Subcomandante Marcos: Biography iyo sawirka

Subcomandante Marcos - Siyaasi iyo kacaan Mexico, kuwaas oo ahaa hoggaamiyaha ciidanka Zapatista ee Xoreynta Qaranka (EZLN), koox hubeysan kuwaas oo ka fallaagoobay dowladda Mexico ee Chiapas ee January 1994.

Biography

image The, kaas oo qariyaa madaxa EZLN ah, ayaa mowduuca ugu hadalheynta badan, sida lagu jiro kulan oo uu soo noqnoqda ka hor warbaahinta qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah, wuxuu had iyo jeer ku qariyey oo wejiga hoos Balaklava. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, bishii February 1995, Subcomandante Marcos qaadataa off maaskarada: dowladda Mexico ayaa isaga loo aqoonsaday Rafael Sebastian Gilena Visente. Sida laga soo xigtay ilo, Madaxweynaha Mexico, Ernesto Zedillo, Guillen uu ku dhashay July 10, 1957 in Tampico (Tamaulipas), qoys wayn ayaa ku hawlan ganacsiga ee alaabta guriga. Bilaabay waxbarashada uu in uu ku dhashay, Guillen u sii Guadalajara iyo Monterrey, ka dibna ka diiwaangashan Banaan University Qaranka ee Mexico, halkaas oo uu ka helay shahaado ah falsafada iyo suugaanta. Ilaha isku soo jeedinaya in at 24 jir uu go'aansaday inuu ka tago sharraxaadda waxbariddiisa shaqo, u safray Chiapas, oo waxay noqdeen doode xuquuqda dadka gobolka.

Qaybta Tani waxaa laga yaabaa in ay udub dhexaad u tahay kacdoonkii Zapatista ah, sida dhaqdhaqaaqa isku dayayaan in ay u qaawisid sababaha asalka u ah ee qarniyo badan oo backwardness ee dadka u ururay ka badan si ay u dalbadaan horumarinta bulshada. Xaqiiqada ah in Subcomandante Marcos (photo ayaa lagu muujiyay maqaalka) ayaa loo aqoonsaday qofka uusan ka tirsan mid ka mid ah dhaqamada maxaliga ah, oo xataa deggan Gobolka Chiapas, Zedillo ahaa doodda Xukuumadda ee isku dayaya in ay dilayo dhaqdhaqaaqa. Sida laga soo xigtay hoggaanka dalka Mexico, anagu ka kasbatay maqan qadayn oo ka mid ah dabaqada dhexe ee tagay Mexico Hindida loo isticmaalaa in lagu dilayo fulinta qaranka.

Doorka warbaahinta

Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, mid ka mid ah ilaha ay caanka ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Zapatista ahaa guul, kaas oo la isticmaali by Subcomandante Marcos of opinion dadweynaha caalamka. Waxa uu akhriyo gabayo, kaftan oo wuxuu naadiyey farriimaha siyaasadeed oo muhiim ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen guddiyada kacaan qarsoodi ah dadka, kuwaas oo hoggaamiye ahaa. In war-saxaafadeed lagu daabacay on shabakadda a (aan shaki, fure kale si ay caanka ah ee kacaanka dalka dibaddiisa), dalabaadka loo sameeyey beddelidda ee Mexico galay jamhuuriyad caalamiga ah la aqoonsado xuquuqda guddiyada jaaliyadaha asal ahaan in ay ka qayb maamulka degmada, iyaga dammaanad caddaaladda iyo xaqsoorka, iyo bixinta taageero iyo xaqiiqaynta xaq u leeyihiin inay fuliyaan hawlgalo cibaadaysi iyo caadooyinka. Intaa waxaa dheer, dawladda Mexico ahaayeen in ay damaanad ah in degmooyinka Dadka asaliga ah lagu maamuli doonaa by Hindida waxay isku, iyo in dadka waa in ay xaq u leeyihiin naftooda si loo xaliyo qaar ka mid ah madani, ciqaab, shaqada iyo khilaafyada ganacsiga sidan oo kale in sharciga qaranka tixgelinayo dhaqamada iyo caadooyinka a.

Zapatista kacdoonkii

Subcomandante Marcos hogaaminayo Zapatista Ciidanka Wadaniga Xoreynta ee maalinta koowaad ee January 1994 kaxaystay lix magaalo oo ku yaala Chiapas, oo ay ku jiraan San Cristobal de las Casas. laba iyo toban maalmood oo dagaallo iyo tiro fara badan oo dhimasho banii'aadam oo dhaawacyo ah ka dib, wuxuu bilaabay inuu wadahadal dhex maray dawladda. Tan iyo markaas Marcos (Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente) qaybgalay wadahadaladii u, iyo ku hadhay tirada walbaana dhaqdhaqaaqa Zapatista ah.

Bishii Febraayo 1996, wafdigii dowladda iyo jabhada la saxiixay heshiis San Andrés ee ku saabsan xuquuqda bulshada wadaniga ah, laakiin dhawr bilood ka dib EZLN eedeeyay Madaxweynaha Zedillo in jebinta heshiiska iyo wadahadalka u dhexeeya dhinacyada jebin. Heshiiska ayaa dhigaya baaxadda ballaaran ee is-ka-talinta tobanaan malaayiin Mexico Hindida, ayaa xaqiijiyay in aqoonsiga jiritaanka gobolka ee dadka, foomamka of control, caadooyinka iyo dhaqamada ay, laakiin Madaxweynaha Zedillo jeediyay edition a kala duwan ee qoraalka diiday mucaaradka, iyo in January 1997, EZLN ka fogaatay geedi socodka gorgortanka.

Dib wada hadalka

Ka dib markii isbedel awoodda dalka sida ay natiijada doorashada ee July 2000, madaxweynaha cusub Visente Foks hore ee Senator Luis Guddoomiyaha Alvarez magacaabay for Peace ee Chiapas. Alvarez sameeyay Guddiga Concord iyo nabadda (Cocopa), wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay horumarinta sharciga qabyada ah, soo koobay heshiis ku gaareen, taas oo u baahan waafaqsan Zapatistas ah.

The cusub ee la doortay Madaxweynaha Mexico Fox bixiyey in dib loo bilaabo wada hadalo kula tahay jabhada, iyo Marcos ayaa aqbalay dalab, xataa oggolaan in ay caasimada federaalka tagaan. Maalinta ku xigta ka dib markii caleema saarka ee hoggaamiyaha EZLN ee shirka jaraa'id buuxo, suxufiyiinta ayaa sheegay in dalabaadka mucaaradka si loo soo celiyo wada hadal ay ciidanka ka tirsan, hirgelinta heshiisyadii San Andrés iyo sii daynta maxaabiista u dhaqdhaqaaqa noqday.

Iswaafiqida jagooyinka dawladda iyo mucaaradka ka caawiyay guul xisbiga Chiapas rumaha iyo sameynta isbahaysi xukun cusub. Pablo Salazar Guddoomiyaha xilka qabtay 8 December 2000 oo ballan qaaday in ay kor u qaadaan dib u heshiisiinta ah ee kala duwan bulshada, siyaasadda, beeraha iyo diinta adag. Laakiin taliyihii ayaa u ballan qaaday inuu ku soo bilowdo nidaamka sharciga in la sii daayo maxaabiista ka mid ah Zapatistas, taas oo mid ka mid ah shuruudaha ugu muhiimsan ee Marcos wadahadal cusboonaaday ahaa.

Zapatista March

Oo wakhtigii hore ee madaxweynenimadiisa, Fox amar ku bixiyay in la sii daayo maxaabiista 40 Zapatista iyo qayb ka gobolka mucaaradka ay ciidamadeeda kala baxdo. Waxa uu sidoo kale si Congress sharci ku saabsan xuquuqda dadka soo diray, sida la isku raacay sanadkii 1996. Marcos jawaabay qiyaastaas oo rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay bishii Maarso ee caasimada for dhawaaqo dalabaadkooda ee Congress. Waxaa soo gaadhay dheecaan yar oo ah isku dhaca, taas oo aan waxba u yimid in dhowr bilood. EZLN weydiistay ilaa Maarso on Mexico City, oo ay la socdaan wakiilada Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee Laanqeyrta Cas, laakiin xukuumadda waxa uu cadaadis kaga ganacsatada iyo ciidamada uu hor istaagay macquul this. Fox eedeeyay jabhada waa in aanay siin jawaab togan si ay shaqo u sameeyo oo la joojiyay bixitaankii ciidamada iyo in la sii daayo maxaabiista, iyo Marcos lagu eedeeyay madaxweynaha in uu kaliya iska danaynaya xalinta khilaafka iyada oo aan ku go'aan qaadanayaan si dhab ah nabadda.

February 24, 2001 March Zapatista bilaabay on wareeg cusub oo hor imaad. 15 maalmood ka dib bilowgii iyo maray in ka badan 3000 km ee meelaha ugu saboolsan ee dalka, oo uu hoggaaminayo kolonyo Subcomandante gaaray degaanka ee El Zocalo ee Mexico City. Hogaamiyaha mucaaradka ku dhawaaqay inuu doonayo inuu sii joogo caasimada ilaa ansixinta baarlamaanka sharci qabyo ah oo ku saabsan bixinta madaxbannaani in tobanaan malaayiin Hindida. wakiilada March 12 EZLN lahaa kulanka ugu horeeya Guddiga Cocopa in ka hormarey kulan ee Xisbiga iyo xubno ka mid ah Congress Mexico iyo Golaha Guurtida ka. Dowladda Marcos soo jeediyay in uu abaabulo shir u dhexeeya wakiilada oo ka mid ah 10 mucaaradka oo 10 senators, laakiin Subcomandante khilaafay oo dalbaday in wafdiga ka hor kulanka qolalka baarlamaanka muuqday. Maqnaanshaha heshiis, iyo, inkasta oo qoraalka biilka loogu balan qaadayo, Marcos si lama filaan ah ku dhawaaqay go'aankiisa uu kaga tagayo caasimadda oo ku soo celi, si ay buurta Chiapas.

Cadaadiska lahaa saamayn, iyo Madaxweynaha Visente Foks go'aansatay in ay aqbasho jabhada iyo sidaas looga hortago soo noqoshada ah Zapatistas, taas oo keeni lahaa waaga cusub ee geedi socodka nabadda. Madaxa dawladda ayaa ku dhawaaqay in la sii daayo dhammaan jabhada xabsi in ciidamada ka baxaan saddexda xeryaha milatariga ee gobolka Hargeysa oo ballan qaaday in ay sameeyaan dadaal lagu doonayo in wafdiga mucaaradka la helay ee Congress.

Intii uu socday kulanka taariikhiga ah lagu qabtay on March 22, 2001, baarlamaanka ansixiyey (218 votes waayo, 210 ka gees ah, 7 aammusay) qaybgalka wafdi EZLN. 28 March 23 ergay Xarakada qaatay madaxda ugu horeysay ee baarlamaanka dalka Mexico oo ka rostrum ee "Taliye" Esteer, oo xubin ka ah hoggaanka siyaasadeed ee EZLN hadlay. Ka dib markii uu hadal uu ku difaacayo xuquuqda dadka, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in Miss Marsh sameeyey. geedi socodka nabadda dib u bilaabay iyo xiriirka ugu horeeyay ee u dhexeeya jabhada iyo dawladda. Subcomandante Marcos iyo Zapatistas ah, sida muuqata ku qanacsan, March 30 ilaa Chiapas soo laabtay.

Halganka sii

Inkastoo furasho warbaahinta, madaxda wadaniga ah baahida aan helin taageero la filayo. Bishii April, ee Senate iyo Congress la ansixiyay dokumenti, kaas oo bixiya for hordhaca ah ee isbedel ku Dastuurka si loo hubiyo in xuquuqda dadka, laakiin wax ka beddelka ah in mashruuca asalka ah si xooga ku koobnayn heshiis andresskie San oo sababay falcelin xun. kooxaha Indigenous, in dhamaadka, diiday sharciga ku saabsan xuquuqda iyo dhaqanka dadka, ma bixiso habab si ay u hirgeliyaan xuquuqdaas. Sidoo kale, Zapatistas ayaa muujiyay mucaaradka muuqda qoraalka, ansixiyeen Rugta, sida aysan u ogolaan "is lahayn, ma madaxbannaani dhab ah." Subcomandante Marcos ku dhawaaqday in EZLN ma bilaabi doonaa wadahadalo kula dawladda, ganaax sanadkii 1996, waxayna sii wadi doontaa in ay la dagaallamaan.

dadka, kooxaha caqliga iyo xisbiga garabka bidix ee Kacaanka Dimuqraadiga, gudbiyay in ka badan 300 dacwadaha sharciga by Congress maray dhanka ah, laakiin bishii September 2002 ay diiday Maxkamadda Sare.

ololayaal kale oo

Bishii August 2005, ayuu war dadweynaha ugu horeysay tan iyo guga ee 2001 Marcos ee Chiapas dhawaaqday ujeedka ma si ay u taageeraan wax kasta oo ka mid ah musharaxiinta madaxtinimada ee 2006 iyo maratay iyaga dhaleeceeyey, gaar ahaan Duqa Magaalada Mexico City Manuel Lopez Obrador hore. Subcomandante ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in isdhexgalka socda dhaqdhaqaaqa Zapatista ee nidaamka siyaasadeed ee dalka Mexico ka dhici doona iyada oo loo marayo samaynta a hore bidix ballaadhan. Maalintii ugu horraysay ee 2006 Marcos bilaabay safar mooto ee wadanka oo dhan ah oo lagu taageerayo oo ka mid ah waxa loogu yeero "Ololaha kale" si ay u abuuraan dhaqdhaqaaq in mideeya dadka dalka iyo kooxaha iska-caabbinta isbedelka ka baxsan tartanka. Doorashada ka dib, ayuu mararka qaarkood u muuqday bayaanka soo socda.

Comandante si rasmi ah marnaba xaqiijiyay ama la diido in uu Guillen.

Subcomandante Marcos: hal-abuurka

Hogaamiyaha Zapatistas ayaa ku qoran in ka badan 200 curisyada iyo sheekooyinka iyo ayaa daabacay 21 buugaag, taas oo uu ku xusan uu views siyaasadda iyo falsafada. Works daabacay hoos magaca Subcomandante Marcos - "The Revolution kale" (2008), «¡Ya Basta! Toban sano kacdoonkii Zapatista "(2004)," Arrimaha iyo seefo :. warkii Revolution Zapatista ah "(2001), iwm In iyaga qoraaga jecel yahay inuu hadlo oo aan si toos ah foomka of sheekooyinka.

shaqo joogto ah, kaas oo la daabacay by Subcomandante Marcos - "War World afaraad ayaa bilaabay" (2001). Qoraagu wuxuu u imanayaa inuu arrimaha neo-liberalism iyo adduunka. A dagaal dunida saddexaad, uu u maleeyo dagaalkii qaboobaa ee shuuciyad iyo hantiwadaagga, iyo waxa soo socda - ee u dhexeeya xarumaha dhaqaale oo weyn.

Subcomandante Marcos, kuwaas oo buugaag yihiin hab isu eg, kajan ah iyo jaceyl qoraal ah, sidaas waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isku dayeen in ay u guuraan xaalad daran oo uu ku sharaxay iska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid kasta shuqulladiisa ujeedo gaar ah, kaas oo Xaqiijiyay magaca buugga "Our eray - our hub" (2002), ururinta a of articles, gabayo, khudbado iyo warqado.

Subcomandante Marcos: xigashooyin

Mid ka mid ah koob oo ah maqaalo 1992 waa sida soo socota:

"Cutubka wuxuu sheegayaa sida dawladda ugu sarreeya waxaa ka walwalsan ah oo ku saabsan saboolnimada dadka wadaniga ah ee Chiapas, iyo waxa uu dhisay hotels, xabsiyada, xeryaha iyo garoonka diyaaradaha a military. Waxaa sidoo kale sheegayaa sida bahalka quutaan dhiiga dadka, sidoo kale shilal kale iyo dhacdooyin nasiib darro ... muggeed oo ka mid ah shirkadaha, mid ka mid ah taas oo ah gobolka dalka Mexico ee Chiapas ku meelaynayaa Xoolo oo dhan beddelkeeda tagay ay raad dilaaga ah iyo sunta. "

hoostana aad ka soo buugga "Dagaalkii Adduunka afaraad ayaa bilaabay":

"By dhamaadka Dagaalkii Qaboobaa, shuuciyad abuuray naxdin a military - Qarax neutron ah, hub disha nolosha inta ka tago dhismaha dhawrsan. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii afaraad ee World, si kastaba ha ahaatee, laga helay hub mucjiso cusub - Qarax dhaqaale. Taas bedelkeeda, hoos on Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki, waxaa kaliya ma baabi'iso magaalada, diraya dhimasho, naxdin iyo silica of kuwa ku nool iyaga oo ku, laakiin sidoo kale jirsado ay gool qayb kale oo xujo ah ee loo naaxiyo dhaqaalahooda. "