Shuttle Space "tartame" (Sawir). Slaam Masiibo "tartame"

Space - meel godadka halkaas oo heerkulka waa in -270 ° C. In jawi dagaal badan oo caynkaas ah, dadka aan ku noolaan karaa, sidaas darteed cir waxaa had iyo jeer halis noloshooda, guuxa galay madowga aan la aqoon ee caalamka. In geeddi-socodka waxbarashada Cosmos waxaa ka joogay masiibooyinka badan oo sheegatay daraasiin noloshooda. Mid ka mid ah Dhacdooyinka naxdinta leh sida taariikhda astronautics ahaa dhimashada Slaam bannaan ee "tartame", taas oo keentay in dhammaan xubnaha shaqaalaha markabka ayaa la dilay.

Si kooban oo ku saabsan markabka

In 1967, Maraykanka NASA bilaabay barnaamij miljaardeed "Space Gaadiidka System". ay qaab gudahood, 1971 markii la bilaabay dhismaha pride isticmaali karo - oo iska daba-Space (English Space Shuttle, taas oo macno ahaan tarjumayaa "Slaam bannaan"). Waxaa la qorsheeyey in shuttles kuwanu waa sida shuttles ordi dhexeeya Earth iyo kastana falagiisuu dhex ahaa, anigoo si height ah 500 km. Waxay ay ahayd in ay noqon waxtar u leh bixinta payloads in saldhigyada orbital, oofin rakibaadda iyo dhismaha shuqullada lagama maarmaan ah, cilmi baaris.

Mid ka mid ah maraakiibta, kuwaas oo ahaa Slaam bannaan "tartame" - oo iska daba-bannaan labaad dhisay on barnaamijkan. In July 1982, uu wareejiyay NASA ee howlgalka.

Its magiciisa la odhan jiray oo lagu sharfayo markab seagoing ah, kuwaas oo qaatay Badda ee 1870s ah. tixraacyo ku qoran sida NASA OV-99 hay'adaha.

History of duulimaad

Bishii Abriil 1983 Slaam ugu horeeyay ee meel bannaan "tartame" ayaa soo sara kacay sanadkii si ay u bilaabaan satellite translational. Bishii June ee isla sannadkaas, waxaan mar kale bilaabay loo gaarsiiyo in-falagiisuu dhex laba Satellite isgaarsiinta iyo qabashada tijaabo dawooyinka. Mid ka mid ah shaqaalihii markabka ayaa ahaa haweeneydii ugu horeysay ee American ee meel Sally Ride Kristen.

August 1983 - furitaanka Slaam saddexaad iyo habeenkii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda barnaamijka meel American. Sidaas darteed, soo satellite isgaarsiinta kastana falagiisuu dhex Insat-1B iyo manipulator Canadian tijaabiyey "Canadarm" ayaa la bilaabay. duration Mission ahaa 6 maalmood yar oo.

Bishii Febraayo 1984, Slaam ah "tartame" ayuu kor ugu baxay mar kale meel, laakiin howlgalka ka saaridda of laba Satellite badan falagiisuu ayaa ku guuldareystay.

Fifth bilaabi bishii April 1984. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda dunida, satalayt dayactir in meel bannaan oo la sameeyay. Bishii Oktoobar 1984, waxaa jiray olole caalami ah oo lixaad, taas oo astaan u joogaan on board pride labada cir dhaddig. Inta lagu guda jiro duulimaad this kuweyn la sameeyey ugu horeysay ee taariikhda meesha bannaan ee American soo baxay naag meel - Ketrin Sallivan.

duulimaadka toddobaad ee April 1985, siddeed in July iyo duulimaadka sagaalaad ee October ee sannadkan, ayaa sidoo kale lagu guuleystey. Waxay ka mideysan yihiin by gool caadi ah - in ay sameeyaan cilmi-baaris shaybaar bannaan.

Daah-tobnaad January 28, 1986 ahaa ee Slaam iyo shaqaalaha dilaa.

Guud ahaan in account ee "tartame" 9 ergooyinka guul, 69 maalmood ayuu ku qaatay meel, 987 kaliya ka dhigay kacaanka dhamaystiran ee daafaha adduunka buluug ah, oo ay "orod" - 41,5 million kiiloomitir.

Slaam Masiibo "tartame"

musiibadii ka dhacay meel u dhow xeebta Florida, 28.01.1986 ee 11 saac 39 daqiiqo. Wakhtigan, in ka badan Badweynta Atlaantik qarxay Slaam "tartame." Waxa uu burburay 73 ilbiriqsi ee horyaalka ka dib markii at sare ah 14 km oo dhulka ku kor ku xusan. Dilkii dhan toddoba shaqaale ah.

Bilawga xaq dhagixiina way giraanta suunka adag ayaa burburay. From dhinacan gubay furitaanka xawaaraha ka Kan webigu ku jet qaaday off dhinaca sare ee taangiga shidaalka ee. jet ayaa halaagnay haysta dabada iyo qaab-dhismeedka dhalista ee taangiga. Markab wareejiyay xubno in jebin ku riixdaan dhabanada iyo iska caabin ah hawada. pride The ka dhumay ee dhidibka diyaarad loogu tala galay, natiijada ayaa la burburiyey sarkhaansan xamuulka aerodynamic.

Shuttle Space "tartame" lama qalabaysan nidaam daadgureeyo, si fursada badbaadada shaqaalaha ma ahaa. Laakiin xitaa haddii nidaamka noocan oo kale ah, cir u dhaceen lahaa badda xawaare ka badan 300 km / h. saameynta xoogga biyaha noqon lahaa sida in weli aan ninna ayaa ka badbaaday lahaa.

shaqaale la soo dhaafay

Inta lagu jiro bilowga 10aad ee Slaam "tartame" saarnaayeen toddobo qof:

• Frensis Richard "Dick" Scobee - 46 sano, Taliyaha markabka. pilot ciidamada Maraykanka ee ku darajo wayn ee Lieutenant Colonel, NASA cir. Waxa uu ka tagay xaas, gabadh iyo wiil. Waxa uu Ottawa degenaa gudoonsiiyay Bilad "Space Flight".
• Michael Dzhon Smit - 40 sano, co-pilot. pilot Test darajooyin kabtanka, cir NASA. Waxa uu ka tagay xaas iyo saddex carruur ah. Waxa uu Ottawa degenaa gudoonsiiyay Bilad "Space Flight".
• Ellison Shoji Onizuka - 39 sano, ku takhasusay cilmi-baadhis ah. cir American NASA ka soo jeeda dalka Japan, pilot imtixaanka ee ku darajo wayn ee Colonel ah. Darjada, kii ayaa loo darajo ee kornayl.
• Judith Arlene Resnik - 36 sano, ku takhasusay cilmi-baadhis ah. Mid ka mid ah injineerada fiican iyo cir NASA. Aviator Professional.
• Ronald McNair - 35 sano, ku takhasusay cilmi-baadhis ah. Jirka, cir NASA. On Earth, ayuu isaga, xaaskiisa iyo laba carruur ah ka tagay. Bilada uu Ottawa abaal "Space Flight".
• Gregory Jarvis - 41 sano, ku takhasusay payload. Injineer. US Ciidamada Cirka Captain. Tan iyo 1984, cir NASA. Gole xaaskiisa iyo saddex carruur ah ka tagay. Bilada uu Ottawa abaal "Space Flight".
• Sharon Christa Corrigan McAuliffe - 37 sano, ku takhasusay payload. Civic. Waxa uu Ottawa degenaa gudoonsiiyay biladaha ee Space - abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee Maraykanka u cir.

About xubin la soo dhaafay markabka Christa McAuliffe waa in yar oo dheeraad ah ku odhan. Sida qof rayid ah ka heli karto in ay iska daba-bannaan ee "tartame"? Waxa ay u muuqataa cajiib ah.

Krista Makoliff

Waxay ku dhalatay on 02/09/1948 in Boston, Massachusetts. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey sidii macallinka Ingiriisi, taariikhda iyo biology. Waxa uu guursaday oo wuxuu lahaa laba carruur ah.

Her nolosha on tegey sidii caadiga ahayd oo wuxuu qiyaasay ilaa tartanka ku dhawaaqay "Macallimow in Space" ee dalka Mareykanka sannadkii 1984. Aragtidiisu waxay ahayd in la caddeeyo in dad kasta oo dhallinyaro ah oo caafimaad qaba ka dib markii diyaarinta ku filan si guul leh u soo duuli karaan boos oo ku soo celi dhulka. Waxaa ka mid ah 11 kun oo arjiyada la soo gudbiyey iyo codsiga ahaa Christa - xiiso leh, macallin Salel iyo firfircoon ka Boston.

Waxay tartanka ku guuleysatay. Marka Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka George. W. Bush (Senior) at xaflad ka dhacday Aqalka Cad waxay iyadii siisay guusha ee tikidhada, ayay oohin jabsaday farxad. Waxay ahayd tigidh hal hab.

Ka dib markii a ku takhasusay tababarka saddex bilood aqoonsan Christa uu diyaar u yahay inuu u duulo. Waxay waxaa la baray in ay ka saarto maadooyinka cilmiga iyo guddiga Slaam meel ay u qaataan a casharo yar.

dhibaatooyinka preflight

Markii hore, inta lagu guda jiro diyaarinta bilaabay tobnaad Slaam bannaan ee ahaa wax badan oo dhibaato ah:

• Hore loo qorsheeyay in la qabto launch a on January 22 ka Baikonur F. John. Ee Kennedy. Laakiin sababta oo ah dhibaatooyin ururka bilaabin ugu horeeyay ee 23 ka dibna waxaa lagu soo guurtay on 24 January.
• Maadaama uu digniin duufaan heerkulka iyo hooseeyo horyaalka dib ayaa loo dhigay maalin kale.
• Mar kale, ay sabab u tahay cimilada xun loo dhigay bilowgii 27-kii January.
• In koorsada ah farsamooyinka soo socda kormeerka ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in dhibaatooyin dhowr ah, sidaas darteed waxaa la go'aamiyay in la magacaabo taariikh duulimaad cusub - January 28.

Subaxdii of January 28 dariiqyada, dhaxan bay ahayd, heerkulka hoos -1 ° C. injineerada way ayaa sababay inuu walaac, iyo in wada hadal gaar ah, waxay ka digay NASA hoggaan in xaalad aad u adag ayaa laga yaabaa in saameyn xun ku state of the-siddo O iyo talinayaa in mar kale dib loo dhigo taariikhda furitaanka. Laakiin talooyinka loo diiday. Waxaa jiray dhibaato kale: gashto launch daboolay baraf ah. Waxa ay ahayd caqabad aan laga gudbi karin, laakiin "nasiib", by 10 am barafka bilaabay inuu dhalaalin. Start waxaa loo magacaabay 11 saacadood iyo 40 daqiiqo. Waxaa lagu baahiyey telefishanka qaranka. All of America daawashada dhacdooyinka at cosmodrome ah.

Ku bilow-up oo shil of Slaam ah "tartame"

At 11 PM oo ka mid ah 38 daqiiqo kasbadeen matoorada. 2 daqiiqo ka dib unit la bilaabay. 7 seconds ka salka saxda ah ee xawaaraha kala jejebiyey qiiq cirro, waxa duubay duulimaadka sahanka dhulka ah. Sababta tani ahaa xamuulka saamaynta lama filaan ah inta lagu guda jiro engine bilaabatay. Tani ayaa horay u dhacay, waxa ku kicin kara giraanta ugu weyn quwad kaas oo bixiya a nidaamyada go'doomin lagu kalsoonaan karo. Laakiin waxay ahayd qabow oo aroortii ah, si giraanta la qaboojiyey ayaa laga badiyay barti iyo ma shaqayn karaan sidii la filayay. Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta keentay shilka.

58 ilbiriqsi oo meel bannaan oo diyaarad Slaam "tartame", taas oo uu leeyahay sawir in warqad ka dib, waxaan bilaabay in aan dumiyo. Ka dib markii 6 ilbiriqsi ka taangiga dibadda bilaabeen inay daadato hydrogen dareere ah, ka dib markii 2 seconds ee dibadda cadaadis taangiga shidaalka ayaa hoos u dhacay si heer xasaasi ah.

Ka dib 73 ilbiriqsi ee duulimaadka ay burburtay taangiga of ogsijiin dareere ah. Ogsijiin iyo hydrogen waxaa qarxiyay, iyo "tartame" lumay ee gilay bartamaha weyn.

harta markab Search iyo meydad

Ka dib markii uu qaraxa qashinka iska daba-bannaan galay Badweynta Atlantic ku dhacay. Search burbur pride iyo meydadkii cir wareegay US Department of Difaaca oo taageero ka military ka soo Guard Coast. March 7 hoose ee badda laga helay meydadka qol ka mid ah shaqaalaha markabka iska daba-ka. Sababo la gaadhista dheer si qaliin loogu aaso ku guuldareysatay inay la xaqiijiyo sababta dhabta ah ee dhimashada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan ka helay ka dib markii qaraxa, cir waxay ahaayeen maxaa yeelay, qol kaliya dildillaacsan off ka qaybta dabada nool. Maykl Smit, Ellison Onizuka Dzhudit Reznik, iyo ku hadhay miyir qabo oo ay ka mid yihiin sahayda hawada shakhsiyeed. Inta badan, cir waxay awoodi waayeen in ay u noolaadaan ciidamada saameyn weyn oo biyo ah.

May 1 search qashin Slaam meel ka dhammaadeen badda ahaa awoodaan si ay u helaan 55% Slaam ah.

Baaritaan lagu sameeyo sababaha masiibada

Baaritaan gudaha ah oo dhan xaaladaha musiibada NASA hoos stamp sirta ah sameeyay. Si loo fahmo dhammaan faahfaahinta kiiska iyo aad u ogaato sababaha, maxaa yeelay, kuwaas oo waxaa jiray Slaam ah ka dhicin meel bannaan "tartame", Madaxweynaha Mareykanka Ronald Reagan aasaasay guddi gaar ah Rogers (oo wakiil ka ah Madaxweynaha William P. Rogers). Waxay ka kooban yahay xubno sayniska, boos iyo injineerada aeronautical, cir iyo military.

Dhawr bilood ka dib Commission Rogers ayaa la siiyaa warbixin madaxweynaha, halkaas oo wax walba waxaa laga sameeyey dadweynaha iyada oo sababtu tahay oo waxaa jiray shil of Slaam "tartame." Waxaa sidoo kale tilmaamay in hoggaanka NASA ka helin ajiibay digniinaha khubaro ah oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka ay la kulmeen ammaanka ee horyaalka qorsheeyay.

Cawaaqibka burburkii

burburkii Slaam bannaan ee "tartame" macaamilooday si sumcadda Mareykanka dharbaaxo daran, barnaamijka "Space Gaadiidka System" ayaa lagu joojinayaa baxay muddo 3 sano ah. Sababtoo ah oo ka mid ah oo aad u ballaaran waqtiga shil pride ee United States khasaare ($ 8 billion).

isbedel la taaban karo ayaa ka dhigay in qaab-dhismeedka Slaam ah, aad iyo aad buu kor u qaadi doontaa ammaankooda.

Waxaa habayn iyo qaab-dhismeedka NASA. Abuuray hay'ad madax-bannaan si ay u kormeeraan ammaanka duulimaad.

dhaqanka soo bandhigeen

In May 2013, on screens ka soo ambadeen agaasimaha film George. Hawes "tartame". In UK, iyada waxaa la odhan jiray film fiican riwaayado of sanadka. Its goob ku salaysan yahay dhacdooyin dhab ah iyo hawlaha ku saabsan Commission Rogers ah.