Qarxintii Yugoslavia (1999): sababaha, cawaaqibka

hawlgalka NATO ee Yugoslavia sannadkii 1999, waxay ahayd natiijo ka mid ah labaatankii sano ee dagaallada sokeeye ee ugu badan Balkan Peninsula. Marka ay burburtay gobolka hal hantiwadaagga, ee gobolka qarxay ka hor inta qaboojiyay khilaafka qowmiyadaha. Mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu muhiimsan ee xiisadda jiray Kosovo. Gobolka Tani waxay gacanta ugu Serbia ku hadhay, inkastoo halkan ku noolaa inta badan Albanians.

shuruudaha

cadaawad Mutual ah laba dad oo u dhexeeya waxaa lagu darey fowdo iyo fowdo dalka deriska Bosnia iyo Croatia, iyo sidoo kale diinta oo kala duwan. Seerbiyiin - Orthodox, Albanians - Muslimiinta. Qarxintii Yugoslavia bilaabay sanadkii 1999 ay sabab u tahay ethnic cleansing, qabanqaabiya adeegyada qarsoon ee dalka. Waxay ahaayeen jawaab u hadalka u ahaa gooni Albanian, kuwaas oo doonayay in ay sameeyaan Kosovo ka madax banaan Belgrade iyo waxa ku soo lifaaq si Albania.

dhaqdhaqaaqa Tani waxaa la sameeyay sanadkii 1996. gooni ayaa abuuray Kosovo Liberation Army ku. Xarakada Its bilaabay weerar qorshaysan on booliska Yugoslav iyo wakiillo kale oo dowladda dhexe ee gobolka. Beesha caalamka ayaa dadka kiciyey, markii ciidankii jawaab u weerarrada weeraray dhowr tuulo oo Albanian. Dilay in ka badan 80 qof.

Iskahorimaadka of Albanians iyo seerbiyiin

In kasta oo dareen diidmo ah oo caalami ah, Madaxweynaha Yugoslav Slobodan Milosevic sii waday in ay u horseedi siyaasadaha uu adag gooni. Bishii September 1998, xal la ansixiyay ee Qaramada Midoobay, kaas oo ugu baaqay dhammaan dhinacyada colaadda iskuhaya in ay hubka iska dhigaan oo ay. Waqtigaas, NATO faasiqiin ah isku diyaarineysa inay qarxiyaan Yugoslavia. Under sida a double xooga Miloshevich gurteen. Ciidamada ayaa waxaa laga saaray tuulooyinka si nabad ah. Waxay saldhig ay ku noqdeen. Si rasmi ah, heshiis xabbad joojin ah la saxiixay October 15, 1998

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ugu dhakhsaha badan caddaatay in dirir ah aad u qoto dheer oo xoog badan in ay joojiyaan karo baaqyada iyo dukumentiyada waa. Xabad joojin xilliyo dhibtay Albanians iyo Yugoslavia labadaba. Bishii Janaayo 1999, waxaa jiray xasuuqii ka dhacay tuulada Racak. Booliska Yugoslav toogasho ah in ka badan 40 qof. Later, masuuliyiinta ayaa sheegay in kuwa Albanians ayaa lagu dilay dagaalka. Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin dhacdadan ahayd sababta final diyaarinta qalliinka, taas oo keentay in qarax ee Yugoslavia ee 1999 sano.

Maxaa sababay dawladda Maraykanka in la bilaabo weeraradan? Si rasmi ah, NATO ku dhufto ee Yugoslavia in uu ku qasbo hoggaanka dalka ee si ay u joojiyaan siyaasadda ciqaab ka dhan ah Albanians ah. Laakiin sidoo kale in la ogaadaa in halka fadeexad siyaasadeed ee gudaha ka qarxay Maraykanka, maxaa yeelay, kuwaas oo Madaxweyne Bill Clinton ayaa xayuubin oo ku hanjabay laalista xafiiska. Xaaladahan oo kale, a "dagaal yar oo guul" noqon lahaa dhaqdhaqaaq fiican ka shuqlinin opinion dadweynaha dhibaatooyinka shisheeye shisheeye.

qalliinka ka hor

The wadahadalka nabada ee la soo dhaafay ay burburtay bishii March. Ka dib markii ay dhamaystirka, qarax ee Yugoslavia ee 1999 sano. Gorgortanku waxa uu ka qeyb qaatay, iyo Russia, kuwaas oo ay taageerayaan hoggaanka Milosevic. Britain iyo Maraykanka ayaa soo jeediyay mashruuc la abuuro of madaxbannaani ballaaran in Kosovo. Xaaladdan oo kale, xaaladda mustaqbalka ee Territory waa in lagu qeexaa sida ay natiijada cod caanka ah ee dhawr sano. Waxaa loo maleeyey in ilaa xilligan in Kosovo noqon doona ciidamada nabad ilaalinta NATO, iyo ciidamada Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha Yugoslav iyo ciidankii tagay gobolka si looga fogaado xiisad aan loo baahnayn. Albanians qaatay mashruucan.

Waxay ahayd fursad la soo dhaafay in qaraxii ee Yugoslavia sannadkii 1999, isku wada mid ma dhici doono. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakiillo ka Belgrade in wada xaajoodka ay diideen in ay aqbalaan shuruudaha u hormarsataan. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ma jecli fikradda ah muuqaalka kore ee ciidamada NATO ee Kosovo. Isla mar ahaantaana, Yugoslavs lagu heshiiyey kale ee mashruuca. wadahadalka ay burburiyeen. On March 23, NATO go'aansaday in ay ahayd waqti ay ku bilaabaan qaraxii ee Yugoslavia (1999). Date of dhamaystirka oo hawlgalka ah (arkaa in Ururka Heshiiska Woqooyiga Atlantikada) waxay ahayd in ay dhacaan oo keliya marka Belgrade aqbali doono mashruuca oo dhan.

Wadahadalada si dhow ula raacay in Qaramada Midoobay. Ururka ma uusan siin go-hor qaraxii ka. Oo weliba, ugu dhakhsaha badan kadib marka ay bilaabaan hawlaha Golaha Amaanka qaaday cod on kuwaas oo la soo jeediyey in la aqoonsado gardarraloowna Maraykanka. Qaraarka waxa lagu taageeray oo kaliya by Russia, North Korea iyo Namibia. Labada markaas iyo hadda la'aanta ah ee oggolaanshaha Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan qaraxii NATO ee Yugoslavia (1999), qaar ka mid ah cilmi-baarayaasha iyo haore waxaa loo arkaa caddeyn in dawladda Maraykanka Qoom xadgudbay ah xeerarka sharciga caalamiga ah.

ciidamada NATO

qarax xooggan NATO ee Yugoslavia sannadkii 1999 ka ahayd qayb weyn ka mid ah hawlgalka milatari "Allied Force". Under cirka ah ku dhacay diirada istiraatiiji ah rayidka iyo ciidankaba, waxay ahaayeen gayiga Serbian. Mararka qaarkood soo gaaray meelaha la deggan yahay, oo ay ku jirto caasimada - Belgrade.

Tan iyo markii qarax ee Yugoslavia (1999), natiijooyinka sawirka kaas oo ku fiday dunida oo dhan, ay xulufada tallaabo iyaga oo ku, ka sokow Maraykanka, ka soo qayb galay 13 waddamada kale. Waxaa loo adeegsaday qaar ka mid ah 1,200 diyaaradaha. sidayaal diyaaradaha, quusta weerarka, Cruiser, kuwa ku baabbi'inaya, markab iyo Markabka amphibious weyn - ka duulista, NATO ciidamada lug iyo badda reebo. Hawlgalka ayaa waxaa ka qayb galay 60,000 oo ciidamada NATO.

78 maalmood ee qaraxii sii of Yugoslavia (1999). Photos of dhibanayaasha magaalooyinka Serbian waxaa si weyn loo hirgaliyay saxaafadda. In guud ahaan dalka waxa ay soo martay 35,000 oo diyaaradaha dagalka oo diyaaradaha NATO, oo ku saabsan 23 kun oo gantaalo iyo bambooyinka ah ayaa hoos u dhacay on dalkeeda.

Start hawlgalka

March 24, 1999, diyaarad NATO bilaabay wajigii koowaad ee qaraxii ee Yugoslavia (1999). taariikhda hawlgalka ayaa la isku raacay in sokeeye ka hor. Marka dawladda Milosevic ayaa diiday in ay ciidamadeeda kala baxdo Kosovo, diyaaradaha NATO ayaa lagu riday heegan. dharbaaxo kowaad wuxuu ahaa nidaamka difaaca hawada Yugoslav. Saddex maalmood si buuxda ayay curyaan ah. Iyada oo ay taasi helay diyaaradaha Allied Fadilmo shuruud la'aan hawada. diyaarado Serbian ku dhowaad ma ka tago hangars ay, kaliya weera ah dhowr ah lagu fuliyay markii ugu colaadda.

On 27 March bilaabeen weeraro ay ku kaabayaasha rayidka iyo ciidankaba, oo ay ku jiraan in xarumaha waaweyn ee dadweynaha. Pristina, Belgrade, Uzice, Kragujevac, Montenegro - halkan waxaa ku qoran liiska magaalooyinka in ay saameeyeen qaraxii ugu horeeyay ee Yugoslavia. 1999 arkay wareeg kale oo dhiig ku daatay ee Balkans. Bilowga hawlgalka, Madaxweynaha Ruush Boris Yeltsin in war qoraal ah oo dadweynaha ugu baaqay Bill Clinton in ay joojiso xilli ciyaareedkan. Laakiin saffarro xoog badan xusuustay dhacdo kale. Maalinta diyaaradaha bilaabay duqeeyaan Yugoslavia, ra'iisul wasaaraha Ruush Yevgeny Primakov duulay on booqasho rasmi ah Maraykanka. Ka dib markii barashada ku saabsan wixii ka dhacay Balkans, ayuu faasiqiin jeestay guddiga badan Atlantic ah oo ku soo laabtay Moscow.

ololaha

Dabayaaqadii bishii March, Bill Clinton ayaa kulan la yeeshay sokeeye uu NATO - madaxda Germany, France, Great Britain iyo Italy. Kulanka ka dib, weerar ciidamada ayaa ku soo kordhay. magaalada cusub la duqeeyay Cacak. Isla mar ahaantaana ay ciidamada gaarka ah Yugoslav qabsaday saddex askari oo NATO (waxay wada ahaayeen Americans). Waxay markii dambe la sii daayay.

April 12 diyaaradaha NATO F-15E lahaa bam buundada (iyada oo tareenka u maray). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoos dharbaaxo waxay ahayd tareen in u dhow ahaa oo ay saarnaayeen dad rayid ah (on maanta ee Serbia in ay u dabaal Easter iyo dad badan oo deggan u tagteen inaad qaraabo magaalooyinka kale sii joogo). Sidaas darteed qolofka ku dhacaan lagu dilay 14 qof. Waxa ay aheyd kaliya mid ka mid ah dhacdooyin doqon iyo naxdinta lahaa ololaha.

Qarxintii Yugoslavia (1999), ee gaaban, ayaa la faray in ay wax kasta oo walxaha badan ama ka yar oo muhiim ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, on 22 April, waxaa ku dhacay xarunta dhexe ee xisbiga talada haya ee dalka Socialist Party of Serbia. diyaarado Allied duqeeyay iyo joogitaanka Milosevic ee, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtigaas ma jirin. On April 23, TV-ga ee Belgrade ayaa la burburiyay. Waxaa ku dhintay 16 qof.

qurbaannada nabaadiinada ah ayaa sidoo kale u muuqday ay sabab u tahay isticmaalka of bambooyinka. Marka on May 7 qaraxii ee Nis, waxaa la qorsheeyey in ujeedada ka tagay Airporka doonaa, kaas oo ku taalla duleedka magaalada. Sababo cadda, bambooyin weel furay sare ee hawada, sababtoo ah waxa rasaasta ka duulay meelaha la deggan yahay, oo ay ku jiraan isbitaalada iyo suuqyada. Lagu dilay 15 qof. fadeexad kale oo caalami ah kacay ka dib dhacdada.

On the qarax maalin isku mid si qalad ah ku dhacay Safaaradda Shiinaha ee Belgrade. dhibane u ahaa weerarkan ahaayeen saddex qof. In Shiinaha bilaabay hadalka anti-American. ergooyinka diblomaasiyadeed ee Beijing, dhaawac aad u daran. Against asalka ah dhacdooyinkaan waxay in caasimadda ah ee Shiinaha si deg deg ah soo ururiyey ergooyinka labada dal si ay u degaan fadeexadii. Sidaas darteed, dawladda Maraykanka ayaa ogolaaday inay bixiyaan in ka badan $ 30 million oo magdhow ah.

Strike on safaaradda waxaa lagu sameeyey si qalad ah. NATO ayaa qorsheysey inay qarxiyaan dhismaha deriska la ah, taas oo ahayd gacanta ku Yugoslav ee dhoofinta hubka. Ka dib dhacdada, si firfircoon uga wada hadleen version ah in Mareykanka ay burbureen ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in ay isticmaali map ah dhacsan ee Belgrade. NATO ayaa beeniyay wararka kuwan. Wax yar ka dib dhamaystirka hawlaha ee kornayl Balkans CIA mas'uul ka ah su'aalaha ku saabsan dhulka ee dayuuradaha huwanta, iska casilay markii uu codsi u gaar ah. qaladaad noocan oo kale ah iyo musiibooyin waxaa ka buuxay qaraxii ee Yugoslavia (1999). Sababaha khasaaraha dadka rayidka ah ka dib loo arkaa in maxkamada Hague, halkaas oo ay dhibbanayaasha iyo ehelkooda ayaa xareeyay dacwad badan oo ka dhan ah Mareykanka.

March Ruush in Pristina

Iyadoo qayb ka ah ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Balkans ee 1990 iyo Jirtay in Koox ka Ruush. Waxay ka qayb qaatay dhacdooyinka ee Yugoslavia ee heerka ugu dambeeya ee howlgalka NATO ee. Marka June 10, 1999, Slobodan Milosevic ku heshiiyeen in ay ciidamadeeda kala baxdo Kosovo, wax ku ool ah uu qirtay guuldarro, meesha of military Serbian ee gobolka ku qasbanaadeen in ay qaataan formation of Atlantic Alliance Waqooyiga.

maalin kaliya ka dib, on Habeenka of 11 th ilaa maantadan la th 12, guutada Ruush isku daro ciidamada hawada sameeyay qalliin si ay u qabsadaan Airport International Pristina - caasimadda ah ee gobolka. Ka hor inta paratroopers dhigay gool ay qaataan xarunta gaadiidka ka hor dhigi doonaa ciidamada NATO ee. Hawlgalka ayaa si guul leh u dhameystiray. Iyadoo qayb ka ah ciidamada nabad ilaalinta ahaa Major Yunus-Bek Yevkurov - Madaxweynaha mustaqbalka ee Ingushetia.

khasaare

Ka dib markii qabashada qalliinka ee Belgrade qarka u saaran inuu ku tirin khasaare oo qariyo duqeymo Yugoslavia (1999). khasaaraha dalka ahaayeen weyn ee dhaqaalaha. xisaabaha Serbian ayaa hadalka ku saabsan $ 20 billion. kaabayaasha rayidka Muhiim waxyeeleeyeen. Under rasaasta ku dhuftay buundooyinka, warshado sifeeya saliidda saliid, goobaha warshadaha waaweyn, unugyada awooda. Ka dib markii in, wakhtiga nabadda aan shaqo ku jiray 500 oo kun oo qof oo ku nool Serbia.

Horeba maalmaha ugu horreeya ee hawlgalka waxa ay noqotay war oo ka mid ah dad rayid ah lama huraan. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabo maamulka Yugoslavia ee dalka lagu dilay in ka badan 1,700 oo qof oo rayid ah. 10 kun oo qof ayaa si xun ugu dhaawacmay, kumanaan ka badan waayay guryahoodii, oo a million seerbiyiin tagay oo aan biyo. In madaxda sare ee ciidamada qalabka sida Yugoslav dhinteen in ka badan 500 oo askari. Guud ahaan, waxay hoos u dhacdaa ay xoojiyeen gooni Albanian.

curyaan ah ciidamada cirka Serbian. NATO hawlgalka oo dhan lagu qabtay guud ahaan Fadilmo hawada. Inta badan diyaaradda Yugoslav Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey aan weli dhulka (70 baabuurta). NATO ayaa inta lagu jiro xilli, laba qof ayaa lagu dilay. Waxa uu ahaa shaqaale ee helicopter ah in burburtay inta lagu guda jiro duulimaad tijaabo ah ka gaartay Albania. difaaca hawada Yugoslav hoos u toogtay laba diyaaradaha cadowga, halka duuliye ay saaray kadibna waxa soo gaaray by samatabbixiyeyaasha. Weli diyaarad ku burburtay maanta hayo matxafka. Marka in Belgrade ku heshiiyeen in ay samaynayaan tanaasulaad, waxay qirtay guuldarro, waxa cad in haatan dagaalka lagu guuleystay karaa haddii aan u isticmaalno oo keliya diyaaradaha iyo istaraatijiyad qaraxii ahaa.

faddarayn deegaanka

musiibada dabiiciga ah - waa cawaaqib kale oo halis ah, taas oo keentay in qarax ee Yugoslavia (1999). The dhibanayaasha hawlgalka - ma ahan oo keliya a qolofka dhintay, laakiin sidoo kale dadka soo gaartay khubad hawada. Diyaaradaha duqeeyay aad u muhiim ah ka ah dhaqaale ee view, dhirta kiimikada. Ka dib markii weerar ee jawiga noocaas ah ku jiray Panchevo sunta khatarta ah. Waxay lahaa xarunta chlorine ah, Aashito, alkali iyo wixii la mid. D.

Oil ka taangiyada ay waxyeello fuuleen ku Danube, taas oo keentay in lagu sumoobo ee dhulka ma aha oo kaliya Serbia, laakiin sidoo kale dalalka la jiray hoos durdur oo dhan. tusaale kale waxa uu ahaa isticmaalka ciidamada qalabka sida ee NATO rasaas la uranium Engand. Later, ee ku jirta meelaha ay codsiga laga diiwaan dillaacay cudurada la iska dhaxlo iyo kansarka.

saamaynta siyaasadeed

Iyada oo maalin kasta marayay xaaladda Yugoslavia ka sii darayso. Xaaladahan, Slobodan Miloshevich ku heshiiyeen in ay qaataan qorshaha lagu xaliyo khilaafka, kaas oo uu soo jeediyay NATO qaraxii ka hor. saldhig u ah heshiisyada kuwaas oo ahaa bixitaankii ciidamada Yugoslav ka Kosovo. waagaas oo dhan, dhinaca Maraykanka ku adkeystay. Wakiilada ee Isbahaysiga ayaa sheegay in kaliya ka dib markii tanaasulaad ka Belgrade in uu joojiyo duqaynta Yugoslavia (1999).

# Qaraarka Qaramada Midoobay 1244, oo la ansixiyey maalintii June 10, ugu dambeyntii xididaysan amarka cusub ee gobolka. Beesha caalamka ayaa carabka ku adkeeyay in uu aqoonsan yahay xukunka Yugoslavia. Kosovo ayaa weli ah qayb ka mid ah gobolka, ayaa helay hoosaad ballaaran. ciidanka Albanian ahaa in ay hubka. In Kosovo, waxaa jiray ciidamo nabad, kaas oo ahaa in lala socdo bixinta ammaanka iyo kala dambeynta dadweynaha.

, Ciidanka Yugoslav Sida laga soo xigtay heshiiska uga fogaatay Kosovo on 20 June. Edge, hesho dowlad dhab ah, si tartiib ah u bilaabay inuu ka soo kabsado ka dib markii dagaalka sokeeye dheer. NATO waxa uu qiray in ay howlgalka si guul leh - waayo, sababtan aawadeed, oo waxay bilaabeen qaraxii ee Yugoslavia (1999). daahirintiisa Ethnic joojiyay, inkastoo aan jeclayn ee labada dhinac ay labada shacbi u dhaxeeya waa sii raagayaan. In ka badan sano soo socda, seerbiyiin bilaabay inuu ka tago tirade Kosovo. Bishii Febraayo 2008, hoggaan ku laayeen naadiyey ay xorriyadda ka qaadatay Serbia (Yugoslavia ayaa dhowr sano ka hor ugu dambeyntii laga tirtiray map of Europe). Maanta, Xukunka Kosovo waxay aqoonsan tahay 108 dal. Russia, dhaqan ahaan dusin in booska pro-Serbian, ayaa sheegay in qayb ka laayeen reer Serbia.