Shaqo shaqo electron: tagii adag

In dhaqanka, xataa ah injineer halkii aan la taaban karin jirka fikradaha qasac waxaa aad muhiim u ah. Tusaale ahaan, ka electron shaqada shaqada a bir - a Heerka qiimaha ee sameeysa korantada nidaamka. Dabcan, khabiir u baahan doontaa aqoonta qoto dheer, taas oo ku xidhan qalabka oo si ay u shaqeeyaan. Qiimaha Tani waa bir ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin wax kasta oo adag, oo ay ku jiraan semiconductors. Haddii aan ka fiirsan labo ka mid ah laba semiconductors isticmaalo caadi ahaan Anderson. Laakiin haddii waxyaabaha la sheegay waxaa ku biiray in biraha, waxaa waxtar leh guud ahaan Schottky-Mott. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xisaabaha uu noqon doono aan sax ahayn, iyo doorka ugu weyn ee this ciyaari xasilinta ee heerka tamarta ah Fermi ah.

qeexid

In physics adke, function shaqada - tani saamayn thermodynamic ugu yar (sidoo kale waa tamarta) looga baahan yahay inay soo jiid electron ka adag oo waxa la dhigayaa in dhibic ka mid ah ay dusha. Dhamaan xisaabaha guud waxaa la sameeyey on male ah in jirka - vacuum ah. Waxay ku taalaa meel fog ku filan gelin qiyaasta cabbirka oo ka mid ah la eb, laakiin dhow ku filan in ay hoos u saamayn of koronto field in a vacuum. function shaqada - tani ma aha sifo ah oo ka kooban wax ka, laakiin halkii tayada ay dusha. Waxay ku xiran yahay ku dhegyadii of wajiga crystal iyo heerka faddarada.

formula The teori

function Shuqulku waa tiro ahaan siman yihiin in ay wadarta labada tamartaa. Marka hore, lacagta loo baahan yahay in meesha laga saaro electron ah nidaamka la eb. Marka labaad, cadadka tamarta la doonayo in meel electron ah in la eb yahay dusha sare ee adag ee.

Digniin!

Qaar ka mid ah ifafaale jirka waa mid aad u xasaasi u ah qiimaha tirsi ah tilmaame "function shaqada" ee. formula in, sida kor ku wada hadleen, waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhismaha daydo teori fududeeyey, aan ka. In tijaabo ah, qiyamka index tani waxay noqon kartaa arrin ka duwan xisaabaha formula helay oo aan waayo-aragnimo ah. Haddii dusha sare ma aha siman, ma dhqaalaha, in la xisaabiyo qiimaha saxda ah ee iyaga u gaar ah, si aad u hesho xogta taaban karo, waxa uu noqonayaa mid aysan suuragal ahayn.

Hababka Cabbiraad group

shaqo shaqo electron waxaa loo xisaabiyaa by dhowr hab oo ku saleysan ifafaale jirka gebi ahaanba kala duwan. Total kala saaro laba kooxood oo ka mid ah hababka tijaabo ah. Absolute isticmaalaya warshadu hawada electron ka muunad, xanaajiyeen photoemission, beerta tunneling-heerkulka sare ama sii daayo electrons. Hababka Qaraabo codsan xiriir farqiga u dhexeeya iman kara saamiga baaritaanka iyo koronto tixraaca.

Waa arrin ay adag tahay in la saadaaliyo baaxadda shaqada shaqada usii sare oo aan daraasad tijaabo ah. Laakiin waxaa jira isbedelka gaar ah oo culumadu helay sannadihii la soo dhaafay this ifafaale. Had iyo jeer in ka yar qiimaha for Biraha la furan daaqaddii. Waayo, wejiyadooduna doqon Quruurado ah uu ka badan yahay, waayo, badhaadhaha. Sharax ifafaale kuwanu waa arrin cad. In ka qaylisay oo furan electron taagta daran, oo xagal ba'an of saamayn dibadda on eb waxaa fududaatay.