Guryaha Chemical saldhigga

Saldhigyada yihiin xeryahooda adag oo ka kooban laba qaybood ugu weyn ee dhismaha:

1. Gidroksogrupp (hal ama in ka badan). Sidaa awgeed, jidka, iyo magaca labaad ee walxahan waxay by - "hydroxides".
2. eb bir ama ra'iyi ammonium ah (NH4 +).

saldhigyadii Title waxuu ka yimid isku labada magacyada qaybaha: tus, hydroxide calcium, hydroxide cupric, hydroxide lacag ah, iwm ...

marka laga reebo kaliya ee formation saldhigga xeerka guud waa in la tixgeliyaa hydroxide ammonium, marka gidroksogrupp aan ku soo biiray in ay biraha iyo waxbarashada ammonium ah (NH4 +). walax waxaa soo saaray in kiiska halkaas oo ay jiraan kala diridda biyaha ee ammonia.

Haddii aan ka hadlo guryaha saldhigyadii, waa in la ogaadaa si deg deg ah in valence gidroksogrupp loo siman yahay si midnimo, siday u kala horreeyaan, tirada ka mid ah kooxaha in Britain ay ku xirnaan doontaa waxa valence hantidaan Biraha Waxyeelo. Tusaale ahaan haddii ay taasi shaqayn karo walxaha formula sida NaOH, Al (OH) 3, Ca (OH) 2.

Haddii aan ka hadlo guryaha jirka ah ee dhulka, waxaa xusid mudan in dhammaan iyaga ka mid ah oo aan marka laga reebo - adkaha yihiin midabada ugu kala duwan. Mararka ay dhacdo in gidroksogrupp xiran Biraha monovalent, sida caadiga ah la sameeyey oo saldhig dhaba L. biyo, in kiisaska kale oo dhan falcelinta keentay saldhig biyo ficil beelaya. Kuwa dhaba L. biyo, waxaa loo yaqaan alkalis. Waxay kiimikaad yihiin waxyaabaha khatarta gubashada ee maqaarka iyo xub-axaleedka. Ka sokow Biraha monovalent, alkali iyo foomka wax-u Biraha xumadoodu-dhulka - tusaale ahaan, sida barium, strontium.

guryaha Chemical saldhig beelaya been xaqiiqda ah in xeryahooda kuwanu waa mid aasaasi ah ama hydroxides amphoteric. Ugu danbeysay ee iyaga sameynayso la acids u dhaqmaan sida alkali, iyo qeybsanaan, lalana calaamooyin alkalis, acids bandhig. Guryaha saldhig beelaya hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in iftiinka iyo warshadaha culus.

saldhigyadii guryaha Chemical muujiyey dareen diidmo oo ay la acids, cusbada, saldhigyada kale, iyo sidoo kale tilmaamayaasha in ay tallaabo. Gaar ahaan, alkali ah go'aan ka gaari kara haddii ay xal u shaqeeyaan tilmaame gaar ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa la dareemi beddeli doonaa midab ah, waayo, tusaale ahaan, imtixaan adag ah ee cad jirsado buluug, iyo phenolphthalein - miro guduud.

guryaha Chemical saldhigyadii muuqday in ay is dhexgalka acids, waxay keeni kartaa falcelin dhexdhexaadnimada si fiican u yaqaan. Nuxurka cadaanyo noocan oo kale ah in atamka biraha ku biiro hadhay acid sameeyaan cusbo ah, iyo gidroksogrupp iyo ra'iyi hydrogen, marka la isku daro, waxaa beddelay biyaha. reaction dhexdhexaadnimada The, reaction tani waxaa la yiraahdaa, sababtoo ah ka dib waxa uu leeyahay mana xumadoodu acid toona.

kiimikaad sifo muujiyey saldhigyadii iyo dareen-celin la cusbada ku. Waa in la ogaadaa in cusbada L wajigooda ayaa iman alkali kaliya. Muuqaaladan dhismaha of walxahan waxay keeni in cusbo cusub, cusub, sida caadiga ah beelaya, salka ku dareen.

Ugu dambeyntii, guryaha kiimikada ah dhulka si qurux badan isu mariyo inta lagu guda jiro saamaynta kulka iyaga on - kululaynta. Halkan, fulinta tijaabo gaar ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay ku haay maanka in ku dhowaad dhammaan saldhigyada, marka laga reebo alkali, dhaqanto marka kululeeyo mid aad u kacsan. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid dhow isla markiiba decomposes galay xabagta u dhigma iyo biyo. Haddii aan soo qaadanno saldhig Biraha ah sida lacagta iyo Meerkuridu ah, in xaaladaha caadiga ah ay ma laga heli karaa, sida hore u bilaabaan si ay u cawisa heerkulka qolka.