ka mid ah iyadoo ay sabab u waddo waa hillaac-degdeg ah cadowga la hareereeyey oo ka xoojiyo suurto gal gooyay.

Laakiin dhacdooyinka ugu riwaayado biloowday mar hoos Sokeeyaha garabka bidix. Sii weerar ka dhanka ah ciidamada ku hoos amarka Marshal Davoust, waxay helay kiish dhab ah oo hoos dab culus oo Faransiis ah ayaa ku dhintay. Laga soo bilaabo burburinta total gurmad u yimid in waqti ay iyaga ku badbaadin ilaalada Horse ah, hoos amarka General NI Depreradovicha. Waxay qaateen dab cadowga, iyo qiimaha badan ee dhibbanayaasha la siiyey fursad ay si aad u hesho ka mid ah qaybaha dab hareereeyeen.

Dib u gurasho, badbaadiyey ciidanka

Iska ilaali argagaxa musiibo in kiisaska noocaas ah waa in badan sabab u degenaan iyo u suurtagashay in ay soo saaro mid ka mid ah Jeneraaladii ugu khibrad Ruush D. S. Dohturova. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay lean ka deegaanka horay halkii khafiifiya madaxda sare ee askartii iyo in uu abaabulo gurasho ah, si loo ilaaliyo ciidanka dagaalka u diyaar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu khasaaraha Allied ahaayeen weyn. Taariikhyahanadu qiyaaseen in maalintaas garoonka dagaalka hadhay been 27,000 oo qof, iyadoo 21,000 oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen Ruush.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxbarasho faahfaahinta Battle of Austerlitz ee 1805, taariikhyahanadu ku heshiiyaan in khasaare weyn laga hortagi karaa markii jihada si sax ah u doortay tegey. On garabka bidix oo ka mid ah ciidamada huwanta ahaa shabakad dhan balliyada, loo yaqaan Sychanske. Iyagu ma ay ahaayeen qoto dheer, waana iyaga soo diray Socda Ciidamada, General Dokhturov. Marka Xulafada ku gudbeen, waxa soo baxday in ka baxsan gaari karin oo ka mid ah qaansoleydii Faransiis, kuwaas oo go'aansadeen inay cadowga iyada oo caqabad biyaha.

End of Isbahaysiga Saddexaad

Faransiis Battle of Austerlitz kici 12,000 noloshooda, laakiin guusha ciidamada ee dagaalka this ahaa ee ay kooxda, oo waxay u soo baxeen waxaa ka mid ah guul. guuldaradii burburiyo ee Xulafada siyaabo badan bedelay isugu dheellitiran yihiin xoogagga siyaasadda ee Europe. Hadda waxa laga bilaabo, Napoleon Bonapart loo Yeedhiyaa doonistiisa taliyayaashii awoodaha waaweyn. Aan awoodin in ay ka soo kabsadaan guuldaradii ee Austria ka soo baxay dagaalka u saxiixay heshiis nabadda aad u allifey. isbahaysiga saddexaad anti-Napoleonic oo gadoontaan burburay.

Marka news ee guuldarro soo gaadhay Russia, waxaa naxay bulshada oo dhan horumar. In ka badan 100 sano ka soo gudubtay ilaa tan iyo dhacdooyinkii naxdinta lahaa ee Narva, halkaas oo Peter waan garanayaa qadhaadhka guul darro, ciidanka Ruush waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay jabin karin. marxalad ammaan Victorian of Empress Elizabeth iyo Catherine II ansixiyey Russia in ay aaminsan yihiin in laga adkaan karin oo uu ciidan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida saffarro ogow news naxdinta ma gilgil ruux wadaniyiinta mana ciidanka, mana dadka.

Koobaya xilli ciidamada, taariikhyahanadu ayaa isku dayay inay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah: waxa ugu dambeyntii ku guuleystay oo laga badiyay ee 1805, Napoleon? The Battle of Austerlitz, dhab ahaan loo aqoonsan yahay guushii uu hanad military, hase ahaatee uma ay oggolaan isagii loo gaaro hadafka ugu weyn ee - burburinta complete ciidammada ka tirsan isbahaysiga colaadeed. Muddo qaar ka mid ah Napoleon noqday kaligii taliye of Europe, hase ahaatee maalin walba ciday isaga soo dhaweyneyso Waterloo, halkaas oo in 1815 ahaa weligiis ku Qaddarray rogo star of Korisikan u cajiib ah.