Sharciga Weber - Fechner in cilmi nafsiga ee dareenka

sharciga aasaasiga ah psychophysical xiran magaca Gustav Teodora Fehnera (1801-1887 GG.) - jirka Jarmal, cilmi-nafsiga iyo falsafo, aasaasaha psychophysics. In uu shaqo "Qaybaha of psychophysics" (1860), weeraryahanka uu qadaray fikradda ah in sayniska loo baahan yahay beer cusub ee aqoonta in daraasad la xiriirta ee jirka iyo ifafaale maskaxda. fikrad Tani ayaa markii danbe saamayn weyn ku saabsan horumarinta cilmi nafsiga tijaabo ah. Research waxaa lagu fuliyaa ee beerta dareenka, Fechner ogol yahay in ay qiil ay sharciga psychophysical yaqaan of Weber - sharciga Fechner.

Fundamentals of sharciga la xidhiidhaan tijaabo ah Ernsta Genriha Weber (1795-1878) -. Jarmal anatomist, physiologist, aasaasihii nafsiga sayniska, oo ay la socdaan culimada sida Wundt, H. Ebbinghaus, iyo kuwa kale oo ka tirsan Weber fikradda ah lagu qiyaaso sayniska nafsi ah.

The waxbarashada ugu horeysay

Bilaw, ogaado sharciga Weber - Fechner, E. Weber waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan oo duurka ku ah dareenka aragga iyo maqalka, iyo sidoo kale in beerta dareenka maqaarka (taabashada). Gaar ahaan, Weber iska leh tijaabo la jirka heerkulka-xasaasi ah.

Tusaale ahaan, saamaynta ay ayaa lagu arkay wax-u qabsashada heerkulka. Marka hal gacan waxaa marka hore lagu meeleeyay biyo qabow, iyo kuwa kale - si kulul, ka dibna ka dib markii in biyo diiran inay gacanta ugu horeysay ka dhex muuqan doonaa diiran badan labaad, unadapted.

Noocyada dareenka maqaarka Weber

In 1834, Weber diyaariyey fikradaha uu on dareenka maqaarka ( "On dareenka taabashada"). Sayniska kala saddex nooc oo ah dareenka kuwan:

• dareen Cadaadiska (taabto);
• dareen heerkulka,
• dareen deegaamaynta (meel aan ollogga ah ee kicitaankan).

Weber iska leh esthesiometry horumarinta (baraheeda Weber). Iyada oo qalab this ay suurto gal ahayd in la qiyaaso masaafo ku filan in la kala saaro laba taabtona waa isku mar dusha sare ee maqaarka imtixaanka. Baadhaha la ogaaday in baaxadda masaafada ma aha joogto ah, qiimaha waa kala duwan ee qaybo kala duwan ee maqaarka. Sidaas darteed, waxa loogu yeero Weber ku qeexayaa dareenka wareegyada. fikradda ah in maqaarka qofka uu leeyahay dareen kala duwan, sidoo kale saameyn ku leh sharciga Weber - sharciga Fechner.

dejinta

Qodobadda, ogaado sharciga psychophysical of Weber noqday cilmi-gelin la xiriirta ee dareenka iyo ku meersan (1834). Waxaa la ogaaday in si heshaa cusub gartay sida kala duwan oo ka mid ah hore, waxa waa in ay leeyihiin kala duwan ka heshaa asalka by qadar loo dejiyay. Qiimaha Tani waa tiro joogto ah ku heshaa asalka ah. Sayidka, formula soo socda ayaa la soo minguuriyey:

DJ / J = K,

halkaas oo J waa heshaa asalka, DJ - faraqa u dhexeeya cusub oo ku heshaa asalka ah, iyo K - waa joogto ah oo ku xiran nooca receptor u saamaysay. Tusaale ahaan, in la kala saaro meersan iftiin saamiga 1/100 looga baahan yahay inay ka dhawaajiyaan ku meersan - 1/10, iyo miisaanka faquuqaya - 1/30.

Ka dibna, ku salaysan xogta tijaabo qeexaya sharciga H. Fechner formula psychophysical aasaasiga ah, lacagta isbedel ku dareen saami la logarithm ee ku heshaa. Sayidka, xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya xoogga dareen iyo xoog of kicitaankan, kaas oo la faray in ay sharciga Weber - Fechner, ayaa muujiyay sida soo socota: isbedel dareenka qiimaha xooga ee horumarka ah xisaabta, halka baaxadda xoogga ah ee ku meersan baahisey kala duwan aheyn.

qaynuun-xaddidan

Inkastoo ujeedada cilmi, sharciga psychophysical of Weber - Fechner ayaa shir gaar ah. Waxa la ogaaday in dareen khiyaano qiimaha joogto ah ma aha. Tusaale ahaan, ma waxaad ku doodi kartaa in farqi dirqi garan in dareenka ah markii loo feydo xamuulka ah ee 100 g oo 110 g la mid tahay dareen ah oo kali ah lagu dareemi karaa markii loo feydo xamuulka ee 1000 g iyo 1100 Iyadoo la raacayo, sharciga Weber - Fechner waxa lagu gartaa qiimaha qof qaraabo ah, gaar ahaan meersan dhexdhexaad-xoogooda. Taa baddalkeeda, xogta sharciga gudahood leedahay muhiimad la taaban karo oo waaweyn.