Seefo Sumarai. hubka Japanese iyo noocyada ay

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada shogunate Tokugawa ka 1603 uu la xidhiidha daryeelka waran lahaanshaha farshaxanka ee la soo dhaafay. In meel of dagaalladii lagu hoobtay oo u yimid xilligii of technology iyo horumar tartanka military oo seefo. Arts xiran dalkii hantida u ahaa seef, waxaa loo yaqaan "kenjutsu", waxa uu ku ekeeyey adoo adeegsanayo of ruuxiga ah is-hagaajinta.

Taasoo la micno ah seef Sumarai

seefo Sumarai Kuwan waxaa loo arkaa hub ma aha oo kaliya ee askari xirfad leh, laakiin calaamad u ah fasalka Sumarai, astaanta, sharaf iyo rag xoog badan, geesinimada iyo geesinimada. Tan iyo markii aan wakhtiyadii hore u ahaa arkaa hub ahaan hadiyad ahaan xurmada ilaahadda qorraxda in uu awow, xukunka on dhulka. Seef ahaa in la isticmaalo oo kaliya dabargoynta Xumaan, Dulmi iyo kuwa wanaagsan loo ilaaliyo. Wuxuu qayb ka mid ah diinta Shinto ahaa. Arms qurxiyey macbudyo, meelaha quduuska ah. In qarnigii 8aad wadaaddadii Japan oo ku lug leh wax soo saarka, nadiifinta, qiraan of seefo.

Sumarai lahaa in had iyo jeer aad set oo ah dagaalyahan. Waayo, seeftu mar kibirka oo meel la siiyey ee guriga, Daaqad Misbaax ee geeska top - tokonoma. Waxay hayay ilayska ama katanakake tatikake. Aadida sariirta, seefo Sumarai qudhiisu dhigay madaxa at dhererka gacanta ee.

Nin ayaa laga yaabaa masaakiinta, laakiin daab qaali ah meel qatar ah. Seeftii ahaa astaanta ah, oo ku nuuxnuuxsaday, booska bulshada. Waayo, aawadiis Sumarai geedku uu lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu naftiisa iyo qoyskiisa allabari.

Calan hubka Japanese

askari Japanese mar walba isaga la jiray laba seefood, oo tilmaamaysa in ay iska Sumarai ah. dagaalyahan Kit (Dyce) ka koobnayd daab dheer iyo gaaban. Sumarai Long seef Katana ama siin (60 ilaa 90 cm) - hub ugu weyn ee Sumarai ka qarnigii 14aad. Waxaa la xirto on dhibcood suunka kor ku. Afaysteen seef hal gacan, lahaa daab a qalooca iyo gacanka. Iyo saaxiriinta, ay awoodaan si ay u disho dagaalka xawaare hillaac in jajab ee daab labaad jiidaya iyo samaynta lulid ah. Farsamadan loo yaqaan "laijutsu".

Sumarai Short vakidzasi seef (Shoto ama Kodachi) laba jeer gaaban (30 ilaa 60 cm) xirto qarkii suunka intii ka sii weynayd, waxaa loo isticmaalaa si joogta ah u yar, marka ay maamusho dagaalka ee xaaladaha hawadu. Iyada oo askarta vakidzasi gooyay madaxdii cadaawayaashooda la Dilo ama la xayiran in maxaabiis ahaan, samaynayn seppuku - ismiidaamin ah. Inta badan Sumarai Katana dagaalka, inkastoo dugsiyada gaarka ah dagaalka on laba seefood ayaa loo tababaray.

Noocyada seefo Sumarai

Waxa intaa dheer in la ballamay ee Dice, waxaa jira dhawr nooc oo ka mid ah seefo Japanese loo isticmaalo by dagaalyahan.

• Tsuruga, chokutō - seef hore loo isticmaalaa ilaa qarnigii 11aad, lahaa si toos ah cidhifyada iyo afaysteen labada dhinac.
• Ken - daab qadiimiga ah si toos ah, afaysteen labada dhinac, waxaa loo isticmaalay in xafladaha diinta iyo dhif ah loo isticmaalo ee dagaalka.
• Tachi - seef qalooca weyn (dhererka 61 cm ka soo caarada) loo isticmaalo fuula, tip duugoobay hoos.
• Nodati ama Odat - daab aalladda (1 m 1.8 m), taas oo ah nooc ka mid ah tuugada, gashado dambeeya rakaabka ahaa.
• Tanto - seeftii (dheer 30 cm).
• Waayo, rabtay isticmaalo seefo baasaboorka (shinai) iyo alwaax (bokken). hub Tababarka loo isticmaali karo in dagaal la soo horjeeda aan istaahilin, sida tuug ah.

Lahaanshada iyo nin ka mid ah fasalada hoose lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu difaaco mindiyo yar yar iyo toorreeyo, iyadoo ay jirto sharciga ah oo ku saabsan xaq u leeyihiin inay xirtaan seefo.

Katana seef

Katana - Sumarai dagaal seef, oo qayb ka ah hub ciidan caadiga ah ninka hubka leh wakizashi a daab yar. Waxa lagu dabaqay si horumar ah ee tuugada mahad qarnigii 15aad. daab Katana kala duwan qalooca ka muuqataana, inaanu si toos ah muddo dheer, jidaynayey si ay u qabtaan oo leh hal ama laba gacmood. jirridda, ayaa wax yar gacnta iyo dhamaadka fiiqan loo isticmaalo jarida iyo eridaan. Miisaanka seef waa 1 - 1,5 kg. Waayo, xoog, dabacsanaan iyo qalbi engegnaantooda seef Katana Sumarai dhexdooda garbaha kale qaadataa meel ugu horeysay ee adduunka, lafta dhimaysa, xakame ee qoriga iyo birta ka badan Bulat Carabta iyo seefo Yurub.

abuurna tumaal hub, weligay ma dhigay rakiban, waayo, amarkiisa lahaa sayid kale. Katana - naqshadeeye a, ururiyay oo sabab u ah shaqada koox. Sumarai walba dhawr nooc oo rakiban, duugoobay oo ku beegnaa. geedku soo maray qarniyo ka ab ka ab, iyo qaab kala duwanaan karaan ku xiran tahay duruufaha.

Taariikhda Katana ah

In 710, swordsman halyeeyga Japanese Amakuni ugu horeysay loo adeegsaday dagaalka seef leh daab qalooca. ka diiwaanada kala duwan been abuurtay, oo wuxuu lahaa oo qaab Saber ah. Its qaab ma beddelmin ilaa qarnigii 19aad. Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 12aad seefo Katana ayaa loo arkaa dabaqadda sare. Under xukunka shogun ku Ashikaga xeerkii xiran laba seefood, taas ayaa noqotay mudnaanta fasalka Sumarai ah. set A of seefo Sumarai qayb ka mid ah dhar milatari, rayidka iyo dabaaldeg ahaa. Laba garbaha ahaayeen Sumarai oo dhan, iyadoo aan loo eegin darajo, ka caadiga ah si ay u shogun ah. Ka dib markii kacaanka, saraakiisha Japanese ah ayaa looga baahan yahay inay xirtaan seefo Yurub, Katana, ka dibna laga badiyay ay xaaladda.

Secrets of Katana ah

Daab abuurtay ka steel laba nooc: asaasiga ah waxaa loo sameeyey ee viscous iyo adag ka - jarida laayeen. Steel hor ildheer oo ku daahir by sii dheer soo noqnoqda iyo alxanka.

In katanas soo saarta in ay muhiim tahay in ay doortaan biraha, iron ore, waxaaga gaarka ah ee molybdenum iyo tungsten. Iron dhengedihii sayidkiisa qoday qoyan ee 8 sano. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, miridhku iska cuna jilicsanaanta, ka dibna alaabta la geeyay si ay umbaa ah. Gunsmith jeestay baararka ee bireed buris culus. Markaas bireed si joogta ah sameeyay oo simay. Sidaa darteed, daab la dhammeeyayna ay ka koobnayd 50,000 lakab oo bir-xoog sare.

Katana Kuwani Sumarai had iyo Sharaf jamon line sifo, muuqashada sabab u ah isticmaalka hababka gaarka ah ee dhidbey dhul iyo adkaansho. Hilt seef tsuka obvorachivalas maqaarka ray iyo duudduubay gelin xariijin Xariir. Xusuus ama Katana rasmi ah ku yeelan karto inaanu ka mid ah qoryo ama foolka maroodiga sameeyey.

haysashada Katana ah

seef dheer ay ku ool ah ku dhaqaaqaan karo. Si aad u qabtaan gacanta of Katana loo isticmaalo, dhamaadka xamili oo waa in lagu hayaa dhexe ee gacanta bidix iyo gacanta midig tuujin xamili u dhow madaxa waardiyayaasha. ruxruxo Synchronous ee labada gacmood awood hubka si aad u hesho stroke Ilodanimada waaweyn, iyadoo aan wax lacag tamar badan. Foori ayaa codsatay vertical in seef ama cadaw gacmaha. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in aad in aad ka saarto hubka cadowga ee la dhabbihii weerarkii ka dhacay uu cirib soo socda.

hub Baydka Japanese

noocyo dhowr ah waa hubka Japanese nooca ah kaabayaal ah ama sare.

• Yumi ama o-Yumi - qaansooyin dagaal (180 si ay u 220 cm), waa hub ugu da'da weyn Japan. Qaansooyin loo adeegsaday dagaalka iyo in xafladaha diiniga ah tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore. Qarnigii 16aad ay eryay muskets, ka Portugal keenay.
• Yari - waran (5 m), hub caanka ah ee xilligii dirir, lugta ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo daadiyaa cadowga ka faraskiisa.
• Bo - dagaal ciidamada pole, tilmaamayaa maanta hub isboorti. Waxaa jira embodiments badan oo cadcad, taas oo ku xidhan dhererka (30 cm 3 m), dhumucda iyo qaybta cross (ku wareegsan, hexagonal, iwm).
• Yoroi Doce tixgeliyo seeftii naxariis, xusuusin stylet iyo ayaa loo isticmaalaa dilka ku dhaawacmeen soo horjeeda dagaalka.
• Kodzuka ama kotsuka - mindi military, go'an in galkeeda dagaalka seef, iyo waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin ganacsi.
• Tessen ama Dunsany utiva - dagaal Taliyaha taageere. taageere ayaa lagu qalabeeyey cirbadaha bir afeeyey oo loo isticmaali karo in weerarka, sida dubbahaygii iyo gaashaan.
• ul bir ah dagaal, fargeeto, iyadoo labo ilkaha - Dzitte. Waxa loo adeegsaday in Zaman ee Tokugawa sida booliska hub. Isticmaalka dzitte, booliska qabteen seefo Sumarai ee dagaallada kula dagaalyahan dulmiga badan.
• Naginata - halberd Japanese, suufiyadoodii dagaalyahan hub, cirif laba-meter oo leh guri-daab yar oo ku saabsan dhamaadka. Waqtiyadii hore, loo isticmaalo oo lug in uu weeraro cadowga fardihiisii. Qarnigii 17aad waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida dumar ah qoysaska Sumarai hub is-difaaca.
• Kaiken - dagaal mindi waayo, dabaqadda sare dhaddig. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in is-difaaca, oo ceebeeyeen gabdhaha in ay is miidaamin ah.

Inta lagu jiro mudada internecine dagaalladii sokeeye ee Japan qoryaha saarka hubka handarraabbadeedii dhagaxmadow (teppo), kuwaas oo loo tixgeliyo aan istaahilin soo socda si ay awood of Tokugawa ah. Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 16aad, ciidamada Japanese u muuqday iyo qoriga, laakiin qaansada iyo seefta sii waday in ay ku jirta booska ugu muhiimsan ee hubka u Sumarai.

Katana-Kaji

Seefo ee Japan waxaa mar kasta ka dhigay by dadka fasalka talada haya, inta badan qaraabo Sumarai ama maxkamadda. Dalabka goor wanaagsan for seefo sayidyada dhulgoosadka bilaabay inuu yala sancaynta (Katana-Kaji). Warshadaha seef Sumarai u baahan taxadir diyaarinta. seefo oo ildheer u ekaa xaflad Afika oo waxaa ka buuxsamay hawlo diimeed si qaataha ciidamada shar ilaaliyo.

Inta aynaan hoos u hesho in ay ganacsi, tumaal soomay, ka fikirrada sharka leh iyo camal ka aamuseen, oofiyey isdaahirinta dhaqan ee jirka. Be si fiican loo nadiifiyo oo lagu qurxiyey shime - sifooyinkii dhaqan, tolmo wanaagsan ka caws buu bariiska. smithy kasta ahayd meel allabari salaadda iyo tababarka moral in ay ka shaqeeyaan. Haddii loo baahdo, sayidkii Yeela kuge - dharka smart. sharaf uma ay oggolaan sayidkiisa khibrad leh si ay u soo saaraan hub tayadiisu hoosayso. Mararka qaarkood seef tumaal ka baabbi'iyeen, oo qaadan kara dhowr sano, ay sabab u tahay hal cillad. Work on mid seef socon karaa meel kasta oo laga bilaabo 1 sano ilaa 15 sano.

seefo Japanese technology-soo-saarka

biraha Remelted oo ka soo jeeda bir magnetic waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida hubka birta ah. seefo Sumarai, tixgeliyaa ugu fiican ee Bariga Fog ayaa u xoogan sida Dimishaq. Qarnigii 17aad ee wax soo saarka ee seefo Japanese waxaa loo isticmaalay biraha ka Europe.

daab Japanese tumaal soo sameeyey tiro badan oo layers bir strips thinnest la content carbon kala duwan. strips waxaa wada welded waqtiga barafku oo ildheer. Shoqo, extruding, soo noqnoqda oo laabma oo ildheer oo strips biraha cusub ay awoodi karaan dogob khafiif ah.

Sayidka, geedku ka kooban yahay hannaanka a of layers dhisnayd khafiif steel raznouglerodnoy. Xarunta low-carbon iyo-carbon sare biraha siiyey qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed seef gaarka ah iyo ku nafwaayay. In birtumaha tallaabada xigta loo qoray daab leh dhagaxyo yar oo Bakhtiya. Inta badan seefo Sumarai ka Japan ayaa la dhigay muddo dhowr sano ah.

Dilkii laysaan

Tayada jirridda iyo xirfada Sumarai waxaa badanaa lagu tijaabiyey in dagaalka. seef Good ogol yahay in ay jaray saddex meydadka la dhigay on top of kasta oo kale. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay seefaha Sumarai cusub waxay u baahan yihiin in ay isku dayaan in aadanuhu. Tsuji-Giri (dil u laysaan) - magaca baarka xaflad seef cusub. The dhibanayaasha Sumarai noqday tuugsanaya, yaroow, safarka ah iyo jidka maraya, by, tirada taas oo ugu dhaqsaha badan ugu tiriyey kun kun. Mas'uuliyiinta ayaa ku riday ilaa ilaalada waddooyinka ah, askartii, laakiin askartii liidata gutaan waajibaadkooda.

Sumarai kuwaas oo aan doonayaa in aan dilo oo aan waxba galabsan, doortay hab kale - tamesi-miisaanka. Markuu bixisay askari ah, waxaa suurto gal ahayd in ay isaga seeftiisii, oo wuxuu isku dayay inta lagu guda jiro fulinta qofka la xukumay siin.

Waa maxay qarsoon oo Katana muuqaal ah?

seef Katana Tani waxaa laga dalban karaa iyada oo sababtu tahay is-fool ah u taagoo ah. Si fudud adigoo geedku ilayska gaar ah, iyada oo dagaalyahan wakhti kasta oo ah waqtiga aan helay daab af mar kale. Seef qoray in marxaladaha, toban giraangiraha shiidi doona, yaraynaysaa graininess. Kolkaasaa sayidkii otpolirovyval ciidda dhuxusha jirridda.

Tallaabadii u dambaysay waxaa la fuliyay in dhoobo seef engegnaantooda dareere ah, iyadoo ay sabab u nidaamka this on daab ka dhacay matte strip thinnest (yakiba). sayid yaqaan tagay saxiixa a on dho jirridda. Ka dib oo ildheer oo tempering labadii seef safeeyey. Marka Katana lahaa luster, shaqo ahaa dhamaystiran.

gunaanad

seef Sumarai Tani, qiimaha waa heer sare, sida caadiga ah, waa Diintu reer sayid qadiimiga ah. qalab noocan oo kale ah waa adag tahay inay helaan, sida ay u kala qaado qoysaska iyada oo dhaxal sida relic ah. The Katana ugu qaalisan leeyihiin MEI - ceebeynta of odayga iyo sanadka ah ee soo saaridda on shank ah. seefo badan oo shubo oo ildheer oo calaamad, xisaabin ka caddooyinka Chinese, dhawrsada jinniyadooda sharka leh. Galkeeda seef waxaa sidoo kale lagu qurxiyey sharraxay.