Soviet tareenka rakaabka mainline WAA: taariikhda, astaamaha farsamo

1937 wuxuu ahaa durkin ah Paris sababtoo ah Expo adduunka waxaa ka dhacaya. "Raadi" (magaca kalgacal ee tareenka rakaabka "doisprezece Stalin") helay iyada Grand Prix. Waqtigaas waxa uu ahaa tareenka ugu awooda badan ee Yurub. Sida oo kale waxa uu ku hadhay ee taariikhda tareenka ee uumi Soviet.

Ka hor wakhtiga

Engine Steam ahaa version rakaabka ah ee Bir ah oo hore u jiray uumi xamuul "Felix Dzerzhinsky" laga sameeyay 1931 si ay u 1941 at dhirta tareenka Lugansk ah. Waxaa la abuuray sababta oo ah kor u kacay dhowr jeer mugga isbeddelkaas - in dalka uu ahaa warshadaynta. Engine Steam ahaa nooca 1-4-2. Maxay ka dhigan tahay? Waxa uu ahaa dariiq dhexaad ka wadista 4, Muller iyo 2 taageero jir ah adag. On IS20-241 model ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in Fair Adduunka ee. Opinion muuqday loo dhan yahay - tareenka this ka hor inta uusan mar.

Tareenka oo dhan-cusub

By bilowgii wax soo saarka ee mucjiso this of technology horey ayaa loo aasaasay in United States ay tareen awood gaadiidka rakaabka - "Mountain," "Hudson" iyo "Lokovanna". formula isla axial sida istaago, lahaa side xamuulka North American Berkchir. Laakiin waa aasaas kala duwan la eego qaar ka mid ah ka tareenka ee Soviet loogu talagalay culus boostada iyo rakaabka gaadiidka meelaha fog, dhaqaaqin xawaare gaabis ah oo ku saabsan kuwan raadkaygay culus sida "2a".

xaaladaha khasab ah

Engine Steam ma ka soo baxay meel. tareenka uumi Soviet bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan leh 20-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Marka la eego waayo-aragnimo u ururay ee Kolomna mashruuca warshadda tareenka "Mikado" la abuuray 1929. Laakiin mashruuca aan la fulin, iyo in 1931 bilaabay inuu abuuro tareenka ah oo awood badan. Mid ka mid ah shuruudaha ugu muhiimsan ee ahaa interchangeability ugu badan ee qaybaha la taxane uumi engine a "Felix Dzerzhinsky". Intaa waxaa dheer, Engine Steam ahaa in ay jar, 50% ka badan tahay in nooca Bir uumi SU, ama "kor loo Sormovo" ( "qallalan"), soo saaray 1924.

qorshayaasha dhaafay

Bishii Febraayo, sawir ah la siiyey Bureau Dhexe ee tareenka for design ka faahfaahsan, iyo April dhameystirtay xisaabinta. Ujeeddooyinka ayaa siyaadsadeen - samaynta ay u suurtagashay in ay u sameeyaan laysku beddelid karo la XPIEIV jira ma aha oo kaliya dhululubo, kuleeliyaha, dariiq dhexaad-sanduuq, oo ulahooda wareejiya, iyo qaybo kale, waxay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal in ay isticmaalaan nidaamka ka joojinta guga (nidaam lagu qabsado bodywork ah). Bishii Abriil, horumarinta dayrta ka warshad xafiisyada design tareenka ee Kolomna, kaas oo, iyadoo ka qaybgalka ganacsiga Izhora ee bilowga ah ee October 1932 soo saaray tareenka ugu horeysay.

In ka badan qaab cajiib ah

By dhamaadka December ee sanadkan, waxaa lagu soo shiriyey tareenka labaad. All 1933 model this la tijaabiyay saddex tareenka - South, Catherine iyo October. Awoodda celcelis ahaan, taas oo muujisay tareenka ka mid ah 2,500 HP, iyo mar on kaca ee 8% aagga "Moscow Bologoe" ay gaartay 3400 hp bartamaha waa ka badan laba jeer (qorsheeyay% oo kaliya 50) dhaafo awoodda "qalajiyo". The ugu weyn ee Europe ayaa lagu qasbo kuleyliyaha (80 kg / m ² • h), taas oo dhaafto xitaa rikoorka "FD" (65 kg / m ² • h).

Ku rid on durdur

At shirweynaha xisbiga ee soo socda, ee lagu qabtay 1934, waxa uu ahaa go'aan muhiim ah - taxane Engine Steam ( "doisprezece Stalin") ee soo socda, wuxuu ahaa qorshaha labaad shan sano waa in ay tareenka rakaabka weyn ee park ee dalka. Laakiin warshad Kolomna ma lahayn awood, aad kulanaa socodka mass of tareen noocan oo kale ah. By dhamaadka 1935 ay la sii daayay lix oo kaliya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dhisay warshad warshad mashiinka Voroshilov ee 1927-1931 ee cusub ay soo gudbiyaan laga yaabaa socodka la sii daayo tareen la dhululubada block oo afar gees loox.

Xataa si fiican, ka qurux

Waayo, mid keliya ee 1936 waxaa la sii daayay 3 tareenka. faahfaahin qaar ka mid ah marka la barbar dhigo Kolomna engine uumi ayaa soo hagaagtay, tusaale ahaan, mashiinada waxay leeyihiin mid curdan ah oo 6-dhexaad halkii 4-dhexaad, oo jirey lixdii hore. biyo tabar daranyahay noqotay qaab ammaan ah oo dheeraad ah elongated, oo hagaajinaysaa muuqaalka kore ee ku engine iyo tareenada oo dhan. Oo durba 1937 geedka gujinaya soo saarka oo baaxad weyn oo ah, soo saarta 105 tareen. Inta badan oo dhan, 174 gogo ', ayaa la sii daayay sanadkii 1940, ka hor dagaalka bilaabeen in 1941, ayaa 81 tareenka. engine uumi Last of taxanahan la dhammeystirey dhismaha Ulan-Ude ee 1942. Total tareen "doisprezece Stalin" ayaa la sii daayay 649 unug.

model tijaabo ah

In 1937, Engine Steam la abuuray sida tijaabo ah 20 16. model ayaa faired. Waxaad fiirisaa tareenka iyo raacsan dadka weydiin sababta, samaynta kuwaas mashiinada casri ah ka dib 1937, hadda dalka ka dib iibsan maayo mid ah dibadda? The more sidaas sababtoo ah xitaa in 1930, ee tunnel dabaysha ayaa lagu fuliyay baaritaan dhamaystiran of engine ee guryaha fududeeyey. Sidaas darteed, waxaa soo baxay waxaa lagu ogaaday in in ay xoogga foomka mahad aad ku guuleysan karto 200-250 hp, iyo kor u kacay xawaare. tareenka ee foomkan la giraangiraha disc waxaa dhici karta in ilaa 160 km / h, oo mar ahaa rikoor buuxda. Dusha, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u, aad u bilicsanaanta.

saanacyadii Soviet

qol waa dhammaadka tareenka uumi ah. qudhiisa wax qandaraas afar ah oo ku saabsan laba bogies. IC tareenka ayaa lagu qalabeeyey Westinghouse kala jejebiyey. Waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu daray in kuleyliyaha ahaa firebox ballaaran, taas oo kor jir ah oo lahaa-style American saqafka jeexdin iyo qolladdii sari. Fikirka farsamo mucjisooyin Soviet ahaa Engine Steam 20 16 kuwaas oo caddaymaha ahaayeen si kaamil ah oo aan u dhigmaan waddooyinka. Tareenka, hogaaminayo matoorada sida, gudbinayaa in times Soofiyeeti dhiibay warqaadayaal. caddaymaha faahfaahsan, ay jeclaysan karaan dadka xirfad leh, waa si ballaaran la heli karo.

xogta qaar ka mid ah

Mid ka mid ah la soco karaa oo kaliya in tareenka ee "doisprezece Stalin" wuxuu lahaa toddoba faasas. Kuwaas oo kala ah, afar ayaa keentay. XPIEIV ka engine ah, sida kor ku xusan, oo uu ku kala duwanaayeen formula wheel. Its mass waa loo siman yahay si ay 133 metrik, mass ugu xigay 88 m, xawaaraha celcelis ahaan - 100-115 km / h. tareen Kuwani waxaa ka shaqeeya la superheated uumi iyo talaabooyin fudud mashiinka laba-dhululubo ah.

Pride injineernimada - WAA tareenka - muujiyey in saddex stamps Soviet. A film Soviet caan sii daayay ka dib markii dagaalka ( "Tareenka ayaa la geeyo bari"), tareenka tani waa ifinaya.