Saliid Engine: calaamadeynta, sharaxaad, kala soocidda. Waa maxay calaamadaha oo saliid ah motor?

saliidaha cabbeeyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa by nin kumanaan sano 3.5. Xataa mashiinada fudud u baahan iyaga ka mid ah. Ka hor dhalashada oo saliid ah iyo taagayo ay waxaa loo isticmaalaa saliidda dhirta iyo dufanka xayawaanka. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in howlgalka of uumi matoorada saliidda rapeseed. Macluumaadkaan waxaa si fiican u dhaqmayso dusha biraha iyo waxa aan la dhaqday off by biyaha iyo uumi.

In 1859, waxaa jiray wax soo saarka saliidda, taas oo samaysa asaas u ah abuurista saliidaha macdanta. Iyada oo agaa of HABEEYAHA nafwaayay polymeric suurto guurka ka jiilaalka si xagaaga iyo darey oo dhan xilli ciyaareedka.

Noocyada saliidaha motor

Shayga waa Halabuurka ka mid ah qalabka. Waxay ka kooban tahay laba qaybood: ku saliidda salka iyo xirmo daro. Arintaan bixiyaan kala duwan ee guryaha wax soo saarka. Iyadoo ku xiran habka ay u soo saarta saliidda saldhig u qaybsan yahay saddex nooc.

1. Macdanta oo ka soo jeeda petroleum (macdanta).

2. sindeetig, dhismaha keentay of Avv kiimikada. Calaamadaynta saliid motor dardaro - buuxda dardaro. The ugu tayo iyo qaali ah.

3. Semi-dardaro, macmalay on salka macdanta dheeriga ah qaybaha sare dardaro (semi-dardaro) a. tanaasulka A macquul ah in ratio tayada / qiimaha.

saliidaha dardaro leeyihiin tiro ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka marka la eego macdanta.

ballan

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee sifaynta - formation of caleemo khafiif ah oo waqti isku mid ah filimka xoog leh oo ku saabsan dusha sare ee qaybaha khilaaf si looga hortago in xiriir toos ah microroughness ah. Sayidka Duugga ah la yareeyo.

Assignment of saliidaha motor: universal, waayo, shidaalka naaftada iyo matoorada. Koox gaar ah - waayo powerplants laba-stroke. Tani waa caddaynta ku calaamadiyey ku haboon ee saliidaha motor: qiimaha «naaftada», «2T» ama «2 eyo». Her la'aanta caddeynta codsiga universal.

xulashada

Sida loo doorto saliidda engine? Calaamadaynta ku jira tilmaamo badan, laakiin macaamiisha ku mashquulsan yihiin laba ka mid ah:

- heerka tayada (haddii ay ku haboon gaariga waa);

- nafwaayay (haddii ay ku haboon xilli gaar ah iyo cimilada).

hab gaarka ah u baahan, mashiinada cusub oo casri ah.

Jawaabaha labadan su'aalood asaasiga ah siinaysaa saliidda engine sixitaanka. waxaa Deciphering - in nidaam tusmaynta caadiga ah.

Waa dhawr. Inta badan loo isticmaalo by saddex - SAE, API iyo ACEA. Mararka qaarkood waxay ku daray ILSAC.

SAE caadiga ah

kala soocidda waxay ku salaysan tahay sifooyinka ku nafwaayay ah. Waxay yihiin in nidaamka this - ugu weyn.

SAE (American Association of Automotive Injineerro) oo dhigaya in oo kala duwan oo ku nafwaayay ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha la xidhiidha saliidda motor.

Calaamadaynta isticmaalaa this index, cabiraa unugyada. Badan waa, sare ku nafwaayay ah.

Heerka uu abuurayaa saddex kooxood oo saliidaha: xagaaga, xilliga qaboobaha iyo xilli ciyaareedkan oo dhan. Last - ugu badan.

From magacyada noocyo kala duwan oo waxa uu noqonayaa mid iska cad in this sixitaanka ku saleysan Heerka SAE ah, waxaad baran kartaa wax ka mid ah oo kaliya: haddii saliid ku haboon in loo isticmaalo xilli gaar ah ee cimilada gaar ah ama ma aha. Taas oo keliya.

Heerka uu abuurayaa saddex kooxood oo saliidaha. Waxay ku kala duwan yihiin xilliyada isticmaalka.

1. 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W , 20W, 25W - saliid xilliga qaboobaha. Lixdii. W dhimaya index (qaboobaha) - "Winter". The yar yar, si fiican u ah "qabow" isticmaalka. qiimaha ugu hooseeya ee - 0.

2. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 - saliid xagaaga. Shan ka mid ah. W sixiixin dhimaya - "xagaaga". Waxa ay muujinaysaa haynta ee ku nafwaayay at heerkul ka sareeya. The meel sare, isticmaalka ku ool ah oo saliid kulul. qiimaha ugu badan - 60.

3. 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-50, iwm - .. Season. Tiradoodu - 23.

Tusaale ahaan, sixitaanka 5W30 saliidda engine la micno tahay in ay tahay oo dhan-weather isticmaalka. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la isticmaalo ee kala duwan heerkulka ka -30 in +20 degrees.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxa macluumaadka si ay u muujiyaan saliidda engine ah, SAE calaamadeynta siiya macaamiisha?

Tani waa warbixin ku saabsan sifooyinka heerkulka of dhexdhexaad ah, taas oo ay la kulmaan soo socda:

1. Rolling electrostarter joogta ah laga bilaabo qabow crankshaft.

2. Mode ku listo saliid dhex line engine ah. Bilawga qabow waa in ay bixiyaan cadaadis ah taasoo ka hortagaysa pairings khilaaf qalalan.

3. sifaynta kalsoonaan karo oo ah xagaaga in hawlgal joogto ah hab adag.

API soocidda

Developer - Machadka American ah oo wax soo saarka batroolka. API u ogolaanaya in ay doortaan saliiddii lagu gaariga ku xiran sano ee soo saaridda. Ka dib oo dhan, geeddi-socodka horumarinta mishiino, waa in ay soo saaraan a matoorada si dhakhso ah, fudud oo horumarsan, oo joogto ah.

kala soocidda waxaa diiradda lagu saaray gawaarida soo saaray America.

Waxa laga hirgeliyey saliidda engine sixitaanka higgaadda. Decryption waa. S (Service) - baatrool, C (Commercial) - naaftada. waxqabadka labaad sixitaanka tusinaysaa Warqad si ka sii ah - sida horumarinta tayada. Tusaale ahaan, fasalka SJ ayaa dhawaan soo bandhigay. Isla mar ahaantaana uu riixay SH. kala soocidda SJ loo xilsaaray in ay saliidaha qaali ah oo saldhig dardaro oo tayo sare leh. Waxay waxaa loogu talagalay dadka mashiinada ugu casrisan.

SH jaban eego qaar ka mid ah SJ liita, iyagu waa fiican ee wax soo saarka ee baabuurta 1994-1989 sano ka hor. Class SF waxaa diiradda lagu saaray matoorrada ka weyn-xawaaraha ku yar oo fudud.

saliid motor Universal, double sixitaanka, tusaale ahaan: SF / CC, CD / SF, iwm SF / CC - "shidaal dheeraad ah", CD / SF- "naaftada dheeraad ah." Tusaale - in sawirka.

Sababo la horumarinta firfircoon ee matoorada naaftada waa kakanaanta: .. Turbocharged, iwm ayaa loo baahan yahay xal gaarka ah ee dhirta ka xoogbadan. Sidaa darteed, soo saarayaasha keentay waxaa ka mid ah kala duwan ee saliidaha for matoorada naaftada. walxuhu Kuwani waxaa loo diyaariyey by calaamad gaar ah «Diesel».

In saliidda koox gaar ah unugyada awood baatrool la function badbaado xoog ah. Waxay leeyihiin naqshada EC dheeraadka ah (Energy dhawrida).

Qoondaynta oo ka mid ah Association of European Automobile-saareyaasha (ACEA)

Waxaa by lagu gartaa shuruudaha adag ee tayada oo saliid ah. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in Europe shuruudaha gaarka ah ee hawlgalka baabuurta iyo dhowr design kale engine.

saliid ACEA engine Qoondaynta tilmaamay hawlgalka xaaladaha heerkulka sare.

ACEA tilmaamay afar fasal ee A tilmaamay, B, C, E. loogu talagalay shidaalka, matoorada naaftada iyo Quwadda qalabaysan converters horseed.

kala soocidda koox oo kala duwan sida ay muujineysaa saliid tamarta lagu badbaadinayo. Waxay leeyihiin qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka gaarka ah. Waxay kaydka isticmaalka shidaalka ayaa la gaari by yaraynta dhumucdiisuna film saliid at heerkulka hawlgalka sare. Qaar ka mid ah, inta badan Japanese, matoorada waxaa loogu talagalay si goan hoos noocyada sida. saliidaha Energy-ool ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa oo kaliya xaaladaha marka ay ku taliyeen soo saaraha gaariga. Sayidka, BMW iyo Mercedes-Benz waxaa lagula talinayaa in aan la isticmaalayn dhamaan baabuurta ee noocyada kuwan.

Waa maxay calaamadaha ku ACEA engine saliidda? Fasallada A iyo B ee dhinaca of keydinta tamarta tilmaamay identically. Maxay ka dhigan tahay? Fasallada A1, J5, B1 iyo B5 - tamar-badbaaddo. Qaar kale - saliid caadiga ah. Tani A2, A3, B2, B3 iyo B4. saliidaha Energy-ool ah looma isticmaalo in baabuur ka weyn. Waxay dalbanayaan ilaalin wanaagsan.

calaamadeynta Double sida A3 / B4, waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loogu yeero saliidaha universal (baatrool ama naaftada).

Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah US iyo qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha baabuurta Yurub ku talinaynaa in ay baabuurta darey of ACEA A3 / B4, walaaca Japanese - ACEA A1 / B2 ama J5 / B5.

ILSAC soocidda

maaxdey laba Ururada of Automobile-saareyaasha - Japan iyo America. Waxaa jira saddex fasal ee saliidaha in ay bixiyaan lacagta kaydka tamarta iyo loogu talagalay baabuurta rakaabka baatrool. Calaamadinta: GF-1, GF-2 iyo GF-3.

saliidaha Kuwanu waa fiican ee baabuurta ka Japan. Waayo, American noocyada baabuurta xaabxaabtay by ILSAC, API u dhigma.

Talooyin iyo heerarka automakers ah

API ACEA soocidda, Oogna saliidaha tilmaamayaasha waxqabadka. Iyo qiimaha ay - ogolyahay ugu yar. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ay dalabaadkooda u helaan saarayaasha of saliidaha iyo daro raacsan saarayaasha baabuurta, dambaysta ah aysan ku qancin had iyo jeer. by hababka caadiga ah Tests laga yaabaa in aan si buuxda u tixgeliyaan ku dhegyadii ee hawlgalka ee matoorada cusub oo casri ah. Sidaa darteed, shirkadaha baabuurta xaq u leeyihiin in ay habeeyaan caddaymaha iyaga u gaar ah, yahey shuruudo gaar ah.

Hirgalinta saliidaha imtixaanka in makiinado ay ka, waxay sidoo kale iyaga soo qaado, hanuuniyey by mid ka mid ah kala saaro caadi ah, ama loo kobciyo heerarka iyaga u gaar ah la tilmaamayo noocyada, ugu haboon oo loo ogol yahay si loogu isticmaalo.

Caddaymaha automakers khasabka ah si ay u muujiyaan on xirmo ee soo socota si ay guryaha waxqabadka fasalka qoraalka. looga baahan yahay waa rumoobay in warqaddii.

In dunida ay qaataan hal saliid ah engine sixitaanka. waxaa kelmadaha ku siinayaa jawaab aan mugdi su'aasha ah ee baaxadda wax soo saarka.

Ka fiirso tusaale ahaan soo socda. Sayidka, sixitaanka 5W40 saliid motor.

Tani waxay ka kooban dardaro hawlgalka multigrade marka heerkulku ka -30 in +35 degrees.

Sida laga soo xigtay soocidda ee API CJ-4 saliidda waxaa loo isticmaalaa baabuur la soo saaray ka dib 2006 iyo qalabaysan matoorada naaftada-xawaaraha sare ee daboolaya cabirrada qiiqa by 2007. Isticmaalaa marka ordaya on shidaalka ay ku jiraan wax ka badan 0.05% baaruud. Wax ku ool ah ee baabuurta la filtarrada particulate iyo nidaamyada recirculation gaaska dhammayn. masaafada Marka hawlgala on tayo sare leh, oo ay ku jiraan wax ka badan 0,0015% shidaalka baaruud, waxay bixisaa korodhay in la bedelo.

Sayidka, sixitaanka 5W40 engine, cayimay on baakada oo saliid ah, waxa ku jira macluumaad ku filan si loo ogaado in ay ku habboon in loo isticmaalo on daydo gaari gaar ah.