Sodium phenate: Diyaarinta, Guryaha Chemical

Phenols - xeryahooda leedahay beduliyum hal ama in ka badan kooxaha hydroxyl lala atamka carbon benzenovogo xuduntii. Sida laga soo xigtay tirada kooxaha OH waa phenols hal, laba iyo trihydric Sharaf.

Monohydric phenols - taagayo of benzene iyo homologues ay xuduntii oo ka mid ah la eb hydrogen waxaa lagu bedelaa group hydroxyl ah.

Isomerism iyo isku waydaarsanayeen. In wakiilka ugu fudud ee phenols - acid carbolic (phenol) ma isomers, in homologs ay jiraan isomers booska ah kooxda hydroxyl ee muhiimka ah benzonovom (ortho, Meta, booska para).

Si phenols magaceeda la isticmaalo saddex waydaarsanayeen - taariikheed, buuxa iyo IUPAC. Waayo, phenols waydaarsanayeen taariikhiga ah waxaa loo yaqaan trivially - phenol (carbolic acid), cresols, iwm

ilo dabiiciga ah ee qalabkan waa daamur dhuxusha, saliid yaruna, Beech daamurka, iwm daamur Dhuxul la soo saaray intii lagu jiray dhuxusha muxaadaro qalalan. Ilaha soo saara phenols waa celceliska (karkaraya at 170-230 ° C) oo culus (karkaraya at C 230-270 °) saliid. Inta lagu guda jiro processing ee hydroxide sodium loo diyaariyey phenolate sodium. formula ee wax this ka kooban yahay hadhay ee phenol iyo sodium.

Under xaaladaha shaybaarka, sulphosalts inta badan leedahay beduliyum (sodium iyo potassium cusbada ee acids sulfonic) waxaa loo isticmaalaa si aad u hesho phenols. Inta lagu guda jiro falgalka kiimikada, sodium ama potassium phenolate ah. Ka dib markii in, xeryahooda, kuwaas oo lagu daaweeyo acids macdanta inaad siiso phenols free.

guryaha Chemical waa ay sabab u tahay jiritaanka kooxda phenol OH ee xuduntii benzelnom. Waxyaabahani waxay geli kari reactions kuwaas oo caan ku alcohols (formation of esters, phenolates, halogenated) iyo arenes (bedelka of atamka hydrogen on a halogens benzenovom asaasiga ah, koox Nitro, sulfo group). Sidaa darteed, wakiilada, kuwaas oo diyaar fal la Biraha ah si ay u sameeyaan phenolate sodium ah. Waa xaaladahan waxaa muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka gaar elektarooniga ah ee u taagoo of alcohols iyo phenols.

phenoxide sodium (ama phenoxide) waxaa la aasaasay by ficil phenols la alkalis. The guryaha acidic of phenols yar waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa. Waxyaabahani aan la wasakheeyey warqad adag. phenolate sodium duwan alkoxides jiri karaan xal xumadoodu aqueous, halka aysan u cawisa. Phenates waxaa diyaar giirte by reaction la acids (xitaa ugu liita, tus, dhuxul).

Laakiinse guryaha acidic of phenols badan yihiin fahmayaan badan ee alcohols aliphatic. Hordhac galay Britain ee phenol substituents ku electron-noqoshada (Nitro, halogeen, koox sulfo ah, koox aldehyde ah oo la mid ah) kordhiyaa dhaqdhaqaaqa gidroksogrupp hydrogen ah, si guryaha acidic xoojinayso.

Joogitaanka phenols saamayn mesomeric wanaagsan wuxuu ka dhigaa inay guryaha nucleophilic, kuwaas oo ka yar fahmayaan marka la barbardhigo alcohols. hantida waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro esters, laakiin aan ka qayb reactions waxay isku phenols iyo phenolates iyo Consort halogenated.

formation Ester dhacdaa by ficil phenols la chlorides ama anhydrides ee acids carboxylic. Sida formation of esters, falcelinta waa u fududahay in ay ku talaabsato potassium sodium ama phenates.

Marka tallaabada of halogens sameeyay phenols taagayo halogeen. bromination ee phenols loo isticmaalay falanqaynta dawooyinka: 2,46-tribromophenol waa liidata L. biyo iyo precipitates soo baxay, kaas oo u ogolaanaya sheegay reaction si loo ogaado phenols ee xal.

nitration ee phenol. tallaabada in phenol 20% a acid nitric , isku dar ah o-iyo p-nitrophenols kuwaas oo kala by muxaadaro la uumi (o-nitrophenol ahaa arimaha debeda off, iyo p-nitrophenol weli in xal).