Noocyada iyo muuqaalada chrysanthemums daryeelka

Class calycerales bipartite subclass Asteridy nidaamka, qoyska Asteraceae (Asteraceae), BAHDDA ah Asteraceae, warshad dilka ah ama sannadlaha ah - oo dhan bamam. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in beerta sida a dabayaaqadii-warshad qiimo leh, oo waa dhaqan srezochnyh keentay, darajada labaad ka dib markii Rose ee dadka.

Taariikhda "Golden Flower"

In dhaqanka Chinese - suugaanta, rinjiyeynta, calaamad ubax waa muhiim. Si aad u badbaaday helo qaddiimiga ah - dheri leh image of chrysanthemums, kaas oo 2500 sano. Aristocracy kaymo ah noocyada yar oo chrysanthemums markaas caddayn uu sharaf leh dhalashada.

inflorescences Golden-jaalle ah, kaas oo ku dhow yihiin ma kala duwan yihiin duurjoogta ah ayaa la isticmaalay ma ahan oo keliya sida madaxtooyada a, laakiin sidoo kale sida dhirta, daawooyinka iyo la cuni karo.

In muuqaalka qorshee noocyada caanka ah ee chrysanthemums cagaaran, sawirada kuwaas oo halkan wakiil.

Iyada oo bamam Chinese xidhxidhaan hannaanka ay taswiiro. Yellow - astaan farxad ah degan. Bamam in uu baraf - iska caabin ah oo keligiis Qolol. Shiinaha ayaa go'aansaday in la siiyo fasaxa sawiro noocyada kala duwan ee chrysanthemums sida calaamad oo ah xoolo iyo faro badan rabitaanka.

In VII ee bamam aan si Japan, halkaas oo ay calaamad u noqday gobolka rasmi yimid. "Kiku" - qorraxda, sidaas Japanese ah u wac. Tent Ba'an, kuwaas oo had iyo jeer ku jira sawirka 16, wakiil fallaaraha qorraxda ee, kaas oo ku siin nolosha. Kiku - waa calaamad ka mid ah Ilaah xooggiisu, socdeyba iyo farxad, calaamad kasta oo kaamil ah.

In qarnigii XVIII ah bamam helaa taageerayaasha ay Europe iyo America.

Karl Linney, aasaasihii ah nidaamka qoondaynta ee dhammaan nolosha on Earth, ayaa loo xilsaaray magaca ubaxa bamam, taas oo ka soo hab Greek tarjumay "ubax oo dahab ah."

magaca noocyada iyo bamam noocyo sanado dheer oo shaqada taranta ayaa u kordhay.

Muddo dheer, breeders ka jeclaan noocyo badan oo ubaxyo. Haddaba qaar badan oo ka koray bamam Korean ama beerta hybrid.

bamam Description

Rhizomes waxaa jahaysteen, awgii, ku yaal at qoto dheer ah 25 cm Waxaa loo sameeyay stolons dhulka hoostiisa -. Caleemaha dhinaca elongated, kuwaas oo soo koraya gaaban afkoda la caleemo. Caleemaha u simanahay aniga, inta badan jahaysteen, height ah 25 ilaa 150 cm. Caleemo waxaa dissected, siman ama xaad.

ubax Ligulate dambiilo ku ogaado qaabka of biqilka. Description iyo noocyada kala duwan ee chrysanthemums bandhigay Qoondaynta Caalamiga ah ee Institute Dresden ee Beeraha. Kala qaybiyaa 2 kooxood - fudud iyo Terry. Kooxuhu waxay u qaybsan yihiin markeeda galay fasalada. Group of chrysanthemums fudud ka mid ah 3 fasalada - nemahrovye, double iyo anemone. By Terry waa daah laaban, guri, hemispherical, spherical, kuweyga, pompons, paukovidnye.

Dhammaan noocyada casriga ah kala qaybsan yihiin:

• large-- markii ay ka saareen ku hari dhinaca awood u sameynta dhexroor inflorescence 1 ilaa 30 cm;

• buketnye (jahaysteen) - leeyihiin qaab a la dambiilood oo geedka weyn (10-20 cm);

• Ghadafi;

• madaxtooyada - isticmaalaya qaabab kala duwan oo la xirrira, gaadho buketnye ama foomka waaweyn-.

Chrysanthemums ku tiirsan yihiin dhererka badallo. badallo Long caawisaa dhiso mass daaqsinka ah ee dhirta, gaaban - 14 saacadood, si weynna u kobcay inflorescence ah. Silnochuvstvitelnye iyo srednechuvstvitelnye in dhigaha ee kala duwan maalin waxaa koray in lagu koriyo. kala duwan oo dhexdhexaad ah waa ku haboon yahay dhul furan.

Waqtiga kala duwan ubax waa distinguished:

• hore - Bloom ka August si October,

• srednepozdnie - ka October in November,

• ka dib - bishii November iyo December.

Ubax ee dhulka u furan fidiyaa si dhaxan ugu.

kala duwan oo rajo leh

Beeralayda loo yaqaan 2 chrysanthemums kooxo - Indian iyo Korean. Chrysanthemums (noocyada farabadnaa adkaysi u heerkulka qabow iyo ku haboon yihiin sii kordhaya ee dhulka ah galmo) ma aha baqay inuu dhaxan iftiin.

Description iyo noocyada kala duwan ee chrysanthemums, balanqaaday in ay koraan in jawiga qoraxda, hoose lagu arki karaa:

1. Aissa - sort of ubax hore, nemahrovy. Ubax waa midabka salmon cirro leh, 5 cm dhexroor.

2. nalalka Evening - nooc ka mid ah waddada. inflorescences waxay leeyihiin kala guurka ah ee midab ka cas hodan ah inuu huruud at geesaha xarunta.

3. Koreyanochka - blooms naqo ka July ilaa dhammaadka September dambiilood orange iftiinka.

4. Malchish-Kibalchish - ubax guduudan oo dhalaalaya kaalinta on a is haysta, geedka spherical. ubax Hore.

5. Ametustos - beddelayo midabka leh pink-jaalle ah ee July ee pink Xiddig lfi lagana bishii October ee.

6. Svetozar - ubax caanno-cad, Terry. Dhexe-fasal.

7. Xeen oo dhibicyo - on baadiyaha columnar badan oo ubaxyo mugdi-orange la Tent huruud ah af leh, 4 cm dhexroor.

8. Qalcaddayda - fasalka Joojinta. Waxaa blooms naqo ilaa dambiilood oo huruud madow dhaxan.

9. chrysanthemums fasalka Ampelnye Morifolium Cascade bixisaa yar, sida daisies iyo ubaxyo.

10. Alec Bedser - waa kaymo dhulka ah lagu xanaaneeyo. Bloom ee September ubax hal hurdi cream-leh midab, ballaciisu yahay ee 14 cm.

Bamam caleemo saaray cuntada - warshad sanadle ah. Waxaa loo adeegsaday in cuntada sida il of vitamins, minerals, iyo walxaha bayoloji firfircoon. Bamam caleemo saaray ayaa caraf udgoon jilicsan iyo dhadhan basbaas. In cuntada tagaa mass cagaaran ee dhirta. Sida ay content ee dhismaha antioxidant uu u dhigmo xididka ginseng. morifolium bamam (noocyada, noocyo iyo Beelaha) waxaa lagu beerayaa in lagu koriyo.

Natiijada doorashada la noocyo badan oo kala duwan in qaabka iyo midabka of inflorescences, on the waqtiga iyo muddada ubax.

Shuruudaha xaaladaha sii kordhaya

Bamam, noocyada iyo noocyo ka mid ah jecel si fiican dilaacday leh compost ama mullein qalalan ciidda wax yar ka acidic. uma dulqaadan karo waterlogging. On humus xad-dhaafka ah dilaacday si firfircoon kordhaya xubnaha daaqsinka, ubax dilaacda. Waxa uu korayo si wanaagsan on sariiraha sare, shiday meel diiran.

wax beerto ee foomka of gooyn rujin waxaa lagu beeray ciid ah dhamaadka dhaxan - in May iyo June. collar xididka waxaa la dhigayaa on heerka dhulka ku. Waayo, laga beerto shuqullada doorashada jeer meeldhexaadka ah ee maalintii ama maalmaha daruuro madow. Just beeray hoy bamam ka shiraac qorraxda. Maalintii ugu horraysay ka saar dhibic sii kordhaysa - dhigi jiidona ugu horeysay. inteysan Next in 2 todobaad - baxay qaybta sare biqil ka.

Chrysanthemums Bloom hore haddii si loo abuuro iyaga for dimming ka 18 saacadood ilaa 8 am. Waxyaalo faro badan ka waraabin jireen in cimilada qalalan iyo inta lagu guda jiro koritaanka biqil.

daryeelka

2-3 sano aan la abuuri karaa on goob isku mid ah dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee chrysanthemums. Iyo daryeelka substrate waa in dhamaystiran. In ciidda waa la dhimay siin nafaqo iyo halista cudurka muuqataa. Oo bisha kowaad ee formation ah xoogan ee baadiyaha ah - warshad u baahan tahay soo fuqday ciidda ah. Ka hor dhalashada ka mid ah ay duurka ku hari marka hore ka waraabin jireen 3 jeer toddobaadkii. Ku walaaqaya ilaaliya bamam ka dhanka ah cayayaanka iyo cudurada fangas. Isticmaalka sida irbadaha geed walaaqaya iyo jilif iyo xoolo ama caws engegan oo kale.

Waxaad u baahan tahay in la sameeyo inta lagu jiro xagaaga quudinta 3 - ka hor ka gaysashada bilowga ah ee ka gaysashada iyo muddo ubax xaqse.

Si aad u hesho baadiyaha ah xaqse xidhin afkoda. Jiidona waa la fuliyay in bisha June. In dhirta ubaxa badan oo caleemaha dhinaca la saaraa, bixinta koritaanka weyn. In badan oo-ka tago 1 ama 2 caws.

wintering

Noocyo Qaar ka mid ah bamam Korean si fiican loo dulqaatay in xilliga qaboobaha ee dhulka ku furan meelaha qalalan. Wintering on ciidda qoyan yahay dhaawici ubaxa. Chrysanthemums dhigi sare ama hooseeyo, manjooyin xididka iyo hilling. Markaas gabbashada laamaha gran. Waxaa laga dabooli karaa by sanduuqyo alwaax iyo bustayaal jir ah u duub ugu sareeya. Iyadoo Bilowgii hore ee guga ka saari jir ah afkoda iyo caleemaha. caleemaha dhinaca dhulka hoostiisa mara ubaxa siin doonaa nolol cusub.

jiilaalka bamam Large-thermophilic qol dhalaalaya leh heerkul ah 5-7 ° C. sanduuqyada waxaa lagu dhejiyay dhirta cut sare. Iyada oo agaa of jeermiska dhexdhexaad ah ka waraabin jireen.

dhalmo

Seeds lagu beeray, in dhulka qoyan xilliga qaboobaha goor dambe. Kula saydhaa leh dhulka muhiim ma aha in - abuur ah Gagaab, iftiinka ayaa. The caleemaha helay la dhigay oo dheryay ku, ciidda lagu beeray May, in ceelasha.

Marka gooyn of ay duurka, makaanka cultivars soo xulay. Dayrta jaray gooyn stem waxaa lagu beeray in sanduuqyada iyo kaydiyaa ugu horeysay ee kulaylka 10 maalmood, waraabinta dhexdhexaad ah. Markaas dhigay qol qabow. Spring oo xididdada ka muuqan farcankaaga Boodaynin, kuwaas oo qaadan gooyn for faafinta. Si aad u hesho gooyn geed mnogostebelny ah ayaa bilaabay in ay goosato ka March in ay April. Laga soo bilaabo May ilaa June, kaydsato wax for kordhaya dhirta waaweyn-odnostebelnyh.

Inta lagu jiro isku dhufashada qeybi baadiyaha qodo guga, disassembled burburi iyo beeray in meel cusub. Intaa waxaa dheer, jeermiga kasta uu leeyahay iyo xididdadiisa. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay kala qaybiyaan baadiyaha iyo beeran soo baxay 3 sano oo kasta. Waxa uu leeyahay saamayn togan ku ubax.

Cayayaanka iyo cudurada

miridhku White waxaa sababa noole ah Puccinia horiana, taas oo ku xiran yahay karantiil. On caleemaha muuqan dhibco cad, taas oo ka dibna soo jeedin brown. caleemaha jiran yihiin. Plant jireyso in ay ubaxyada.

Saamaynta fangaska anamorphic keenaya kaalinta caleen iyo stem.

Burooyinkoodii iyo inflorescences saameeyeen Alternaria.

thrips California, malabiso hothouse, ridaysa caaro Dhibayn chrysanthemums in lagu koriyo iyo in xaaladaha dhul furan.

virus mahrajaan Cucumber loo kala qaado by faafinta daaqsinka. Baxdey leh dhibco cagaaran iftiin dhiman iyo dhaco. In la sameeyo lahayo ku dhirta iyo kii cilin.

Si loola cayayaanka iyo fangaska isticmaalaya fungicides iyo cayayaanka ay ku xereen.

Root-gunti nematode - cayayaan khatar ah. waxaa inta badan dagaal noqonin mid horseeda in guusha. beeralayda khibrad ku talineynaa kor u qodaya duurka cudurka iyo gubi.

Waxaad isticmaali kartaa daawooyinka dad si loo xakameeyo cayayaanka. Haddii aphid ma la rijeynaya in tiro badan, duurka lagu maydhay biyo saabuun leh.

toon natiijada shawladda Good siinayaa 50 g of jajabiyey toon 1 koob oo biyo ah waa in lagu shubo. 30 daqiiqo, filter iyo dar 800 ml oo biyo ah ka dib markii. 1.5 koob oo laga soosaaray walaaqo baaldi biyo ah iyo ku daatay oo ay duurka.

Laga soo cayayaanka iyo cudurada aan la dhaqaajin karin oo aan ka tallaabooyin ka hortag ah:

1. loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo site a Qodis dayrta oo qoto dheer - wintering dirxiga iyo pupae lagu dilay.

2. Haramaha baabbi'iyo ma aha oo kaliya in ay soo socda ubax iyo in lagu koriyo, laakiin sidoo kale oo dhan goobta.

3. Jeermiska oo dhan Qalabka beerta iyo dhismaha lagu koriyo ah.

All caleemaha dhacday duurka u baahan tahay si ay u gubaan.

bamam geed-

ma koritaanka caadiga ah ee guriga ama ubax balakoonka u baahan tahay wax badan oo qorraxda. heerkulka si mug leh 15 ° C. Noocyada geed- chrysanthemums koraan si fiican on Peat leh aysidhka hooseeyo. Halabuurka The ciidda for potting ka mid ah garoonka oo humus ciidda, digada la gubo iyo 20% ciid.

Qaabka loo beerista:

• 2-3 toddobaad ka yar iftiinka maalinta oo dhan ah ee t 20 ° C,

• marka la badallo soo gaabisay in ay 12 saacadood iyo t loo dhigi 18-20 ° C, ubax bilaabmaa.

Waa hagaag u waraabiyey iyo buufiyaa. ubaxa sii kordhaya baahan xubin weelal waaweyn. nooc kasta oo chrysanthemums in la abuuri karaa sida qol ah. Noocyada beerista indoor of chrysanthemums oo dheryay ku waa ka wanaagsan in sredneroslye - ilaa 50 cm, madaxtooyada iyo melkotsvetnye.

Sii kordhaya ee lagu koriyo

Weynaaday in lagu koriyo oo siyaabo kala duwan:

1. gooyn ka soo bilawga kulaylka wareejiyo galay sanaadiiqda lagu beeray dhulka u furan. Dhammaadka dhirta ubax waxaa lagu beeray oo dheryay ku. Markaasuu u soo diray inuu koriyo for ubax dheeraad ah.

2. gooyn rujin lagu dhex beeray karaa oo dheryay ku. Marka shanta hablood dheryihii baadiyaha u baahan tahay mugga weyn. Ku xoortay geedihii beeray koriyo oo degdeg ah, Goldogob dhulka u furan.

3. koritaanka Dedejiyey ku salaysan doorashada ee kala duwan, oo la tixgelinayo ah sifooyinka nafleyda ee noocyada. Inta lagu jiro koritaanka daaqsinka la badallo waa inuu ugu yaraan 14 saacadood, t 18-20 °. In formation of maalinta ku hari soo gaabisay in ay 10 saacadood heerkulka ahaa yareeyo 10 °.

Iyadoo technology this Bloom karaa in 2-3 sano. Si aad u hesho wax soo saarka ubaxa in qaab dhismeedka waqti ee la doonayo ee sii kordhaya oo dhan cayn kasta oo chrysanthemums loo baahan yahay in lagu koriyo si fiican u qalabaysan, halkaas oo cimilada la nidaamiyo, dimming ama ay duurka elektrodosvechivanie heer qoyaan loo baahan yahay.

midabo kala duwan yihiin noocyada kala duwan ee chrysanthemums beerta kuwaas oo kaalinta ugu sareysa ee sawirka.

Koonfurta California, ee 30 sano ee beeralayda qarnigii XX deeganada warshadaha isku dayeen in ay baaqbaaq dhirta hydroponic on noocyada kala duwan ee chrysanthemums. Iyo beerista of hab noocan oo kale ah ayaa noqday mid guulo badan.

Sand iyo quruurux waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida a muhashada hydroponic.

Faa'iidada badan hab dhaqanka hydroponic waa in ubax ku soo saari doonaa laamihiisa curdanka xoog badan, caleemaha iyo inflorescences dhalaalaya si deeqsinimo ah midab, sameeyay nidaam xidid awood.

Chrysanthemums, ay sabab u hantida, daawooyinka, halka blooms haqab tiran yihiin waxtar u leh caafimaadka dadka. All noocyo iyo noocyada - beerta, aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, baadiyaha iyo odnosteblevye - abuuro hareerihiisa ku wareegsan microclimate a wanaagsan. Qoondaysaa bactericides iyo saliidaha lagama maarmaanka ah, buuxinta dhadhan hawada qadhaadhaatay.

Waxaa muddo dheer loo yaqaan guryaha daweynta ee ubaxa. caleemaha ku jira xaddi sare ee nafaqeeyayaalka yar - K, mg, amayno, Se, lagama maarmaanka u ah nolosha aadanaha. In Shiinaha, waxay aaminsan yihiin in ubax bamam, brewed leh shaaha cagaaran, la kordhiyo dhadhan u cusboonaysiinta iyo guryaha, daawooyinka.