Polysaccharide - waxa uu yahay waxan? Isticmaalka polysaccharides iyo macnahooda

Waxaa jira afar fasalo weyn ee walxaha bioorganic kakan: brotiin, dufanka, acids nucleic iyo carbohydrates. Polysaccharides ka tirsan kooxda dambe. Inkastoo magaca "macaan", badankooduse wax ma qabtaan shaqo karinta.

Polysaccharide - waxa uu yahay waxan?

Kooxda walax ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan glycans. Polysaccharide - Britain ayaa ah polymer adag. Waxay ka kooban yahay monomers shaqsi - harta monosaccharide, kuwaas oo la isku daro via dhigaalka glycosidic. Si fudud u gelin, polysaccharide a - Britain ayaa ka harta marka la isku daro ka badan dhisay carbohydrates fudud. Tirada monomers in polysaccharide ku kala duwanaan kartaa tobanaan dhowr boqol ah oo dheeraad ah. Dhismaha polysaccharides wuxuu noqon karaa mid toosan ama jahaysteen.

guryaha jirka

polysaccharides intooda badan waa beelaya ama si liidata L. biyo. Inta badan waxay yihiin midab ama hurdi. Inta badan polysaccharides leeyihiin urta lahayn iyo dhadhamin, laakiin mararka qaarkood waxay noqon kartaa macaan.

The guryaha kiimikada ugu weyn

Waxaa ka mid ah guryaha kiimikada gaar ah hydrolysis polysaccharide wuxuu noqon karaa go'doon iyo formation of taagayo.

• Hydrolysis - habka ah in meel dhexgalka ee carbohydrate biyo ama ka qaybgalka Xoojiya enzyme, sida acids. Inta lagu guda jiro dareen-celin this, polysaccharide ka jabo galay monosaccharides. Sidaas darteed, waxaa la odhan karaa in hydrolysis ee - habka dambe ee polymerization.

istaarijka Glycolysis lagu sheegi karaa by isla'egta soo socda:

• (C ₆ H _{10 5 O) n} + _{n H2O} = n C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆

Sidaas darteed, falcelinta istaarijka biyo ka yar tallaabada of Xoojiya aan heli glucose. Tirada u taagoo biyo noqon doonaa si siman u xaddiga monomers sameeyay Britain istaarijka.

• Waxbarashada laga dheefay karaa reactions of polysaccharides la acids. Xaaladdan oo kale, carbohydrates ku xiran yihiin naftooda ku harta acid, taasoo keentay in formation of sulfates, acetates, phosphates iyo sida D. ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, lifaaqa dhici kara harta methanol, taasoo keentay in formation of esters.

Doorka noolaha

Polysaccharides ee gacanta iyo u shaqeeyo oofin karin hawlaha soo socda:

• ilaalinta;
• oo dhisme ah;
• in stock,
• tamarta.

Shaqada difaaca ugu horrayn waa in polysaccharide derbiyada unug ka kooban yihiin noolaha. Sidaas darteed, derbiga unug oo dhirta ka kooban cellulose, fangaska - ka chitin, bakteeriyada - ka murein.

Waxaa intaa dheer, shaqo ay ku nabadgeli karaan polysaccharides ee jidhka bini'aadamka waxaa lagu qeexay in xaqiiqda ah in taaganyihiin bir qarsoon ku hodanaynta kuwaas carbohydrates, kaas oo ay ilaaliyaan darbiyada xubnaha sida caloosha, xiidmaha, hunguriga, iyo D. hawomareenno t. From magdhow farsamo iyo wax lays bakteeriyada pathogenic.

Shaqada dhismaha polysaccharides in gacanta been in xaqiiqda ah in ay qayb ka mid ah xuub plasma yihiin. waxay sidoo kale ka kooban oo ka mid ah xuubka of organelles.

feature Next waa in noolaha walxaha reserve weyn ee saxda ah waa polysaccharides. Animal iyo fangaska waa glycogen. In dhirta polysaccharide reserve waa noqde.

function dambe ku muuqata in xaqiiqda ah in polysaccharide - waa ilaha muhiimka ah ee tamarta ee unugyada. waxaa bax gacanta carbohydrate laga yaabaa in ay qaybsama galay monosaccharides iyo qayilo dheeraad ah si carbon dioxide iyo biyo. Celcelis ahaan, cholesterol hal garaam ee gacanta polysaccharide helo 17.6 KJ tamarta.

Isticmaalka polysaccharides

Waxyaabahani waxaa si ballaaran loo adeegsado warshadaha iyo daawo. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin soo saaray in laboratories by polymerization of carbohydrates fudud.

The polysaccharides inta badan la isticmaalo waa noqde, cellulose, dextrin, Haagaar-Haagaar.

Hadda waxaad ogaan polysaccharides waxa, kaas oo ay isticmaali, waxa ay kaalin ee jirka, waxa jidhka iyo kiimikaad waxay hantiyi.