Szczerba Lev Vladimirovich - Doctor of Philology, nin afaf ka barto Ruush iyo Soviet. Biography L. V. Scherby

Scherba Lev Vladimirovich - nin afaf ka barto Ruush ah oo aad u fiican, oo waxaa loo arkaa asaasaha dugsi St. Petersburg fenologisk ah. Magiciisana waxaa la og yahay in aqoonyahan kasta. saynisyahan Tani waxa ay ahayd xiiso ma aha oo kaliya af Ruush suugaanta, laakiin qaar kale oo badan iyo sidoo kale xidhiidhka ay. Shuqulkiisa qeyb ka firfircoon horumarinta cilmi afaf. All of this - sabab lagu noqdo qof aqoon u leh culimada u fiican sida Lev Scherba. Uu Biography la soo bandhigay in this article.

Study ee dugsiga sare iyo jaamacad

In 1898 wuxuu ka dugsiga Kiev ee ka qalin la biladda dahabka ah, ka dibna soo galay jaamacadda Kiev, on kuliyadda cilmiga dabiiciga ah. sanadka soo socda, Lev dhaqaaqay St. Petersburg University, waaxda taariikhiga-philological. Halkan, wuxuu inta badan ka shaqeeyey cilmi nafsiga. At sanadka rd 3, uu ka qeyb galay khudbado on Hordhaca Luuqadaha Professor Baudouin de Courtenay. Oo wuxuu noqday xiiso wajiga uu u sayniska arrimaha iyo kor hoos hanuun of a professor. Scherba Lev Vladimirovich sare sano qoray ah maqaalka abaalgudka billadda dahabka. Waxaa lagu magacaabaa "element ugu derjada in hodonimada Afkan." In 1903, uu dhameystirtay tababarka jaamacadda, iyo Baudouin de Courtenay Scherba tagay Waaxda Sanskrit iyo naxwaha barbardhig.

safarada dibedda

Jaamacadda St. Petersburg ee 1906 dibadda u diray Lev Vladimirovich. Waxa uu ku qaatay sano ah ee waqooyiga Italy, bartay lahjado madax banaan Tuscan. Markaas, in 1907, wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Paris Szczerba. Waxa uu noqday ogyahay qalabka shaybaarka ee hodonimada Afkan tijaabo ah, oo ay ka baratay Faransiis iyo ku dhawaaqida Ingiriisi ah habka guun ah oo si madaxbanaan u soo shaqeeyay mid ah waxyaabaha la tijaabo ah.

The waxbarasho ee lahjad Sorbian luqadaha

In Germany, Lev qaatay fasaxa dayrta ee 1907 iyo 1908. Wuxuu bartay oo goobta joogay ee lahjad Muskau luqadaha Sorbian. Interest in luqada Slavic ee qastaan u bixiyey Baudouin de Courtenay. Waxbarashada waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd si ay u horumariyaan aragti ah ee isku dhafka ah ee luqadaha. Lev deganaa ee xaafadda ee Muskau, tuulada, iyagoo aan ogayn in lahjad bartilmaameedka mana dhawaaq ah. Szczerba bartay luqadda halka ku nool qoys uu qaatay, ka qayb shaqada beerta, iyada oo leh, la wadaago Sunday madadaalada. Lev loogu talagalay wax ka ururiyay kitaabkii, kaas oo la soo bandhigay Scherba loo helo shahaado phD. In Prague, wuxuu qaatay dhamaadkii uu safar dibada, waxbarashada Czech luqadda.

Golaha Wasiirada hodonimada Afkan tijaabo ah

Scherba Lev Vladimirovich ku laabtay St. Petersburg oo bilaabay shaqada ee golaha wasiirrada ee tijaabo ah hodonimada Afkan, kaas oo la asaasay 1899 at the University, laakiin waxa uu ahaa a wakhti dheer in a state of dayacaad. daraasaddan - ilmuhu jecel Scherba. Isagoo kaalmo dhaqaale, ayuu ku amray oo wuxuu dhisay qalab gaar ah, maktabad joogta ah updated. In ka badan 30 sano ka yar oo uu hoggaanka aan si joogto ah lagu sameeyo daraasado ku saabsan nidaamka fenologisk of hodonimada Afkan iyo luqadda ee dadyowga kala duwan ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee Russia in uu shaybaarka Lev Scherba ayaa abaabulay dhawaaq tababarka luqadaha Western Yurub. Lev ee 1920 hore u abuuray Mashruuca Machadka Afafka ku lug leh khubaro kala duwan. Waayo, waxa uu had iyo jeer ahaa hodonimada Afkan gaadhsiin cad la edbiyo kale oo badan, sida physics, cilmi nafsiga, jirka, neurolojiga, maskaxda iyo kuwa kale.

Khudbooyin, bandhigyo

Tan iyo 1910, Lev Scherba macalin on sal-dhigida in mowduucan, cilmi afaf (cilmi afaf) ee hay'ad maskaxda, iyo sidoo kale fasalada hodonimada Afkan at koorsooyin gaar ah oo loogu talagalay macalimiinta dhegahooda-cabudhiyo. In 1929, koox shaybaarka ee daaweynta hadalka iyo dhakhaatiirta seminar ku saabsan hodonimada Afkan tijaabo ah ayaa lagu soo abaabulay.

Scherba Lev Vladimirovich sameeyaa dhowr jeer warbixino uguu Society. Uu xidhiidhka la khubarada ee samaynta codka iyo yeerista, iyadoo aragtiyo rayraynta iyo dunida farshaxanka ahaayeen ugu yaraan nool. In hore 20-mada nin afaf ka barto Soviet Szczerba shaqeeyay Institute of erayga nool. In 1930, uu macalin on af Ruush iyo hodonimada Afkan ee Ruush Tiyaatarka Society, iyo sidoo kale akhri warbixinta ee Gobolka Leningrad ee Conservatory, at kuliyadda vocal.

shaybaarka horumarinta

In 1920-1930 sano oo uu shaybaarka noqday machadka cilmi-fasalka-koowaad. Waxa uu ahaa qalab cusub, oo sideeda oo ka mid ah shaqaalaheeda si tartiib ah kor u kacay, in ay ballaariso kala duwan ee hawlaheeda. Waxay bilaabeen in ay ka dalka oo dhan ku soo ururin cilmi, inta badan ka soo Jamhuuriyadda qaranka.

Xiliga laga 1909 in 1916

Laga soo bilaabo 1909 in 1916 - muddo aad u badan dhala oo uu naftiisa Scherba cilmiyeysan. Waxa uu ku qoran in ka badan 6 sano 2 buugaagta iyo caawiyey iyagii, isagoo noqday shahaadada Masterka ugu horeysay ee, ka dibna dhakhtarka. Intaa waxaa dheer, Lev qaban jirtay siminaaro ku saabsan cilmi afaf, Old Slavonic iyo Ruush, in hodonimada Afkan tijaabo ah. Waxa uu sameeyay fasalada on naxwaha barbardhig luqadaha Indo-Yurub, sanad walba dhismaha ay dabcan ku saabsan wax ka mid ah luqada cusub.

Doctor of Philology Lev Scherba 1914 hogaaminayo kooxo arday, kuwaas oo bartay luqadda nool Ruush. firfircoon ahaayeen: SG Barkhudarov, S. A. Eremin, S. M. Bondi, Yu N. Tynyanov..

Isla mar ahaantaana, Lev bilaabay inuu gutaan waajibaadkooda maamulka ee dhowr hay'adaha waxbarashada. Szczerba damcay inuu beddelo ururka waxbaridda, kicin heerka guulihii ugu dambeeyay ee sayniska. Lev si joogto ah la dagaallamay ee joogtada ah iyo formalism hawlaha baridda, oo marna tanaasul hadafyada ay. Tusaale ahaan, in 1913, wuxuu ka Institute St. Petersburg Macalimiinta 'iska casilay, sida ay hadda ugu horayn loogu talagalay macallinka aan fariin aqoonta, iyo fulinta xeerarka maamul oo khiyaaneeyey sayniska iyo ardayda hiwaayadda hortagi jiray.

1920

In 1920 uu guusha ugu muhiimsan ee ahaa horumarinta habka guun ah ee wax ku barayay luqadaha ajnabiga, iyo sidoo kale kordhin ah ee habkan. fiiro gaar ah waxaa la bixiyaa sax Szczerba iyo daahirsanaanta dhawaaq. Xaaladdan oo kale, oo dhan ifafaale guun ah leedahay hoos imaad afka cilmiyeed iyo ula kac ah ardayda hayeyna. meel muhiim u ah hawlaha cilmiga qaadataa diiwaanka dhagaysiga Scherba la qoraalka shisheeye. tababarka oo dhan, si horseednimo, waa in lagu saleeyaa habkan waxaa loo arkaa Szczerba. Waa in soo qaado saxan ee nidaam gaar ah. Aan by fursad Lev diiradda aad u badan oo ku saabsan dhawaaqa afka. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in faham buuxa hadalka luuqad ajnebi ah ula xidhiidha dhalmo saxda ah ee foomka dhawaaqa, hoos si laxniga. fikrad Tani - oo ka mid ah fikradaha guud ee luqada Scherba, kuwaas oo la rumeysan yahay in qaab afka afka waa ugu weyn isaga for iyada oo loo adeegsanayo isgaarsiinta.

Lev ee 1924 waxaa loo doortay in Academy Soofiyeeti ee Sciences xubin Wariyaha ay. Dabadeed wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo erayo ka mid ah guddiga. Hawshoodu ahaa daabaco dictionary a afka Ruushka, kaas oo la qaaday isku day ah in la abuuro more A. A. Shahmatov. Lev Vladimirovich natiijada of this shaqo ahaayeen isaga u gaar ah fikradaha ee field of asal ahaaneed. Shaqo on dejinta qaamuus uu dhaqmaa in qeybtii labaad ee 1920, oo doonaya in ay dalban ah dhista teori ku dhaqanka.

buugagan af Faransiis

Lev Scherba in 1930 sidoo kale wuxuu bilaabay inuu dictionary Ruush-Faransiis. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe aragtida ah ee asal ahaaneed kala duwan, kaas oo uu ku tilmaamay kooban hordhac ah si edition 2-aad ee kitaabka, taas oo ahayd natiijada Scherba shaqeeya muddo toban sanadood ah. Waa ma aha oo kaliya mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu wanaagsan ee afka Faransiiska ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Nidaamka iyo mabaadi'da kitaabkan ahaa aasaas u ah shaqada ee qaamuusyo sida.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Lev ma aysan joogsan. In bartamihii 1930-, uu daabacay buuga kale ee af Faransiis - ". Hodonimada Afkan afka Faransiis" Tani waa natiijo ka mid ah laba sano oo uu shaqo waxbaridda iyo cilmi baaris ku dhawaaq. Buuggu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay is barbardhig la dhawaaq Ruushka ee Faransiis ah.

Habeynta of barayay luqadaha ajnabiga

Lev ee 1937 madax waaxda ka mid ah luqadaha ajnabiga ah ee jaamacadda oo dhan. Szczerba habayn waxbarashada by fulinta ay akhriska qoraalka iyo fahamka habka ku qoran luqado kale. Si taas loo gaaro, Szczerba sameeyay siminaarro gaar ah macallimiinta, taas oo muujinaysa in ay wax ku farsamooyinka Latin. Buug-yarahan, taas oo ka muuqata inuu fikradaha, loo yaqaan "Sidee baan waxbarasho shisheeye luqadood." Lev 2 sano The maamulka ee waaxda si weyn u kiciyey heerka hanti ardaydooda.

Scherba ayaa sidoo kale xiiseynaya in luqadda suugaanta Ruush. Lev ka qayb ballaaran biloowday halka dadaalka si loo xaliyo iyo jaangooyo ee higaada iyo naxwaha luuqada Ruushka. Wuxuu xubin ka mid ah guddiga, kuwaas oo bilaa saxar ah buugaagta dugsiga Barkhudarova noqday.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Lev ee October 1941 laga saarey in Kirov gobolka, in Molotovsk. Waxa uu u dhaqaaqay Moscow xagaagii 1943, taas oo ku soo laabtay nolol caadi ah madaxa socday koowaad ee hawlaha baridda, cilmi-baarista iyo maamulka. Tan iyo bishii August 1944 Szczerba ahayd si dhab ah u jirran, iyo December 26, 1944 Szczerba dhintay Laawiyiintii.

Contribution afka Ruush, ninkanu wuxuu ahaa weyn, oo shuqulkiisuna wuxuu la xiriira in maalinta la joogo. Waxay yihiin Classics tixgeliyo. cilmi afaf Ruush, saddex kelmedood, asal ahaaneed, psycholinguistics ayaa weli ku salaysan shuqulkiisa.