Sifayn Historical ee fananka la daawado, tilmaanta, wakiilada

Italy, ku dhashay ee ku sifayn taariikhiga ah ee farshaxanka, haystay oo dhan shuruudaha ee ah ee noocan ah ranjiyeynta. Roman Empire wuxuu lahaa heer aad u sarreeya oo horumarinta dhaqanka, iyo guulaha ay waxaa aasaas u ah farshaxan oo dhan dalalka of Western Europe ah. La yaab ma laha in Italy inta lagu guda jiro Renaissance ah, qarnigii XV ah, waxaa jiray ku sifayn taariikhi ah ee farshaxanka.

Taariikh kooban

In la fahmo waxa ku sifayn taariikhiga ah ee farshaxanka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo muuqaalada muddada hoos u eegid. Renaissance waqti - taasi waa talinaysay fikradaha dadka bini'aadamnimada in ka dhigay walaac ma aha oo kaliya qofka laakiin sidoo kale in taariikhda rayidka ah iyo siyaasadda.

The dhacdooyinka ee la soo dhaafay geesinimada ah ee dalka iyo lahaayeen si ay u muujiyaan nooca taariikhiga ah ee farshaxanka. Tusaale ahaan waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: farshaxankiisa Andrea Mantenya, "liibaan Kaysar" (1485-1492), noocyo kala duwan oo dhar Paolo Uccello, u hibeeyeen ilaa ay ka Battle of San Romano iyo kuwa kale. Guulaha Renaissance ee Italy, si deg deg ah ku faafi Europe, halkaas ku sifayn taariikhiga ah ee farshaxanka, oo waxay bilaabeen in ay horumar dhan.

fanaaniinta Yurub ka mid ah rinjiyeynta taariikhiga qarniyo XVII-XVIII

dhacdooyinka ee la soo dhaafay ayaa soo jiitay farshaxan iyo dalalka reer galbeedka Yurub. Horumarinta ee habkani loo saarin karaa in qarnigii XVII ah - talinaysay ee classicism iyo baroque. Waa in la ogaadaa in ee dhaqanka iyo farshaxanka si ay safka hore u soo baxay si sax ah ku sifayn taariikhiga ah. All noocyo kale ee fanka ganaax muddo ah si ay isaga u siiyaan meel of muhiimadda maxaa yeelay classicism loogu tala galay in la abuuro in meesha ugu horeysa ee images geesinimada iyo farshaxanka taariikhi.

In style this, theme taariikhiga ah, shaqeeyeen Peter Paul Rubens (rinjiyeynta ah "The Battle of Amazons ah", 1619-1620 GG.), Nikola Pussen ( "Kufsiga ah ee Haweenka Sabine ah", 1614-1615 GG.), Jacques-Louis David, oo qoray labadaba qadiimiga ah iyo theme casriga ah. shuqullada Kuwan waxaa lagu gartaa ruuxa pathos, keenayo geesinimada, wejiga Quraanku falna sanyahay dhaqdhaqaajinta jirka. In ka kooban dhar ay u ekaan tallaabada of gogo 'oo qaraami ah oo kasoo muuqday bombast a masrixiyada. Si jihada this ka mid ah farshaxankiisa, qoraal ku sugan Injiillada. Tusaale ahaan, Harmensz Van Reyn Rembrandt abuuray rinjiyeynta ah "The Return of Wiilkii Khaasaarinta ah" (1669).

rinjiyeynta Historical ee Europe ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii XIX ah

Classicism iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan baroque siiyey si ay hadda dhaqan cusub - nasjonalromantiske. Wakiilada ee habkani ka fasiraadda geesinimada ah ee la soo dhaafay ka fog, oo diiradda saaraya qayb ka dareen. fannaaniinta ku xusan si ay u abuuraan sawirka sida si cilmiyaysan naxariis iyo damqasho ka dhagaystayaasha. rinjiyeynta ku sifayn Historical ahaa design a gebi ahaanba ka duwan, sida foodda ku theme ee dareenkooda iyo dareenka aadanaha. Tusaale ahaan, Ezhena Delakrua rinjiyaynta "Xasuuqa at Khiyos" qoran 1826. yabban Historical waxaa laga heli karaa, oo shuqullada kale oo caan ah artist Faransiis Onore wadini: rinjiyaynta "dhirifka" (1848).

muddo rinjiyeynta Western Yurub taariikhi ah ka taataabtay

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah, nooca taariikhiga ah ee farshaxanka muuqaalka ah ayaa isbedelo la taaban karo. Tan waxa u sabab ah ee jihada cusub - xaqiiqo ah. wakiilkiisa ayaa waxay dooneen si ay u abuuraan a images more lifelike iyo sawirrada. Isbeddelkani waxa loo saarin karaa shaqada of Adolf von Menzel, kuwaas oo abuuray 1850 taxane ah oo farshaxankiisa u huray in xilligii Fridriha Velikogo. Interest ee taariikhda Zaman this waxaa inta badan lagu sharaxay by kacdoonkii badan oo ku koryeelay Europe waqtiga. Exprees of-goosato ah ka qarxay Italy, France iyo Germany. Sidaa darteed, saynisyahano, fannaaniinta, qorayaasha doondoonay jawaabaha la joogo ee la soo dhaafay, oo kani kuu sharraxaayo ah ee xaqiiqo dhaqanka.

ah ee rinjiyeynta ku sifayn taariikhiga Ruush

Interesting si ay u falanqeeyaan iyo taariikhda qaranka ee farshaxanka. Asal ahaan, noocyada iyo noocyo in Russia - waa mawduuc for Sheeko kale, maxaa yeelay, dhaqanka waa mid aad u badan laga soo amaahday tahay Yurub. Xilligii classicism in dalkiisa ugu badan taariikhda dib ugu qarnigii XVIII ka, waqtigan mid ah fanaaniinta gudaha u dhacdooyinka ee la soo dhaafay in shuqulladoodii ugu soo jeestay.

Aasaasihii of nooca taariikhiga ah ee farshaxanka Ruush - Anton Pavlovich Losenko. Waxa uu ku qoray farshaxanka caanka ka ee la soo dhaafay ee Baydka rus ( "Vladimir iyo Rogneda", 1770) iyo farshaxankiisa u huray in mawduucyada classical. isaga raacaa ahaayeen Ivan Akimov, sidoo kale tilmaantay dhacdooyinkii of Kievan rus ah, Peter Sokolov, iyagoo muujinayay in images mythological, Gregory Ugriumov, tixraac taariikhda qarnigii XIII ah. hawlahaas, iyo sidoo kale farshaxanka Yurub ee qaabka classical, images quruxsan kala duwan iyo sawirrada.

mawduucyada Historical farshaxanka Ruush sannadaha 1800-1850

sawirada rinjiyeynta Suugaan ee farshaxanka muuqaalka ahaayeen kuwo aad u kala duwan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay horumarinta tacliinta, qeybtii hore ee qarnigii maadooyinka taariikhiga qabsadeen arrimuhu adag dhaqanka iyo farshaxanka. The fanaaniinta ee habkani inta badan sii dhaqanka ee classicism, doorashada shay for shaqada uu xaqiiqooyinka geesinimada ah ee la soo dhaafay. sifayn Historical ee farshaxanka, rinjiyeynta waa kala duwanaayeen gaar ah dhegeysiga, waxa ay ku riyaaqay caan ugu weynaa intelligentsia ah, oo ka mid ah dadweynaha mass.

Si jihada this ka mid ah shuqulladii Antona Ivanova "feat ee dhallinyarada ka soo Kiev intii lagu jiray go'doominta of Kiev Pechenegs in 968" (1810), Alekseya Egorova "naso on Flight Masar ku dhaadheceen" (1830). Isla mar ahaantaana, a cusub jihada - nasjonalromantiske, kuwaas oo xubnaha la abuuro cad ah, images dareenka, xiisad nafsi ah u daran. Tusaale ahaan, Karl Pavlovich Bryullov, kuwaas oo abuuray rinjiyeynta caanka ku saabsan dhimashada lana kulmay, Fodor Antonovich Bruni oo Aleksandr Andreevich Ivanov, kuwaas oo ku qoray sheekooyin Bible.

mawduucyada Historical shuqulkii oo ka mid ah qorayaasha quarter-qarnigii la soo dhaafay

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah, fanaaniinta bilaabay inuu rinjiga Muuqaallo taariikhda Ruush. In tahay, waxaa jira taxane ah oo farshaxankiisa ka go'an in dhacdooyinka qaar ka mid ah la soo dhaafay ee dalkeenna. sifayn Historical ee farshaxanka muuqaalka wakiil ka ah farshaxankiisa soo socda: farshaxankiisa ili Repina "Princess Sophia in Novodevichy Convent" (1879) iyo "Ivan Grozny dila wiilkiisa" (1884), shuqullada Vasily Surikov, hagaajiyaa dhacdooyinka ugu riwaayado taariikhda Russia qarnigii XVIII. shuqullada Kuwan waxaa kala duwanaayeen images sida midabo iyo dhegeysiga iyo deegaanka asalka.

nooca The taariikhiga ah ee farshaxanka

fanaaniinta Local bilaabay inuu codsan ma aha oo kaliya in ay dhacdooyinka siyaasadeed, laakiin sidoo kale in image nolosha maalin kasta oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush. Sidaa darteed, caan rinjiyeynta ka qaaday wax-u reerka ku sifayn taariikhiga ah. farshaxanka Fine ee habkani ayaa helay taageero fara badan dhexdooda dadweynaha bartay ee wakhtigaas.

Tusaale ahaan waa shuqulkii oo ka mid ah qorayaasha soo socda: Vyacheslava Shvartsa, abuuray sawir ku saabsan ugaarsi reer boqor, Konstantin Makovsky, kuwaas oo ku qoray oo ku saabsan sawirka Muscovy qarnigii XVII ah. maadooyinka qoyska Historical qaaday muhiimadda ugu weyn ee shaqada oo ka mid ah wakiilo ka socda ururka "World of Art". Gaar ahaan farshaxankiisa ay ku cayaarayeen isqurxin iyo iid, laakiin la xiriiri ah murugo (Albert Benoit muujinayay in soo saarka wayn ee boqorada Ruush iyo empresses qarnigii XVIII ka, Evgeniy Lansere, iyagoo muujinayay in ku hareeraysan raaxo maxkamadda, Valentin Serov, sawiri boqorka ee Miyeyydaan wax).

rinjiyeynta ku sifayn taariikhiga ah ee wakhtiyada Soviet oo casri ah

In times Soofiyeeti, fanaaniinta ayaa inta badan u jeestay inaan dhacdooyinkii Russia ee la soo dhaafay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku soo noolaaday xeerkii tahay waxbarasho ee qarnigii XIX ah, iyagoo muujinayay in goobaha geesinimada taariikhda Ruush. Tusaale ahaan, artist ka V. E. Popkov waxaa loo arkaa aasaasihii oo ka mid ah "style daran" farshaxanka Soviet (rinjiyeynta, embodying dhismaha dhirta hydropower). Of muhiimadda gaarka ah ee uu shaqada waa theme of War Great Patriotic ( "carmallada Mezen", 1965-1968.). qalinka A TE Nazarenko ka tirsan hawlgalka, kuwaas oo loo arki karaa dhibcood ka leexdo: kacdoonkii Pugachev, Decembrists.

fanaaniinta casriga ah ayaa soo bandhigeysa xiisaha weyn ee taariikhda Russia. I. S. Glazunov noqday caan ku abuuraya ah canvases taariikhi heegan u ah fahamka ee la soo dhaafay ee dalka: "! Russia, toos" sheyga, calaamad muujinaysa qaddar ee qoraaga, (1994) iyo kuwo kale.

Sidaas daraaddeed, danbaysay, waxaan dhihi karaa in mawduucyada taariikhiga qabsadeen meel aad u caan ah fanka Yurub, iyo sidoo kale in rinjiyeynta Ruush. Runtoodu, iyo sax, riwaayadaha iyo iid mar walba ku sifayn taariikhi ah. All noocyo of art wanaagsan gaadhsiin muujinta, laakiin style this waa hogaamiye.