St. Michael ee keniisad: description, taariikhda, design, frescoes iyo mosaics

St. Michael ee keniisad, Hooyga ugu da'da weyn quduuska ah ee Kiev, waxaa ka mid ah adag oo ah macbudka heer sare taagay magaca Mikaa'iil Michael, sokoeye iyo magaalada. Waxa intaa dheer in mudnaanta farshaxanka iyo naqshadda oo muuqda of katedraalka, ay peculiarity waa in uu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee Russia qubbad macbudka waxaa dahaarka leh kula dahab. Tani magaca si adag u keniisad oo dhan siiyey.

Cathedral, ka taagay meel by Prince Svyatopolk

Waxa ka dhigay in ay aaminsan yihiin in dhismaha keniisad ah ku xiran yahay magaca Metropolitan ee Kiev, Mikhail, a tiradaasi caan ah diinta ee qarnigii X. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhismaha cathedral dahabkii-domed caanka bilaabay kaliya qarni ka dib, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Prince Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha. La baabtiisay, oo uu ku tilmaamo Michael ah, iyo dhismaha kaniisadda calaamad u ahayd uu u jecel yahay kuwa is-hoosaysiiya wuxuu isaga siiyey sokoeye iyo jannada.

Taagay amiir u taqi ah, Cathedral lagu qabtay meel muhiim ah in nolosha muwaadiniinta iyo sidoo kale Kiev hoos bacdi oo jannada ka mid ah Arhangela Mihaila ahaa. Waxaa soo beegay St. Michael ee Golden-Domed keniisad, kala duwan ee oo uu ahaa xubin ka mid ah, ka qarnigii XII noqday meeshii aaska ee qoyska princely dadka. Waxa ay ahayd nooc ka mid ah marin karnoo, iyagoo muujinayay on tombstones ay muddo weyn ee taariikhda Kievan rus.

qubbad dahabka ee ugu horreysay ee Russia

In 1108 ay dhacdo weyn oo ka dhacay nolosha keniisad ah: caasimada Byzantine Constantinople lagu wareejiyay isaga u Mala'igtu ee St. Barbara, kaas oo noqday Asheeraah ugu weyn ee keniisad ah. Si aad muddada this cilmi u yeelaan iyo dhalashada cusub ee waqtiga dhaqanka naqshadda ee Xamar sharraxnaan jirtay. Church of St. Arhangela Mihaila ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee Russia, halkaas oo injineero ah ayaa dhaqan-abuurnimo this.

Duulaankii ee tataarka iyo awood Polish

Si dhab ah u saamaysay qaddar ee keniisad ah xilligii dagaaladii of duulay qalaad. iyaga ka mid ah, dhaawaca ugu weyn in guri keniisad oo uu keeno guutooyinkiisii ee tataarka guulaystay Kiev ee 1482. Oo waxay ku baabba'aan dhismayaasha badan oo keniisad ah oo wada baabbi'isay taxadiri aad u qaali ah rinjiyeynta Ruush Old iyo qoraalka.

Marka St. Michael ee keniisad, wada jir ah ula Kiev oo dhan, oo hoos timaad maamulka boqorradii reer Poland u dhacay, oo wuxuu lahaa oo axdiga siiyey xaq u leeyihiin inay doortaan abbots iyo bixisaa xornimada ka amar wacdina ah metropolitans iyo taliyaha aan loo aabo yeelin. Tani waxay keentay in ay horumarka, iyo, sida ay dokumentiyadii taariikhiga ahaa ee xilligii, in bartamihii qarnigii XVI ka, keniisad noqday xarunta ugu weyn oo ugu qanisan diinta ee Kiev.

dagaal Uniates

Marag ah dhacdooyin aad u waaweyn ee St. Michael ee keniisad bilaabeen qarnigii hore XVII, markii Boqorka Poland isaga ka siiyey meel hanti ah Uniate ah - wakiillo ka Church Catholic ee Giriigga, waxa uu isku dayayaa si ay u faafiyaan saamaynta ay ku nool gobollada koonfurta iyo koonfur-galbeed ee Russia.

inay isku daygeeda ay ku qabsadaan xaafadaha ay leeyihiin keniisad oo uu joojiyo in Cossacks ee hubka oo difaacday geedihii Asheeraah awowayaashood.

Dhiig daadiyaan ahaa daafacyada ma degnay aan micne lahayn. Thanks to keniisad geesinimada ay waxaa maamula Kaniisada Orthodox ka, iyo Abbot Job Boretsky ahaa salaan Metropolitan. Left in ay ku noolaadaan derbiyada keniisad gudahood, waxaa sidaas u kordhay xaalka, soo dhigay sanado badan deganaanshaha joogtada ah ee Metropolitan ah.

qarniyo Dhacdooyinka XVII-XVIII

Tallaabada xigta muhiim ah in nolosha keniisad waxay bilaabeen in 1654, marka waxaa jiray xiriir of Kiev iyo dhulal ku xiran gobolka Ruush. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Michael ee keniisad qayb ka mid ah xaafadaha ay dalka, kaas oo u noqday hantida Commonwealth lunsan, khasaaraha uu ahaa in ka badan magdhow la hetman iyo saraakiishii Cossack, suufiyadoodii oo hanti Unsubscribe qaybo badan, oo ku yaalla ka -bangiga bidix Ukraine. Laga bilaabo 1800 keniisad ah sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa joogitaanka reer Vicar Sheeko Kyiv ah.

Inta lagu jiro qarniyo XVII-XVIII adag oo dhan dhismayaasha uu maray habeyn weyn ee fashion ka mid ah wakhtigaas style Baroque ah. Sidaas darteed of shuqullada hore, ka badan kaniisadda pre-Mongol ka mid Cathedral oo ka mid ah Mikaa'iil Michael St. Michael ee keniisad. Laga soo bilaabo waxa ay ahaayeen oo kaliya meesha allabariga apse, Goosimo derbiyada iyo qubbad dhexe. fiiro gaar ah la siin jiray in mosaics qadiimiga ah iyo frescoes in qurxin derbiyada macbudka. Filan bartay by taariikhyahan tahay, waxay markii danbe lagu waayay oo dib loo soo celiyo.

Xasuusta taariikhda pre-kacaan of keniisad ah, in aan ku xuso waxaa leh keniisad dhisay meel u dhow Kiev, oo ku dhow yahay in uu convent eponymous, turjumay ee 1712 on daraftiisa. keniisad quduuska ah ayaa sidoo kale la aasaasay oo lagu sharfayo ee magaalada weli Sokeeye - Arhangela Mihaila.

burburinta Cathedral ee muddada Soviet

None of Tartars ah, mana ay ugu guulaysannaa shisheeye St. Michael ee keniisad aan khasaare hagaajin karin sida, labada muwaadiniinta u gaarka ah ku qoran jeer Soviet waalli Cilmaaniyadda. Marka caasimada Ukraine ayaa lagu dhaqaaqay ka Kharkov si Kiev, oo wuxuu qabsaday badan oo meel dhismaha dhismayaasha xafiiska, maamulka Jamhuuriga amartay in ay ku burburiyaan cathedral hore.

In kasta oo dhammaan isku dayaysa in ay badbaadin tahay ka burburinta taallo qadiimiga ah u gaar ah, ee 1934-1936, shaqada ay yeereyso fuliyay. Duwan iyo frescoes ee St. Michael ee cathedral Golden-Domed keniisad waxaa qayb ahaan la badbaadiyey. Waxay la xoojiyay ku salaysan cusub iyo meeleeyay Sophia St. Cathedral, oo ku yaalla xarunta of Kiev.

geedihii Asheeraah Orthodox, oo waxay noqdeen xabbadood museum

Si loo badbaadiyo kabarta ka humaag "Eucharist" lahaa in la dhiso gole bandhig gudaha derbiga St. Sophia Cathedral, dhab tarmo ah dulmari of apse meesha quduuska ah Michael Church. jajabkii kale ee duwan iyo frescoes ka mid ah ururinta ee matxafyada ee Moscow, Leningrad iyo Kiev.

Inta lagu jiro shaqo ee German oo ka mid ah duwan iyo frescoes qurxiyey St. Michael ee keniisad, waxay la geeyay Germany. dagaalka ka dib markii ay si dalka ku soo laabtay, laakiinse uma ay soo bangiyada ee Dnieper ah, iyo in uu uruuriyaa museum magaalooyinka kale. The Mala'igtu ee St. Barbara, qarniyo badan, waa Asheeraah ugu weyn ee keniisad ah, tan iyo bilowgii si demoqaraadiyad ah waxaa lagu aasay Cathedral Vladimir ee Kiev. image ayaa humaag ee St. Michael ee keniisad loo arki karaa in Moscow, Leningrad iyo Novgorod.

Waa in la sheego xaqiiqda aad u murugo badan. Qorshaha ayaa waxaa ay u dhisaan dhismaha maamul meeshii markii hore ahaa cathedral ugu weyn ee St. Michael ee keniisad, waxaa waligeed lama hirgelin. Burburinayo taallo ugu qiimaha badan ee naqshadda dhismaha macbudka qadiimiga ah, awood u tagay in ay meel cidla ah inta lagu jiro mudada Soviet tilmaamaya cawo wuxuushnimada ah ay taariikhda u gaar ah.

Asheeraah soo noolaaday

Dhisay in dhamaadkii sagaashankii by naqshadeeyaha ugu Yu Lissitzky, macbudkii waxaa la caleemo saaray May 30, 1999. Waxaa ku soo laabtay waxyaabaha badan ee decoration hore, dukaamada ilaa wakhtigaas ee matxafyada ee dalka iyo pediment qurxiyey nuqul ka mid ah farshaxan qadiimiga Arhangela Mihaila.

belfry The, leydin sida uu image qadiimiga, dhigay a qalab muusig casri - carillon ah. Iyada oo taageero ka fannaaniin xirfad qabtaan Halabuurka ruuxi ah oo adag.