Pablo Neruda: A kooban Biography, gabayada iyo hal-abuur. GBOU lyceum № 1568kii loo magacaabay Pablo Neruda

Ilya Ehrenburg yeedhay Abwaan ninka farxada badan dunida. Iyada oo bayaan in cod weyn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, aad xitaa ku heshiin karaan. Ka dib markii Neruda intii uu noolaa ayaa waxaa loo arkaa hantida qaarada American ah Latin. In USSR ah, waxa ay sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa jeclahay. Top Translators shaqeeyay on qoraalka uu. Ma doonaysaa in aad wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan ogayn? Markaas akhri maqaalkan.

Nolosha dhaw ee Pablo Neruda waa hodan ku ah dhacdooyinka dibadda. Wuxuu ku dhashay Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basualto - kanuna waa magaca dhabta ah ee Abwaan - magaaladii Parral, in qayb ka mid dhexe ee Chile. Dhacdadani waxa ay dhacday July 12, 1904.

asalka ah ee Abwaan

Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa kaari tareenada ah - waxaa la socday tareen ku raran quruurux. Oo hooyadiis u dhintay cudurka qaaxada bil dabadeed wiilkii. Aabbaha guursatay iyo qoyska u dhaqaaqay magaalada Temuco, kaas oo wax yar waa in koonfureed. Waxaa wiilka ku koray. Pablo Neruda ceshan xusuus mahadisaan ee aayo ka. Waxa uu ku qoray in ay ahayd nooc ka mid ah iyo naag tur qabtay kaftan ridayeen ah. Waxay ahayd si joogto ah fussed iyo qaatay daryeelka ee qof kasta.

Waxbarashada at Lycée ah

In 6 sano, ilmaha waa la qaatay dugsiga sare. Tartiib tartiib, Pablo Neruda uu xiiseynayo reading, waxaan bilaabay in uu iska koobanahay. gabayo ugu horaysay la daabacay wargeysyada, halka weli ardayda Lyceum ah. Waxay ahayd markaa in naaneesta waxa uu ku dhashay - iyagoo isku dayaya inay qariyaan casharada gabay aabbihiis, kuwaas oo arkay iyagoo Jidka neuspevaniya ina chronic xisaabta ka. Magaca loo doortay hoos kicisay ee xilligan - Pablo jeclaa mid ka mid ah sheekooyinka ee Classics Czech ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay Yana Nerudy, iyo wiilka ma ay garan walaaca iyo noqdo Neruda. Later magacan waxaa loo hayaa isaga for by fal rasmi ah - waxaa la mid ah in baasaboorka.

First Prize, ururinta ugu horeysay

At wejiga dhammaadka nin dhalinyaro ah uu u dhaqaaqay Santiago galeen Institute koriska ah, kuwaas oo ahaa at University Moscow ee. Halkanna wuxuu bartay English iyo French. Markaas Pablo Neruda ku guuleystay abaalmarinta ugu horeysay ee ay gabay la yiraahdo "Holiday Song" in tartan ardayga. A 19-sano jir ah Neruda ahaa qoraaga of ururinta gabayada "Collection of Qorrax u dhac," kharashka wax soo saarka ee uu isagu kaga iibiso hanti raxiimka bixisay. Xataa markaas u muujiyey dabeecad gabay duufaan - Neruda xusuusannaa in uu u qoray in 2, 3, 4 iyo xataa 5 gabayo ah maalin kasta. Asal ahaan waxa uu ahaa a gabayada dhaqatada, ardayga iyo imitative. Laakiin weli cod gabay jilicsan ma faragelin dhali fikrad aad u fiican, kaas oo noqday credo farshaxanka. Pablo Neruda qoray in uu doonayo in uu noqdo gabayaa, taasoo dabooli lahaa in uu shaqada sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah. Waxa uu doonayay inuu ku milmaan dhacdooyinka, hamiday, dabeecadda iyo nin, iyo in waxan oo dhan ayaa la sheegay in xiriirka.

Sanadihii kuwa la mid ah, Neruda lagu rakibay hawlaha siyaasadeed, ku qor article wargeyska ku saabsan arrimaha bulshada, ka qayb shaqada ururada shaqaalaha iyo bulshada ardayga.

Qunsulka, safarka

Galaan koorso buuxda ee machadka, Neruda waa degdeg ugu jirin inuu ku soo bilowdo nolosha shaqada. Muddo dheer isku dayaya in ay ka heli wax kasta oo post diblomaasiyadeed, iyo ugu dambeyntii in 1927 uu qunsulka noqday ee Rangoon, ee caasimadda Burma. Tani "shaqo" (wuxuu xusuustaa wixii uu haystay oo saddex bilood oo kaliya si ay u fuliyaan waajibaadka rasmiga ah) lagu magacaabi karaa sinecure ah, haddii ay si fiican u-bixisay, laakiin saaxiibka si joogto ah gabayayaashiinnu dhallinyarada - saboolnimada - ma sidoo gudbin. Neruda markaas wareejiyay Ceylon (hadda - Sri Lanka), waxa uu sidoo kale booqday Shiinaha, Japan, Argentina, iwm East hodan aragtida dunida, siinta shuqullada caalamiyeen Neruda ee, mid ka mid ah ayaa dhihi kara - .. hagto, taas oo caan ku gabayaa baaluq.

"Daganaanshada - Earth"

Waxa diyaariyey dareenkaa ka helay by buugga la odhan jiray, oo muujinaya views kuwan: "daganaanshada - Earth". Waxay u soo baxay ee 1935, markii Neruda hore u kasbatay ah qunsulka Chile bartii Madrid. Ka dibna, Abwaan yeeri this collection, oo waxay isagii u keeneen warkii uu buugga waxaa ka buuxsamay brushwork qadhaadh iyo runta nolosha. article Friendly jawaabay Gabriela Mistral, waxay aragtay in muuqaalada lahjadeed mucayan ah qaranka "shacuurta daran Neruda". Waxaa loo adeegsaday in hab buuggan si lama filaan ah u dhiirran, associativity loo aabo yeelin Neruda hayaa mustaqbalka.

doorbidida Siyaasadda iyo saamaynta ay

Tan iyo bilowgii Spanish Civil War Neruda ee ku hawlan la dagaalanka siyaasadeed dhinaca Jamhuuriga, ayuu qoray wargayska ururinta gabayada "Spain ee wadnaha". Dowladda Chile ayaa loo arkaa dhaqanka sida aan waafaqsanayn post diblomaasiyadeed oo isaga wareejiyo post ee qunsulka in Paris. By markii ugu disorder waa markii ay ka tageen, oo hore u gabayaa caan iibsataa ee Chile, 150 kiiloomitir u jirta magaalada, villa hodan "Isla Negra" (Black Island).

Neruda noqday shuuciga ah

Uu tacsiyadaynaynaa siyaasadeed waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo bedelay - 1945 uu ku biiray xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Chile, iyo tan iyo 1959 waa xubin ka mid ah golaha dhexe ay. Waayo, Latinos, dareenka noocaas ah waa wax caadi ah. Sababaha backwardness siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ee dalalka ay ka arkaan in nidaamka bulshada iyo kuwa xaqa daran, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo xalka dhibaatooyinka degdeg ah u eegay oo kaliya iyada oo loo marayo isbedel bulsho. Waayo, shaqsiyaddeenna Neruda ayaa sidoo kale aan la aqbali karin. Qeybta hoose ee Nobel, waxa uu sheegay in uu u doortay jidka adag, oo kala qaybinaya dadka mas'uulka ka, iyo cibaadada shakhsiga sida xarunta of caalamka, ka jecel yahay ciidan badan oo ka mid ah adeegga kuwa is-hoosaysiiya, kuwaas oo mararka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan qaldo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku fiicnaa hore ugu sii socoto.

Isla mar ahaantaana waxa ku gacansaydhay shaqsiyaddeenna, jiidatay by fikradda ah geesiga. In uu hoos u sano Neruda xusuusannaa in dhinaca mugdiga ah ee markii ugu of nidaam shakhsiyadda aan la saaray uu maanka image ee Stalin, isaga qudhiisu nin adag, "Titanic gargaare" kacaanka ee Russia. Laga soo bilaabo xaaladaha weheliyay in this "ilaalinta Titanic," Neruda ka fog labadaba gaar ah oo aan la beddelo nuxurka u soo jeestay. Sidaas daraaddeed wuxuu ku hadhay ilaa dhamaadka.

Shaqeeyaan post ee Senator, horyaalka Argentina

Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu duwanyihiin in Biography ee Neruda la xidhiidha muddada post-dagaal. In ololaha doorashada 1947 ka in uu taageerayo musharaxnimada ee Gonzalez Videla, ma skimp on ballankii. Waxa uu noqday Madaxweynaha Chile, iyo Neruda loo doortay Senator a. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dhaqanka Latin American xumaa, Videla in ay awood u yimid, wuxuu bilaabay cadaadis weyn ee taageerayaasha hore, oo ay ku jiraan Communists ah. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, Neruda sameeyey Senate la hadalka af kaas oo, haddii aan laga fogaadaa theatricality, ayaa sheegay in "J'accuse!" Sida mar Zola. Hal bil ka dib, waxaa uu ahaa go'aan uu qabtay. Waxaan u lahaa si ay u tagaan ku dhuunto, ka dibna la qalay xoolo drover, ordaya Buuraha Argentina marayo. Life dibedda waxaa ka buuxsamay safarada in dalal kala duwan, ka qaybgalka Congress Adduunka of Peace, oo sidaas.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

In 1969, Neruda u sharaxan doorashada ee Chile, laakiin waxa uu ku qaadato ay guushu ku Salvador Allende. Iyadoo guusha Neruda la soo dhaafay noqdo Ambassador of Chile ee France, waxay u barto in abaalmarinta Nobel Prize isaga. Laakiin ciidamada cudur halis ah Abwaan inay dib u laabtaan. Wuxuu ku geeriyooday isbitaalka iyo nawaaxigeeda 12 maalmood ka dib markii dowladda ku daatay afgambi (23 September 1973).

Oswald

Waxa xiiso leh in ku dhawaad 40 sano uu dhintay ka dib, si jidhka ayaa la kulantay Oswald ayaa ku. Its Ujeedada ahaa si aad u ogaato sababaha dhabta ah taas oo horseeday in geerida Abwaan. Xaqiiqada ah in Nobel ee xaalad dahsoon dhintay. Waxa uu ku dhintay 12 maalmood ka dib markii afgambiga milatari qabtay awoodda Chile. shahaadada dhimashada ayaa sheegay in sababta keentay waxaa ka mid ah u adeegay sidii kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'. Laakiin saaxiibo u marag furay in saacado yar ka hor geeridiisa, Neruda hadlay si madax bannaan u guurto, waxay ahayd in jinni oo wanaagsan. Uu dhintay ka yimid muday, laga sameeyey xaggiisa isbitaalka ka dib. , Qabto sanadkii 2011, falanqaynta xaqiijiyay gunaanaday kor loogu bixiyey by dhakhaatiirta.

abuurka Falanqaynta Neruda

In ka sano guudahaan, Neruda weli wax badan oo qoraal ah. Dhammaantiis, kolkaasay iyagu abuurmaan 40 buugaagta oo kala duwan, aan waxba soo noqnoqda. Uu gabay waxa loo bedelaa afaf badan (Talyaani Salvatore Quasimodo waxaa turjumay), ayaa dunida oo dhan ku guuleystay aqoonsi, laakiin uu si joogto ah oo ay la socdaan sumcad gabayaa ee, laga yaabee cajiib ah, laakiin sidoo kale "xad-dhaaf ah", fowdo, aan hagaagsanayn. Neruda u muuqdaan kuwo laga yaabaa bartey aad u adag, waxaa ku dhow heer hoose ah, aad u nugul in hadalkiisaa iyo verbosity, ee gaaban, Abwaan, kuwaas oo uu mudnaanta la dafiri karin muu buuxin shuruudaha dhadhanka caadi suugaanta. Waxaa sidaas u muuqdeen in ay dhaleecayn badan oo Pablo Neruda.

Responses isaga ku saabsan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha sidaas cad. Dhaleeceyn digayaa in fasiraadda ee kor ku xusan ee shaqo ee Neruda waa qayb ahaan sabab u tahay turjumaad: dib u dhiska shuqulladiisa in a xubno af shisheeye, heysatay by noocyo kale oo ku ladhan - dhibaatada kakanaanta gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dunida Isbanishka ku hadla, gabayada waxa ay inta badan dareen isku dhaf ah oo cuncun iyo jaceylka. Juan Ramon Jimenez dagaalka ka hor loo yaqaan Neruda ma aha oo kaliya sida a "Abwaan xun weyn". Later uu yareeysay muddadii lagu xukumay ah, isagoo sheegay in gabayada Spanish-American baahsan laftiisa ku muujinayaa in uu wajiga, iyada oo nuugo wareegga dabiiciga ah, iyo Metamorphosis dhimashada iyo nolosha soo jireenka ah ee xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee aad u of qaaradda.

Contemporary Laatiin America waxaa loo yaqaan "qaarad ay jiraan da 'kasta." Waxay dhacaan iyo gabayada is burinaya, sal-adeeein Pablo Nerudy, taas oo, sida ku xusan suugaanta, waxaa ka go'an inay u dhamaanshaha iyo Tacaddi xanuunka degtey, in la taago galay moolka dheer fikirka mythological oo waxaa ka buuxda nolosha maalin kasta ee maanta.

Tarjumada Pablo Neruda ee Ruush

Waxaa xusid mudan in dhammaan turjumaadaha ka mid ah gabayo of Abwaan luuqada Ruushka waa mid aad sax ahayn, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in iyaga u taliya shaqeeyay turjumaanimo ugu fiican. Xaqiiqada ah in Neruda loo isticmaalo qaab adag ee qoraal - mijana ma, dheer khadadka galgaloolan, mid aad u adag si ay u fuliyaan. Khubaro badan in la simi Aayado, iyaga beddelay mijana dhaqanka. In beerta this gaar ahaan kala duwanaayeen Margarita Aguilar oo Ilya Ehrenburg. Pablo turjubaan ugu fiican shuqulladiisa tixgeliyo Pavla Glushko qudhiisa. Laakiin waxa uu noqon karaa qalad ah. Ka dib markii Neruda ma hantidaan af Ruush.

Russia waxaa soo bandhigeysa xiisaha sii kordhaya ee shaqada Abwaan this. Tani waa caddaynta ku xaqiiqada ah in uu sharaf u yeedheen hay'adaha waxbarashada iyo dhaqanka. TUSAALE gobollada kale qaadataa Moscow.

Sanadkii 1568kii, Lyceum magacaabay Pablo Neruda

In caasimadda, 17 January 2006 Lyceum la furay, loo magacaabay in sharaf of Abwaan. Lyceum 1568kii Pablo Neruda - hay'ad waxbarasho ee gobolka, taas oo waa la fuliyay tababarka qoto-dheer ee ku edbiyo ardayda cilmiga farsamada iyo dabiiciga ah. Hay'adaan waxaa degan in darajayn ee caasimadda ah ee dugsiyada meesha hadda 16aad. Lyceum magacaabay Pablo Neruda 1568kii heshay guul ay xayawaanka Grant Duqa Magaalada Moscow (2011-12 iyo 2012-13.). More dhawaan, in 2013, dugsigu waxaa habayn - si ay u fuliyaan la midoobeen dugsiyada tirada 233, lambarka 307, lambarka 1237, iyo sidoo kale tirada xannaanooyinka ee 1606dii, tirada 1880, tirada 1255, tirada 2145, tirada 1928.

Maanta GBOU Lyceum magacaabay Pablo Neruda 1568kii, waxaa loogu talagalay dadka doonaya in ay si dhab ah galaan cilmiga dabiiciga ah (chemistry, physics), xisaabta iyo nidaamo injineernimada (sayniska, akhriska). Waa kuwan waxyaabaha muuqaal. Waxay ka baran kartaa si qoto dheer, ku qorayso dugsiga sare Pablo Neruda. At casharada muhiimka ah waxbarasho wax ku ool ah, fasalka u qaybsan yahay laba ama saddex kooxood. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay ka kooban tahay 10-15 dadka. Ardayda dhigata dugsiga sare ee 1568kii iyaga. Pablo Neruda, fadhiisto at miisaska ay waxyaalahan ka mid waqti iyo sidaas darteed si wanaagsan awoodaan si uu u nuugo wax prepodnosimye on. Intaa waxaa dheer, si loo caddeeyo arrimo adag oo dheeraad ah waxbarasho ee maadooyinka taacliinta oo abaabulan xulasho iyo la-talin lacag la'aan ah oo qoto dheer. Kuwa doonaya in ay ku qor magaca dugsiga sare ee Pablo Nerudy, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad gudubto imtixaanka laga galo, oo dhex mari wareysi. Currently, tababarka ayaa la fuliyaa ka fasalka 5aad ilaa 11-ka. Furitaanka oo ka mid ah hawlaha diyaarinta kuwa doonaya inay isku qoraan dugsiga sare ama hesho aqoon dheeraad ah oo buuxda oo dhab ah. Pablo Neruda School deeqsinimo iyaga qaybsada carruurta ka walaacsan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dugsiga sare ma aha oo kaliya in caasimada magaca Abwaan weyn loo yaqaan. Waxaa kaloo jira maktabad Pablo Nerudy (Tirada 62). Waxay ku taalaa ee ul. Iaroslavskaia, 13, guryaha 1 (Metro ENEA). maktabadda mid kale magiciisa - № 187, ee ku taalla Prospect Mira, 180. All this soo jeedisay in dalkeena waa jiraan xiiso weyn ee qofku shakhsiyadiisu iyo hal-abuur.