Louis-Nicolas Davout. Marshal kaliya ee Napoleon, oo aan laga badiyay hal dagaal

Lui Nikola Davu - mid ka mid ah Jeneraaladii ugu fiican ee Wars Napoleonic ah. Ahaa Marshal kaliya ee Napoleon, ma hal dagaal ma lumin. Bal aynu eegno dhow at the Biography iyo guulaha of this Taliyaha ciidamada caan ah.

Childhood iyo Waxbarashada

guud ee mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay Burgundy, May 10, 1770 galay sharaf qoyska ka mid ah. Lui Nikola ayaa la sara kiciyey ku hadla a military dugsiga Brienne-le-Chateau. Waxa xiiso leh in la ogaado in sanad ka hor soo galo isla dugsiga uu ka Napoleon Bonaparte qalin. Idinkoo u Toosan xeerkii qoyska, 1788 Davoust bilaabay hawshiisu in guutada fardooley ah, oo markii hore waxay u adeegeen sidii aabbihiis iyo awoowe.

Kacaanku Faransiis

Inta lagu jiro Kacaanka Faransiis ah, si ay u bilaabaan military, iyada oo aan laba jeer fikirka, waxaan goostay in aan difaaco meel ka mid ah dadka kacaan. Tan iyo markii ciidankii ka soo cararay ama taageerayaal badan oo ka mid ah Bourbons dhigay off, waxaa u muuqday tiro badan oo ah posts bannaan. Waxay qaateen saraakiil dhalinyaro ah, iyo xaaladaha qaarkood, xitaa askarta caadiga ah la dareenkaaga hoggaanka. Louis-Nicolas Davout ahaa mid ka mid ah saraakiisha badan oo lagugu leeyahay ay u kaca kacaanka iyo guushii ay ka gaareen Bourbons ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1794 in 1797 Davoust ee ku darajo wayn ee guud Guuto wuxuu la diriray oo in madaxda sare ee ciidamada ee Rhine ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jiirtii joogo in Olympus Taliyaha a of Fame Davoust bilaabay hoos banner ee Bonaparte.

duulaan dalka Masar

In muddo ah ka 1798 in 1801 la darajo ah Major General Davoust qaybqaatay duulaan dalka Masar Napoleon ee. Waxa uu helay amarka iyo awr Faransiiska. In dagaalka Aboukir, kaas oo ka dhacay on June 25, 1799, qab qable dagaal yar oo gaar Sharaf. Oo isla maalintaas, 7000th Ciidamada Faransiis adkaaday Taliyaha 15 kun Turkish ciidanka by magaca Mustafa Pasha. Saddex-meelood laba ka mid ah Ciidamada cadowga goobta dagaalka, iyo inta kale ee ku dhacay, oo ay la socdaan Mustafa Pasha, dhiibay. A Asluubta reserve yar, kuwaas oo taliyaha ahaa lui Davu, kaalin weyn in ay guul this. taariikhyahanadu badan ayaa dhiiran tahay in ay aaminsan yihiin in in dagaalka this, Bonaparte loo arkaa nin geesi ah oo ka mid ah wada hadalka, Taliyaha cabsi la'aan iyo awood.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in duulaan dalka Masar ayaa waxaa madaxa loo saaraa taaj failure dhamaystiran France, waxaa furay badan oo magacyo cusub, taas oo mustaqbalka iyo ammaan military qabtay Napoleon. General lui Davu intii uu socday dagaal ku jiray ambabaxay dhow Bonaparte ee, kuwaas oo si kalsooni leh u soo dhaqaaqay dhinaca sare ee dowladda.

darajo ee Marshal

Isla markii duulaan dalka Masar Dawa si guul u horseeday awr ciidanka Talyaani ee Bonaparte, kuwaas oo la Austrians la dirireen. In 1804, geesiga ah duulaan Masar iyo Emperor ee shirkadda Talyaaniga ayaa la siiyay darajo ee Marshal ee France iyo jagooyinka la taliye Napoleon ee.

The guulaha ugu horeysay ee amarka ilaalada

In muddo ah ka 1805 in 1814 uu hogaaminayo Marshal Davoust Corps. In 1805, kooxda ayaa isu tusay si fiican at Ulm, halkaas oo ciidanka boqor ee ciidankiisii oo Austria. Baron von Mack Layberih - Chief of Austrians ah, oo ay la socdaan 30-kun oo ciidan ayaa lagu qasbay in ay is dhiibaan cadowga, kaas oo lagu xukumay 20 sano oo xabsi ah by tribunal a military si ay u.

October 9, 1805 qaybaha Davoust si guul leh u tallaabay Danube ee, duulaya in Gunzburg iyo gudbaya aagga. Austrians oo difaacday magaalada Danube, lahaa u Dumayn ka dib markii dagaal culus.

Marshal Davout ahaa mid ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha firfircoon weerarkii lagu qaaday ciidanka reer Bonaparte Vienna. November 8 madaxa ah uu jirka u dhow magaalada Mariazell, waxa uu ku guuleystay dagaalka lagula jiro Saaka iyo Austria, hogaaminayo General von Meerfeldom. In dagaalka this, Faransiis ku suurtagashay in ay qaataan maxaabiista 4000. Guushaan ayaa ahaa dhacdo qeexaya in qaddar Vienna ee.

Battle of Austerlitz

December 2, 1805 at dagaal Austerlitz dhacay, hoos ugu tegey, sida "Battle of boqorada Saddex ka" ee taariikhda. Oo isla maalintaas, ciidanka Faransiiska guul muhiim ah ciidan Ruush-Austria ee xulufada badan. guul Austerlitz Noqotay Cidhibtii ee isbahaysiga anti-Faransiis, iyo Roman Empire Quduuska ah. Franz II - gooyo la soo dhaafay of Boqortooyada Roomaanka, gabagabeeyay nabad Napoleon kaliya ahaa a Roman Emperor Francis ugu horreeyey. Burburkii taariikhiga ah ee boqortooyadii mar xoog badan ciyaaray door muhiim ah, iyo Taliyaha Faransiis ah Davoust.

The dagaalka yen-Auershtedtskoe

In 1806, Biography Taliyaha a Davoust buuxsameen guulo cusub. The dagaalka yen-Auershtedtskom dhacay intii u dhaxaysay Napoleon iyo ciidammadoodii Prussian on 14 October, sirkaalka wax qora oo ahaa mid ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu waaweyn. dagaalka ayaa waxaa loo kala qaybiyey laba weji. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u dhacay Auerstadt, iyo tan labaad - at Jena. Corps Marshal lui Davu dhaliyay marxalada koowaad.

Marshal la siiyey amarka garabka koowaad ee ciidamada Imperial. Under amarkiisa waxaa jiray 26 kun oo rag iyo 44 qori. Davoust sameeyey dhanka ah garabka bidix ee ciidanka Prussian hogaaminayo ee Duke of Brunswick, oo ay ku jiraan 54 000 oo askar iyo 230 qoryaha. Mid ka mid ah xiriirka ciidamada ku filan si ay u qiimeeyaan unambiguously awood u ah dhinacyada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dagaalka ugu daran Davoust kama adkaan karaa oo keliya marka ay ciidamada cadowga, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u disho hoggaamiyaha.

In dagaalka Jena, ciidanka Faransiiska ee Napoleon shakhsi maamula. Waxa uu si buuxda u adkaaday Taliyaha ciidanka of Prince Prussian ku Hohenlohe ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dagaalka this of dheelitirka awoodda ee ay ahayd ku dhowaad siman. Guud ahaan, ka dagaal yen-Auershtedtskoy, ciidanka Faransiis badiyay 11 kun oo qof, 7 ka mid ah dagaal Auershtedtskoe.

horyaalka laandheere

Sidoo kale in 1806 Louis-Nicolas Davout ayaa lagu qasbay in ay la kulmaan ciidamada Ruush. On 24 December, isaga oo jirka, oo ay la socdaan ciidanka Napoleon ee gudbeen steepening webiga, iyo habeenkii hoos Czarnowo weeraray ciidanka 15000th Ruush. In dagaalka this, Faransiis lunsan oo ku saabsan kala badh Ruush badan.

Guushaan ayaa cajiib at Auerstadt Davoust ma qarsoonaan karin, iyo Napoleon u sharrifnay Binii guud, ma aha oo kaliya amarka laakiin sidoo kale horyaalka sharaf of Duke Auershtedtskogo. Waxaa xusid mudan in Napoleon Bonaparte, isagoo hooyo a of miskiin Korisikan-Talyaani sharaf leh qoyska, wuxuu noqday boqor of France, deeqsinimo leh ugu Raaxaynay horyaal ee taabacsan, sidaas isku dayaya in ay abuuraan Kooxaha cusub ee gobolka.

Battle of Ekmyule

April 22, 1809 Ciidamada Napoleon ee mar kale la ciidanka Austria, kuwaas oo amarka ahaa aaminay in Charles Archduke ah. Austrians u suurtagashay in ay qaataan si ay meelaha Ekmyulem hoostiisa booska wanaagsan ugu. Napoleon u diray inay digniin cadowga boos jidhkooda ugu wanaagsan, oo ay ku jiraan jirka ah ee Marshal Davoust. Kaliya dagaal culus ka dib, aan mar guurayso dhalisay, Faransiis ku suurtagashay in ay fujiyo cadowga ka meelahayga sarsare. By Galab, Charles Archduke ah wuxuu watay dadkiisii si Regensburg. khasaaraha uu ee Battle of Ekmyule lacag dhan 11 kun oo qof oo ka 76 ciidan kun. Guushaan ayaa dagaalka ku this, Napoleon u furay rajada fiican - razchlenilas ciidanka Austria laba qaybood. Guud The, kuwaas oo door muhiim ah ka guul this, ayaa si deeqsinimo ah abaal. Sidaas daraaddeed, Louis-Nicolas Davout helay dukedom ah, iyo weli amiirka - Prince noqday Ekmyulskim.

The Battle of Wagram

In 1809 Davout mar kale helay fursad inuu la kulmo in dagaalka la Charles Archduke ah. Markan dagaal la dagaallamay Wagram. Habeen ka hor dagaalka ka, ciidanka ee guud ahaan jasiiradda of Lobau Napoleon ee tallaabay loo nicmeeyay anagu of Danube. ciidanka Austria, ayaa in ka badan boqol kun oo ciidamo iyo 452 qoryaha, oo wuxuu aaday inuu Vahram iyo xididana halkaas. In fiidkii on July 5 Emperor amartay iyada ciidan ee Italy, taas oo kor u Corps Saxon ah, si ay u weeraraan cadowga. Maaddaama ay qalad Talyaaniga kuwaas oo qaatay Saxons ee cadowga, si ay u lahaa in la joojiyo.

The dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee ka dhacay maalintii soo socda, marka Napoleon habayn oo ciidankiisa, oo wuxuu lahaa awood sare oo ah tiro ka badan cadowga si cusub ee dagaalka. Davout iyo Oudinot inay ka wada shaqeeyaan soo horjeeda garabka bidix ee booska cadowga. Austrians The ballaaran u weeraray kooxda ka dhisan this of Faransiis ah, laakiin ay guul aan la keenay. Oo weliba, hoos ciribtir ee xarunta cadowga iyo garabka bidix ee ciidanka Faransiis lahaa in ay ka baxaan in dib u gurasho. Ciidamada diraya in ay ka qeyb dhexe ee xoojinta ee foomka of Corps Talyaani ee MacDonald, dib u jiidaya madaafiicda ah, Emperor ahaa kara inuu wax badbaadiyo xaaladda. madaafiic xoog badan joojiyay ciribtir ee Austrians ah. Louis-Nicolas Davout Dhanka kale iyadoo xoojiyo iyo, ku garaacday garabka bidix ee ciidanka cadowga, wuxuu soo qaaday fiican iyada. Marshal suurtagashay in ay hesho galay gadaal ciidanka Austria iyo iyada goostaan ku saabsan Vesedele. Guryaha saaxiibkii Vahram Uda guulaystay. In dagaalka 11-ka saac ee, Carl laga badiyay oo ku saabsan 50 kun oo qof. Sidaas darteed, in lagu qasbay inay uga noqda dhinaca Moravia.

Guushaan ayaa ka mid ah Wagram kharashka Faransiis waa qaali. First, ciidanka Napoleon ee luntay 32,000 oo askari. Marka labaad, ka dib markii ay Battle of Britain oo Empire Ruush soo galay dhanka ah Napoleonic France ee dagaalka.

Tug in Russia

Faransiis Emperor ma cabsi aasaasay isaga ka gees ah isbahaysiga ah ciqaab Yurub. In 1812, Russia keligiis ayuu hadhay - xulafadooda hore ee dagaallada anti-Napoleonic, Austria iyo Prussia, ayaa lagu qasbay in ay noqdaan sokeeye Empire Faransiis ah.

, Ciidanka Napoleon ee July 12 gudbay River Neman ah, soo galeen Empire Ruush ah. qalmay baaxad weyn ka hor inta ciidammadoodu Ruush lahaa in ay ka cararaan dagaalka looga fogaado. Siinta dagaalka keli ah, waxay gebi ahaanba waa la hubiyaa ay complete soo gaartay.

Corps ee Marshal Davoust loo diray gargaarka ciidanka reer Jerome Bonaparte, kuwaas oo eryadeen labaad Ruush Western Army General Bagration, ka baxayeen Vaukavysk ee koonfur-bari. Taliyaha dhaqdhaqaaq u yiqiin ciidamada Ruush oo ka soo hoos dhabar jab ku double cadowga, taasoo keentay in labada Marshal Faransiis ah ka noqday ayaa kor u qaadaan. Markii ciidanka Bagration ayaa bilaabay in ay ka gudbaan Niemen ah, ku Guud Faransiis sameeyey isku day kale oo lagu guulaysan inuu kaxaysto iyadii deegaanka. Arkay qorshayaasha cadowga, General Bagration soo jeestay in ay Minsk.

In Mogilev Davout isku dhaceen ciidan eryadeen, in magaalada cadowgooda ugu hor yimid. The labaad Ruush Western Army waxaa mar kale ka go'een Western Army ugu horeeyay ee General Barclay de Tolly, Socda woqooyi. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jiray waxba uma hadhin Bagration, laakiin dib u dhigto ka hor sii cadowga. waxaa Samee uu u wakiishay Corps of General Rajewski.

The wax-uqabso ee jiifku ku Dawa la kulmay armaajo oo u dhow tuulada Saltanovka Rajewski. In dagaalka Saltanovka Ruush u suurtagashay in ay soo wareego rabitaanka Faransiis ah, iyo mar kale ciidanka Bagration ee ka jab ah oo ka tirsan ciidamada Imperial ku yimid. Markan waxay u soo diray inuu Smolensk.

Near 1aad Smolensk iyo ciidammadoodii Western 2aad biiray Ruush. August 4 bilaabay Battle of Smolensk (dagaal th 1812), kaas oo ka qaybgalay iyo Davout. Mid ka mid ah kooxihii ay, hogaaminayo Gudin, awooday in uu iska kala saaro oo dagaalka ku jira ee Valutina Mountain, weerareen askartii ka mid ah Major-General Tuchkov saddex-meelood meel. Arintaan ayaa waxaa dhaawac halis ah oo la qabtay.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka Borodino, iyadoo la raacayo dabeecada gooyo, Davout ahaa taagan midig ee xarunta ciidanka. Xarunta waxa uu ahaa mas'uul ka ah dhibaatada ugu weyn ee ciidanka Napoleon ee. Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu xariif ku qalcad beerta Ruush, taas oo lagu daray taariikhda ciidamada sida dareen Bagration.

Sida laga soo xigtay dhaqanka, taas oo bilaabay Napoleon, ka hor dagaal weyn, ciidamada ee dharka boqortooyadiisa oo ku labisan dharka buuxa. August 26, 1812, qorraxda waagii beryayay, ayay bilaabeen weerar madaafiic xoog badan oo ka labada dhinac. Qiyaastii 6:00 am Faransiis bilowday a dareen duufaan weyn. Laba kooxihii Davoust ayaa loogu talagalay koonfurta saaqay. In kasta oo ay sarreeyaan tiro ka mid ah Faransiiska, Ruush weli u suurtagashay in ay kada weerarka.

By 7 am Davout naftiisa u bixiyey iyo dib u bilaabay weerarka. Markan uu u suurtagashay in ay qabsadaan radi koonfurta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, amarka soor dhowr guuto lugta, taas oo Bagration diray inay radi ah, ogol yahay in ay garaaca Faransiis ka soo qalcad ah. Markaas Napoleon u diray inay gargaarka ee awr ee Murat, Davout, Asluubta Ney iyo ciidamada kale. Faransiis The galay midig iyo bidix radi, laakiin weyn Ruush counter-attack mar kale ka soo reebtay. Weerarada Bagration dareen maalinta raacay mid kale ka dib markii ...

Inta lagu guda jiro dib u gurasho ka mid ah Ciidamada Grand ee Napoleon Louis-Nicolas Davout uu si toos ah ay daba socon, taas oo si joogto ah u lahaa in ay soo xirteen Cossack ka Ataman Platov , iyo Xarakada General Miloradovich. October 22, Vyazma cadowga Ruush soo laabatay hor istaagay wadada West ah. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ciidankii reer Davoust helay xoojiyo, Ruush isaga kala jejebiyey. Oo isla maalintaas, ciidanka Napoleon ee ku waayay qiyaastii 8000 oo askari. Ka dib guuldaradii ugu boqor Vyazma bedelay "Iron Marshal" (ee loo yaqaan hooyo Davoust) sida taliyaha ciidanka in askartu wuxuu ka gadaal Marshal Nexemyaah.

khasaaraha kale ee muhiimka ah ee Ruush Army Corps of Davout gaaray dagaalka meel u dhow tuulada Red, kaas oo lagu qabtay 3 ilaa 6 November. Baxayeen Smolensk, Faransiis ku doonayeen in ay jebiyaan iska isagoo ka baxsanayo cadaadis Ruush iyo ka bixitaanka webiga Berezina. dagaalka ka dib, jirka ah ee Marshal Davoust waxaa haddii diiwaan.

guuldaradii of France

Davoust ma ka mid ah horjoogayaal ah Napoleon, kuwaas oo ku wareejiyay Xulafada in Paris ahaa. In 1813 iyo 1814 wuxuu la diriray ee waqooyiga Germany, Hamburg difaacaneysa hareeraynta ciidamada Ruush iyo Prussian. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in la hareereeyo dhacay oo aan weerarada hubaysan iyo qaraxyo, Hamburg ciidankii weli dhiibay Xulafada.

Marka Napoleon France guuldarro millatari iyo mid siyaasadeed, Louis-Nicolas Davout, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa had iyo jeer soo qabanqaabinayay Napoleon, iyo ku hadhay Aamin buu u. Oo isna xataa markuu ahaa ee Hijrooday ee jasiiradda of Elba, Davout ma quusan aragtidooda. Marka Napoleon degay xagga koonfureed ee dalka, waxay bilaabeen inay gaardi March guul in Paris, lui Davu isaga soo biiray. Inta lagu jiro "boqol maalmood", wuxuu ku hadhay on post Wasiirka of War in France.

Marka Bourbons soo noqdeen awoodda, Davoust ahaa mid aad u caan ah ee dalka, iyo gaar ahaan ciidanka. Waxa uu, sida dadka kale oo ka mid ah horjoogayaal ah Napoleon, badiyay saf ah oo dhan, iyo koob, laakiin ma aha, waayo muddo dheer - in 1817, si looga fogaado cuncun ee bulshada, ayuu u soo noqday oo dhan horyaal jir ah iyo saf ah. Laba sano ka dib, Davoust maamulo ma aha oo kaliya in ay woo, maamulka, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u noqdaan isku faca ah France.

June 1, 1823 Louis-Nicolas Davout u dhintay cudurka qaaxada sambabada ee Paris.