Subaga ee gacanta ku fuliyo hawlahan ee ... Guryaha ee subaga. Doorka subaga in gacanta

Oo ay la socdaan borotiinada, carbohydrates iyo acids nucleic muhiimad weyn oo dhan noolaha ayaa sidoo kale subaga. Ma xeryahooda organic hawlo noolaha muhiim ah. Sidaa darteed, badalkooda joogta ah jidhku waa lagama maarmaan u ah nolosha caadiga ah. Maxaad ay matalaan marka la eego chemistry iyo qaar ka mid ah subaga in gacanta ay gudanayaan hawlahooda, waxaan ka this article bartaan.

Subaga, fikradda guud

Haddii aad siin soocista guud xeryahooda ee su'aasha, waxa la odhan karaa in walax organic ah ee gacanta subaga - waa u taagoo xaydha-sida adag, taas oo ka mid ah in ay ka kooban qayb ka mid ah hydrophilic iyo hydrophobic.

Si fudud u gelin, oo dhan dufanka ee khudradda asal ahaan iyo xoolaha, oo iswayneeya, kolestaroolka, hormoonnada badan, terpenes - oo dhan subaga. xilli Just wakiil gabi ahaanna ee guryaha xeryahooda sida. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah - waa beelaya in biyo laakiin L. in nonpolar xiriir walxaha organic. Saliida leh marka la taabto.

Halabuurka ee subaga marka la eego chemistry halkii adag iyo ku xiran tahay waxa gaar ahaan xarunta su'aasha. Sidaa darteed, arrintan la tixgelin gooni ah.

kala soocidda

Qaybi oo dhan subaga in kooxda uu noqon karaa mid ku salaysan kala duwan. Mid ka mid ah kala soocidda ugu badan ee ku salaysan tahay awoodda ay u taagoo in hydrolysis. Sida laga soo xigtay sifo this kala saaro laba kooxood oo waaweyn oo dufan ah organic.

1. Saponifiable - kuwa la kulantay hydrolysis iyo cawisa galay qaybaha ay dastuurka. Tusaalayaal: iswayneeya, phospholipids, esters sterol, dufanka dhexdhexaad ah.
2. Unsaponifiable - kuwa aysan khuseyn hydrolysis. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid terpenes, sterols, vitamins xaydha-L (A, D, E, K), kolestaroolka, estradiol, testosterone, iyo kuwa kale.

Waxaa jira feature kale oo kala soocidda ee walxaha ku jira su'aal - tirada xubnaha qaybaha ka. Sidaas darteed, in la sii daayo,

• bicomponent ama fudud (dufanka dhirta oo iswayneeya);
• multicomponent, ama adag (phospholipids, glycolipids, iyo ornitinolipidy kale).

In subaga guud ee shaqo cell sida aad u muhiim ah, tan iyo markii ay yihiin ka qaybgalayaasha toos ah ama dadban ee dhammaan geedi socodka muhiim ah. Sidaa darteed, kala duwanaanta ay aad u sarreeya.

Halabuurka ee subaga

Laga soo bilaabo barta kiimikada ee view ee Britain sida walxaha ka kooban yahay laba qaybood oo waaweyn:

• qayb hydrophobic;
• hydrophilic.

Tan iyo subaga aad u badan, oo tusaale u ah labada qaybood badan. Waayo, fahamka Halabuurka kiimikada ah tusaalayaal la joogo xarunta.

Waa kuwee xeryahooda yihiin qaybaha hydrophobic ee u taagoo la egyahay?

1. acids dufan sare (IVH).
2. alcohols sare.
3. aldehydes sare.

taagoo Hydrophilic oo ka mid ah qaybaha soo socda:

• glycerol;
• diol amino,
• carbohydrates,
• acid phosphoric iyo sulfuric acid,
• alcohols amino,
• acids amino.

isu-gaynta kala duwan ee qaybaha in loo soo socota si ay midba midka kale la hadhay sabab u ah Madbacada qaranka, isdhexgalka covalent, soo jiidashada electrostatic iyo ciidamada lagala kulmo hydrogen, u sameeyaan oo dhan saliid leh, biyo xeryahooda beelaya kala cayncayn ah, si wadajir ah loo yaqaan subaga.

Qaab dhismeedka iyo guryaha

guryaha la egyahay waxaa lagu sharaxay by dhismeedka kiimikada ay. Sidaas darteed, haddii ka mid ah in Halabuurka ee roodhida sare acid carboxylic iyo glycerol, baruurtii muujiyaan doonaa sifooyinka acid iyo khamriga a trihydric. Haddii qayb ka mid ah aldehyde ah, ka dibna dareen ahaan doonaa kuwa caan group Keto ah.

Sidaa darteed, qaab-dhismeedka guryaha xiriirka iyo kiimikada ee Britain waa wax iska cad. oo keliya ayaa caadi ah in dhammaan noocyada sifooyinka baruurta - waa:

• milmi in benzene, hexane, chloroform iyo qase kale oo aan kala horjeeda;
• oiliness ama ku kaladuwan la taabto.

Diinta qafas

subaga kuwa qabtaan shaqo ah in nafaqo bedel ku soo galay jidhka, il tamar ah, waa dufanka dhexdhexaad ah. Sida laga soo xigtay soocidda ee maadooyinka waxa ay noqon doontaa isku dar ah ee triacylglycerols. The hydrophobic, biyo-beelaya, xeryahooda aan kala horjeeda waa formation of glycerol iyo saddex u taagoo of acids carboxylic sare.

Waa subaga waxyaalahan waxaa loo warshadeeyey ee unugyada noolaha. Waa maxay nooca Isbadal? Tani waxa hydrolysis ee falgalka gaar ah, loo yaqaan lipases. Sidaas darteed, complete dheefshiidka soo saaray Britain ah glycerol iyo dufanka leh acids. Waxay ka dibna dib-u-galaan dhiiga unugyada iyo sakhiray in processing dheeraad ah - ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee subaga ee gacanta ka mid ah qaab ka duwan.

Waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah acids dufan sare kuwaas oo muhiim u ah aadanaha, mid keliya ayaa unugyada aan loo sameeyay. Waxay kala yihiin:

• xeyr;
• linoleic,
• linolenic.

Si ay u ilaaliyaan heerarka la egyahay caadiga ah waa in ay cunaan cuntooyinka hodanka ku ah acids kuwan: hilib, kalluun, ukun, digaaga, cagaarka, nuts, farmaajo iyo sida, badarka.

Doorka subaga in gacanta

Waa maxay muhiimadda ay baruurta jirka ah? subaga ee gacanta ku fuliyo hawlahan ah:

• Istaag tamarta;
• oo dhisme ah;
• signal;
• ilaaliya.

Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa mid aad u muhiim ah si ay u ilaaliyaan nolosha caadiga ah ee qof kasta oo nool.

Of muhiimadda gaar ahaan waa kuwa acids roodhida la aasaasay, tan iyo markii ay yihiin lagama maarmaan. Waxay ku lug dhismaha u taagoo gaarka ah ee prostaglandins, taas oo iyana, waa nidaamiyo ee geedi socodka badan. Sidoo kale, waa sifooyinka subaga ee kooxdan u ogolaan takhalusi kolestaroolka iyo ka hortagga atherosclerosis.

Istaag-by-Power iyo shaqada dhismaha

Triacylglycerol ama baruurta dhexdhexaad ah - waa isha ugu tamarta ugu muhiimsan ee xubnaha gudaha badan (beerka, kalyaha, muruqa). Marka cholesterol of 1 garaam ee la egyahay sii daayay 9.3 Kcal kulaylka, taas oo si weyn u badan tahay in ee bololka ee carbohydrates iyo borotiin.

Sidaa darteed, waqtiga sooman waayo baruurta jidhka - waa il koboca iyo tamarta. Subaga in gacanta qabtaan hawlaha dhismaha, sida qeyb ka mid ah xuubka unug ka. Tani waxay u taagoo sida:

• glycolipids;
• phospholipids;
• kolestaroolka.

egyahay Kaasi waa phosphatidylcholine waa unit optional dhismaha unugyada beerka. Sidaa darteed, shaqo raad raac ah oo baruurta - waa kaydinta iyaga ka mid ah qaybo ka mid ah jidhka. Energy - qaybsama ah, haddii loo baahdo, la sii daayo ee tamarta. block A waa in ay ka subaga lagu dhisay qaybo ka mid ah unugyada iyo unugyada.

Digniin iyo ammaanka

Digayaan shaqada subaga waa in badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waa sidayaal ah calaamadaha muhiim ah ka cell iyo waxa gudihiisa. Kuwani waa dufanka, sida:

• phosphatidylinositol;
• eicosanoids;
• glycolipids.

Waxay ku xiran yihiin hoormoonada iyo in la siiyo si dhakhso ah kala iibsiga macluumaadka galay cell iyo soo baxay waxaa ka mid ah. Sidoo kale, dufanka bixiyaan sharciyeynta shaqooyin badan oo la fuliyaa by unugyada.

doorka ay ku nabadgeli karaan subaga waa in mass baruurta subcutaneous iyo bixisaa ningax kaamerada iyo ilaalinta farsamo ee xubnaha gudaha ka dhaawac. Ninka (haweenka) fiirsashada ugu weyn ee baruurta inta ay uurka leedahay - aagga caloosha. Kaas oo sidoo kale waa qalab loogu talagalay ilaalinta ilmaha caloosha ka dhanka ah kuuskuus, shilalka iyo saameynta kale.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, phospholipids ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah borotiinada kaakicin, iyo hormoonnada, ka shaqeeya xinjirowga dhiigga. Tan iyo habka this sidoo kale waa hay'ad qalab ammaanka ah, shaqo ee baruurta kiiskan waa isku mid.