Television, taariikhda abuurista iyo horumarinta. Taariikhda television ee Russia

Waxaan u arkaa in ay adag tahay in la damacsan nolol uu ka maqan television. Xitaa haddii aynu uma arko, weli waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhaqanka. Dhinaca kale, war abuurashadoodii tani waa wax yar ka badan 100 sano. Television, taariikhda iyo horumarka oo ku haboon galay sida yar by heerarka taariikhda muddada, ayaa si qoto dheer loo beddeli our isgaarsiinta, macluumaad la xiriira our state iyo dhaqanka.

war abuurashadoodii

Taariikhda abuurtay television socdaa muddo ku dhow 100 sano. Si ka duwan radio, kaas oo la isku helay laba qof oo ku nool qaybaha kala duwan ee dunida, television - waa adag a, horumarinta tartiib of technology. dalka kasta wuxuu leeyahay version gaar ah taariikhda helitaanka television, kaas oo diiradda saarayaa ka qaybgalka saynisyahano ay geedi socodka this. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in technology la abuuray oo ah qaab kooxaha oo dhan wax looga qabto arrimaha farsamo gaar ah. Aan u socday galay faahfaahinta farsamada, wac injineerada ugu weyn ee ku lug leh dhacdadan.

At xididka waa Willoughby Smith, kaasoo abuurtay saamaynta photoelectric in selenium. Marxaladda xigta ee furitaanka ee la xidhiidha magaca saynisyahan Ruushka Boris Rosing, kuwaas oo xiranayo hab korontada si ay u gudbiyaan images. Sidoo kale gacan ka helay by P. Nipkow, Baird D., J .. Jenkins, I. Adamyan, L. Theremin, kaas oo ka madax banaan kasta oo kale ee dalal kala duwan loo abuuro laliska for images baahinta sameeyey. Marxaladda xigta ee horumarinta technology la xiriira dhalashada ee television electronic. M. iyo G. Dickman VB diiwaan Abuur tube for image kala iibsiga. Laakiin patent ugu horeysay on technology, taas oo maanta loo isticmaalaa in telefishannada, waxaa laga heli Borisom Rozingom ee 1907. Next, Galaxy dhan ah aqoonyahaniinta ka shaqaynaynaa horumarinta technology ee. Oo 1931, booto iyo V. Zworykin abuuro Ike, taas waxaa loo arkaa TV ugu horeysay. On ku salaysan been abuurtay this abuurtaa kinescope F. Farnsuot. Sidaas taariikhda abuurka ah ee TV-ga iyo si kooban u muuqataa.

Sidee u shaqeeyo

In 1928, iyadoo bilowgii warbaahinta si joogto ah uu bilaabo taariikhda dhabta ah ee ah ee telefishanka. marka hore Ulysses Sanabria si ay u isticmaalaan hirarka raadiyaha si ay gudbiyaan sawirro iyo dhawaaqa. Mabda'a hawlgalka ka kooban yahay ee image ah qiyaas television gaar ah on saxan photosensitive ee tube ray cathode. Muddo dheer taariikhda television ayaa lala xiriiriyay horumar ee tuubada, taas ayaa keentay in la kordhiyo tayada image iyo in la kordhiyo dusha screen. Balse dhalashada of mabda'a baahinta dijitaalka ayaa haatan la CRT tube sawir ma u baahan tahay bedelay. Waxa uu isticmaalaa hab gebi ahaanba kala duwan ee gudbinta images. Waxaa la encoded oo lagu kala qaado via channels digital iyo iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka internet-ka.

noocyada kala duwan ee TV-ga

Taariikhda dheer ee horumarinta television ayaa loogu tala galay in la sameeyay badan oo aragtidiisa. Marka hore, waxay u qaybsan yahay cadaan iyo madow iyo midabka. Ka hor 1950, oo dhan telefishin oo muujinaysa sawir madow iyo caddaan oo kaliya. Laba TV Heerka midabka: NTSC iyo SECAM - shaqeeyaan adduunka oo ilaa hadda. TV sidoo kale loo qaybin karaa bixisay oo lacag la'aan ah. In dal kasta uu jiro set oo ah channels in daawan kartaa haysta mid ka mid ah TV-ga. Laakiin waxaa kale oo jira kanaallo halkaas oo signal la arki karaa oo keliya lacagta. Foomamka Payment waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan, laakiin saamiga telefishanka waxaa si tartiib ah lagu hayaa on tiradaasi oo ah 30% ka mid ah suuqa guud.

By signal TV habka gudbinta waxa loo qaybin karaa:

• lagama maarmaanka ah, haddii ay taasi ku, aqbalana TV helo signal ah iyo tan iyo munaaraddii telefishanka, waa habka ugu caan ah oo badan ee warbaahinta,
• cable, haddii ay taasi ku signal uu ka yimaado gudbiye ku cable in uu ku xidhan yahay TV-ga;
• SAT - signal a kala qaado ka satellite iyo qabsadeen anteeno gaar ah oo gudbiya image ah in ay Console gaar ah ku xiran television ah;
• Internet TV, kiiskan, signal la isugu gudbiyo shabakadda.

Sida laga soo xigtay habka ay u habaynteeda TV macluumaad u qaybsan yahay analog iyo digital. labaad waxa uu leeyahay tayo sare leh heerarka koodh iyo gudbinta ugu dambeeyay.

function TV

Television ay muddo dheer ahayd arrin ah bulshada muhiim ah, waxa ay leedahay waxyaabo badan oo hawlaha muhiim ah. Sababtoo ah halka ay baaxadda ballaaran, helitaanka iyo kalsoonidii, television waa waxa ugu muhiimsan adeegsanayo warbaahinta. TV-ga, taasina waa aalad waxtar u leh macluumaadka ka mid ah inta badan dadka.

Sayidka, taariikhda kooban television lagu tilmaami laga yaabaa in erayga "warbixin". The feature labaad ee ugu muhiimsan - waa formation of opinion dadweynaha, ma in siyaasiyiinta aan waxtar lahayn iyo advertising waa sidaas oo u xiiseynayey in ay galaan TV, tani waa channel ogol yahay qofka in uu ka dhaadhiciyo of sax ah hal dhibic ka gaarka ah ee view iyo shaqeeyaan dhaqankiisa. TV kale ee uu qabtaa shaqo dhaqanka iyo waxbarashada. Waxaa baahiyaa dhaqanka iyo qiyamka, fidaa heerarka bulsho ahaan la ogolaaday, waxa uu xambaarsanyahay, ninkii aqoon, wuxuu abuuraa dhacdooyinka iyo ifafaale ee shuruudaha qiimaynta. TV sidoo kale waa ay awoodaan in ay qabtaan shaqo ah dhamaystiran, sida ay isugu keeni karto dadka ku nool bulsho gaar ah. Sida dhammaan warbaahinta, TV qabanayo shaqo waxbarasho, waxa uu inoo sheegayaa in uu jiro wanaagga iyo xumaanta, ku qeexan heerarka anshaxa iyo qiyamka. Iyo, dabcan, television waa feature xiiso, waxay ka caawisaa qofka in aad isku dejiso, raaxaysan telecast aragtida.

Noocyada barnaamijyada TV

Taariikhda oo dhan television - waa hab si aad u ogaato qaabab cusub oo barnaamijyada telefishanka. Channels dagaalamayaan daawadayaasha oo sidaas daraaddeed ayaa lagu qasbay in la abuuro noocyo cusub. content television Modern loo qaybin karaa noocyada soo socda:

• Entertainment. Television, waayo, dad badan waa habka aasaasiga ah ee firaaqada, sidaas channels isku dayaan in ay bixiyaan barnaamijyo kala duwan madadaalada ee kooxo kala duwan ee daawadayaasha.
• kala iibsiga Information. Sheekada ee television ugu horayn waxa lala baahida loo qabo in faafiyo macluumaadka, iyo weli dad badan oo soo jeedin on TV in ay maqasho warka iyo in ay bartaan badan oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka iyo xaqiiqooyinka.
• Infotainment. isku dhafan oo ka mid ah laba hawlood ugu muhiimsan ee u ogolaanaya xiiso tirada daawadayaasha oo sidaas daraaddeed soo saarayaasha ugu ayaa isku dayaya in la isu geeyo labada qaabab nooc ka mid ah barnaamijyada.
• barnaamijyada waxbarashada. daayaa Kuwan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu sii darey iyo balaarinayay aqoonta ku saabsan arrimaha kasta. Waxay bixiyaan macluumaad waxtar leh si dhagaystayaasha, u ogolaan in ay bartaan wax cusub oo ay ku ballaariyaan jahooyinka ay.
• Socio-kaakicin gudbinta. content waxaa loogu talagalay abaabulka dhagaystayaasha, iyaga oo ku lug leh in kasta oo waxqabadka firficoon bulsho, sida doorashooyinka.

The bixitaanka iyo horumarinta warbaahinta dunida oo dhan

In 1928 wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo TV-ga ugu horeysay. Ulysses Sanabria ugu horeysay bilaabay inuu gudbin images iyo dhawaaqu ka firikuwensiyada xarun raadiye ay. Laakiin si ay u bilaabaan warbaahinta si joogto ah oo aan suurto gal ahayd inay Depression Great ah. taariikhda television Mass la sii daayaa si joogto bilaabay in 1934 ee Germany. Idaacadda German markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda RRG keentay in Olympics Berlin ee baahisay channel TV. In 1936, warbaahinta si joogto ah ayaa la aasaasay UK. Wax yar ka dib, shirkadda TV ka dhacaan Maraykanka iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti.

In 1950, Mareykanka ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo bandhigay heer cusub ee TV-ga midabka, ku dhowaad dhakhso leh, habkani waxaa soo gaaray in dhammaan dalalka horumariyo. In 1967, Europe iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti soo bandhigay gaar television midabka caadiga ah. Tartiib tartiib sameeyay dhaqanka television ah, shaqeeyaan nidaamka noocyo filan abuuraa archives of barnaamijyada, waxaa jira suxufiyiinta TV xirfadeed iyo war akhriyeyaal. In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 20-aad, television waxa uu noqday mid baahsan, waxa uu ku jiray in ku dhow guriga kasta oo dhulka.

Taariikhda television lagu si kooban u tilmaami karaa rabitaanka saldanad adduunka. TV ayaa had iyo jeer kula tartamayay shaneemo, masrax, madadaalada mass, laakiin ugu danbeyn waxa ay meesha ka qaateen dhaqanka casriga ah, oo aan ku guuleystay laakiin aan laga badiyay ciyaarta.

TV timaado in Russia

Taariikhda telefishanka Russia bilaabmaa goor dambe marka la barbardhigo dalalka kale ee horumaray. Tani waxaa looga hortagi by War World Labaad, taas oo ku riday kale, ka culays badan, dhibaatooyinka gobolka. daayaa joogtada ah bilaabeen in 1931, markii compiler ka waddaa on ruxruxo dhexdhexaad ah. First, waxaa la qaaday oo kaliya 30 telefishanka farsamo, ka dib sayid Ruush ah ayaa bilaabay in ay sameeyaan helaya guriga-dhigay. In 1933, wuxuu bilaabaa consoles'ka saarka raadiyaha "B-2" ee qaata soo dhaweynta telefishanka maxalliga ah. In 1949 wuxuu bilaabay wax soo saarka serial ee television gudaha KVN. In 1951 wuxuu abuuray Central Television idaacadda ee USSR. In 1959, tijaabo on bilaabay baahinta midabka la sameeyay. In 1965, Midowga Soofiyeeti oo bilaabay in ay satellite ugu horeeyay, taas oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad baahin signalka TV dalka oo dhan.

television Soviet

taariikhda Mass of telefishanka Russia bilaabay in 1951, marka uu bilaabo inuu ku shaqeeyaan studio dhexe. Xukuumadda Soviet si dhab ah uga jawaabay abuurka television, ogaaday fursadaha ay u weyn in ay saameyn ku maskaxda ee dadka. Sidaa darteed, ururka ee dowladda soo dhawaaday studio si fiican, waxaa furay qaar ka mid ah koob mowduuc: ku dhaqan-siyaasadeed, carruurta iyo dhallinyarada, music, suugaanta iyo riwaayado. Sannad ka dib yimid istuudiyaha TV Leningrad. studio television Labada hoos yimaada Wasaaradda Dhaqanka ee USSR.

Ilaa 1965, baahinta waxaa fuliyey kaliya ee Moscow iyo Leningrad. In qeybtii labaad ee TV-50s istuudiyaha muuqan gobollo badan, waxay duubay goobaha for studio dhexe. In dabayaaqadii 60-mada ay baahinta bilaabaa in uu ku fiday dhul Yurub, iyo tan iyo 1965 - in dalka oo dhan. Tartiib tartiib, ereyada cusub, .., "Barnaamijka ugu horeysay," "Barnaamijka Moscow", "Barnaamijka Waxbarashada", iwm Ballaarinta waqti daayey "Breaking News", channels cusub muuqdaan muddo. Waa qayb ka mid ah tirooyinka, ku sii daayaa god ugu horeysay Central Studio, u tag barnaamijyada labaad maxaliga ah. In hore 80-mada ay u muuqdaan studio television Jamhuuriga. Central Television bilaabaa in uu ordo badan qaadato in gobollada kala duwan.

TV New Ruush

Iyada oo Manhajkooda ee beddelo waji ee telefishanka, waxaa suuro gal ah urur ka mid ah warbaahinta madax banaan. History of abuurka format cusub ee TV-ga ku bilaabmaa muuqaalka kore ee Company TV "vid". Her abaabulo saxafiyiinta dhallinyarada W. Leaf, A. Lyubimov, A. Rasbash, D. Zakharov. Idaacadda bilaabmaa si ay u abuuraan kala duwan ee wax soo saarka, wayna iibisaa in ay warbaahinta cusub. In 1989, wuxuu bilaabaa xaraashka TV jira, urur cusub: "Ostankino", RTR, "Petersburg - Channel 5." Qaybiyo inta jeer ee ugu weyn, television yar bilaabaan in ay iyaga ku soo gani barnaamijyo kala duwan. In 1996, wuxuu bilaabaa koritaanka saa'idka ah ee shirkadaha cusub ee baahinta tirada oo dhan, ka weyn, sida NTV iyo Ren-TV, in yar, heerka magaalada. kala duwanaanshaha noocan oo kale ah u keenaysaa in xaqiiqda ah in hawada waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo ah barnaamijyada, ka siyaasadeed si madadaalo. Dalku waxa uu leeyahay tiro sii kordhaysa oo xirfadlayaasha television, television noqdo aagga dhaqaale ahaan faa'iido dhaqdhaqaaqa.

Tan iyo 2006, wuxuu bilaabaa cad u kala soocnaadaan telefishinka dadweynaha iyo ganacsiga, inta u dhaxaysa taas oo ay jirto tartan aad u daran, waayo daawadayaasha. Maanta in Russia ay jiraan ku saabsan 3,200 oo shirkadood oo TV in la abuuro wax soo saarka dhammaan kooxaha ee daawadayaasha.

television Ganacsiga ee Russia

Taariikhda television Ruush soo celin sheekada uu waddanka oo dhan. Sidaa darteed, marka Midowga Soofiyeeti kor u jejebiyey oo ay jirto xaalad la ah mabaadi'da cusub dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed, TV qasbay sidoo kale in la beddelo. Sidaas, waxaa jira ganacsi TV a, taas oo, marka lagu daro shaqooyinka kor ku xusan, looga golleeyahay in lagu soo saaro faa'iidooyin dhaqaale. ganacsi Television keenaysaa in muuqaalka kore ee advertising, taas oo ah isha dhaqaalaha. Sidoo kale waxaa jira qeybta mushaharka-TV, taas oo ka mid ah cable, satellite iyo TV internet.

In Russia, habkan waa mid aad u gaabis ah, inta badan dadka aan diyaar u yahay inuu bixiyo wax soo saarka telefishanka iyo channels iibka ma bixin karo wax badan oo content u gaar ah, kaas oo la television free tartami lahaa. horumarinta kakanaanta dheeraad ah ee lacagta-TV ayaa keenay Internetka, kaas oo Ruushku waa lacag la'aan si aad u hesho macluumaad kasta oo ku dhowaad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaad ka arki kartaa in si tartiib tartiib ah u noqdaan caadaysteen in ay adeegyada muwaadiniinta Ruushka sida cable iyo satellite television, taas oo loogu talagalay qadar yar oo guriga keenaya tiro badan oo ah channels.

Iyada oo dhib weyn, laakiin waxaa la aasaasay iyo television a Gaarna ganacsiga, taas oo ka jirta oo kaliya iyada oo loo marayo iibinta alaabta TV ay. Tusaale ahaan waa, tusaale ahaan, TV madax banaan "Roob", taas oo jirta by in aad channel iibinta Macmiil oo soo jiidata daawadayaal qorayaasha barnaamij gaar ah. History of telefishanka lacag ee West waa badan taariikhda ugu guulaha badan. In Russia, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa iyo ganacsi TV la isku dayaya in ay ka jiraan kharash ku xayeysiiya, jiitay tiro badan oo ah daawadayaasha for free.

television digital

Taariikhda oo dhan TV xiran yahay horumarinta horumarka farsamada. Wuxuu saameeyaa kala iibsiga image isbedel technology iyo sababa muuqaalka kore ee noocyada cusub ee TV-ga. Sidaas darteed, la soo bixitaanka of technology digital muuqataa iyo channels baahisey. Waxaa jira dhawr kala duwanaansho ah digital gudbinta signal cable, satellite iyo jidhadhka dhulka. technology ugu dambeeyay ogolaanaya telefishannada la decoder gaar ah si ay u sameeyaan par leh analog iyo signal digital. technology Digital ka dhigaysa in ay si deg deg ah suurto gal ah in meel fog wax laga sii daayo-qeexidda sare video. Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca habaynteeda, waxaa jira dhowr heerarka caalamiga ah: Yurub, Japan iyo Mareykanka. Faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee TV-ga dhijitalka ah waa sida soo socota ka hor inta analoogga ah:

• Yaraynta faragelinta marka gudbinta signal a;
• kordhiyo barnaamijyada lagu kala qaado ee kala duwan isku mid ah inta jeer;
• hagaajinta tayada image ee lagu kala qaado iyo codka;
• suuragalnimada in interactivity la maqlayo, ayuu dooran kartaa markii ugu arkaysid inay dib u eegaan barnaamijka, si aad u dalbato content gaar ah,
• suuragalnimada in gudbinta macluumaad dheeraad ah, marka lagu daro barnaamijyada telefishanka.

Maanta, adduunka oo dhan si degdeg ah bedelay laliska analog si digital. Russia ayaa sidoo kale qaadanay barnaamij of bedelka ee analog baahinta dijitaalka, maanta oo dhan channels waaweyn baahiyey laba nooc oo ah calaamadaha, laakiin waxa ay si tartiib tartiib ah hoos u dhigi doontaa tirada channels analog. Ugu dambayntii, marka ay daawanayeen oo dhan ka bedeli doono telefishanka ee guryahooda on casriga a, television analog iman doonaa wax aan waxba ahayn.

isbeddellada Modern horumarinta telefishanka ee dunida

Iyadoo horumarinta ee taariikhda Internet oo ka mid ah TV-ga waxaa laga beddelo ay dulinka. Maanta, network kasta television waaweyn abuuraa version elektaroonik ah channel, halkaas oo aad ka arki kartaa TV live, ka tago comments, uu codsan karo qaar ka mid ah. Television la beddelo nooc ka mid ah la dhexgalo dhagaystayaasha, hadda channels waxaa si joogto ah u dadaalaya in ay ku lug leeyihiin dhagaystayaasha in isgaarsiinta. Oo cad, habkani kori doono oo kaliya. Daawadayaasha hore u awood u leeyihiin in uu ka tago comments, si ay u codeeyaan, si ay su'aalo u geesiyaal ah barnaamijyada weydiin. Waxaa cad in ugu dhakhsaha badan lumin ay Roobka baahinta habboonaanta, siladda walba soo dhisi doono Roobka a on codsi. siladda The casriga ah waxaa la sii kordheysa noqoto macaamiisha, iyo danaha iyo sii wadi doonaa si loo ogaado socodka macluumaadka foomka television. Warku isdhexgalka TV warbaahinta elektarooniga ah malaha wuxuu korodhsan doonaa. TV noqon doonaa ma aha oo kaliya qadanayo ka mid ah TV, laakiin sidoo kale qalab MFT.

Rajada laga qabo horumarinta telefishanka Russia

The casriga ah taariikhda qoyska television u guurayaan dhinaca la mid ah sida caalamka oo dhan ah. In 2004, Russia markii ugu horaysay la heli in hab fiber-optic gudbinta calaamadaha telefishanka. Sayidka furay marxalad cusub oo TV Internet. Maanta, waayo-aragnimo television cadaadis xoog leh warbaahinta elektarooniga ah soo jiidan daawadayaasha, gaar ahaan haweenka da'da yar. Sidaas awgeed waa cad in taariikhda telefishanka Russia ee qaadi doona tartanka oo la kaashanaya internetka. Maanta, 99% qoysaska la daboolay by baahinta telefishanka, laakiin arrimuhu oo la qorsheeyay kor u siinayo TV, gaar ahaan qoysaska dhallinyarada ah ee gobolka caasimadda. Sida cad, kala duwan ee hadda jira ee saldhigyada TV inuu hoos u yar sabab u guureen internetka, waxay kordhin doontaa takhasuska ah ee shirkadaha, ka awood badan noqon doonaa kala soocan ee warbaahinta iyo shirkadaha wax soo saarka.