Nidaamka Waxbarashada Abroad, History

In taariikhda waxbarashada dugsiga ee Western Europe iyo United States waxaa jira waqti badan oo xiiso leh waxbarashada Ruush casriga ah.

nidaamka waxbarashada ee reer galbeedka Yurub iyo Maraykanka ayaa la sameeyay sarkhaansan yihiin daahfurka awood badan sayniska dabiiciga ah ee Warega of XIX - XX qarniyo, oo ay ku jiraan in cilmi nafsiga ilmaha. Wakhtigan, waxaa helay barbaarinta bilowga is baddalay, kuwa badan oo ka mid ah fikradaha la xiriira iyo in baahida maalmahan.

waxbaridda dhakhtar Talyaani Maria Montessori ayaa ku bixiyeen formula ah "ku salaysan ilmuhu." Qoraaga E.Key Swedish hababka ku salaysan ee cawaaqibka dabiiciga ah - abuurka ah ee layliyada ee horumarka ah ee ciidamada dabiiciga ah ee ilmaha. baraha American Dzhon Dyui ahaa aasaasihii oo ka mid ah habka iyo barbaarinta ee wadday mashaariic ku wajahan xirfadaha nolosha ku ool ah.

Muddadan, si firfircoon horumarinta daydo cusub ee dugsiga, "tallaabo dugsiga" August Wilhelm Lai ee Germany, ka "School of nolosha iyada oo loo marayo nolosha" O.Dekroli ee France. Koraya ururada waxbarashada caalamiga iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyo in naadisaan xorriyad, waxbarashada prirodosoobraznosti iyo tababar. In meesha ugu horeysa - danaha waxbarasho ee ardayda, loogu talagalay in qofka, si firfircoonida.

nidaamka class-Hawsha dhaqanka ayaa haatan lagu eedeynayaa sababta oo ah xeer adag oo ah habka waxbarashada iyo xadeynta in falalka cunugga.

"Isbeddel" barbaarinta siiyey kor u eegis ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka waxbarashada dhaqanka ee Yurub iyo USA. In 40-60 sano ee qarnigii XX bilaabmin habaynta waxbarashada dugsiga la taaban karo. At qalbiga transformations bilaabay sidii dadaal lagu doonayo in hindisaha barashada, madax bannaan, dadkii hal abuur ay tahay in ay ka shaqeeyaan heerka technology advanced awoodaan. jihada kale oo dib u habaynta - abuurka ah ee waxbarashada guud multivariate.

habaynta waxbarashada American 1961 horey mabda'a khasab ah "Five saldhigyadii": luqadda Ingiriisiga iyo suugaanta, xisaabta, sayniska dabiiciga ah, cilmiga bulshada, injineernimada kombuyuutarka. Maadooyinka kale - koorsooyin la doorto, kuwaas oo waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan kun a.

in habka waxbarashada ee Germany, sidoo kale, waxa uu noqday a "waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah oo lagu daray koorsooyin", iyo sidoo kale soo bandhigay profile cusub - farsamada, beeraha, farsamo iyo farsamada, muusikada, iyo korontada.

In England, transformations sida ayaa ka walaacsan dugsiyada dawladda. eegno habka waxbarashada sidan oo kale: 50% ee waqtiga dugsiga u hibeeyeen ilaa ay luqadda Ingiriisiga iyo suugaanta, xisaabta, diinta, waxbarashada jirdhiska, 50% - hayaa maadooyinka qasabka ah doorashada - aadamaha, cilmiga dabiiciga ah, xisaabta.

Nidaamka waxbarashada ee Mareykanka waxaa lagu habeeyay in jihada la caruurta hibada leh shaqada heerka barnaamijyada guud. "Supersady" muuqday ee caruurta hibada leh ilaa shan sano. Dugsiyada ayaa lagu soo xulay caruurta hibo (shuruuda ugu weyn - awood u leh inay u malaynayaa in meel ka baxsan diilinta) oo lagu tijaabiyey. About 35 kun ardayda hibada leh helaan dhaafitaan gelitaanka ah jaamacadaha ugu wanaagsan dalka. Si aad u diyaariso dugsiga mustaqbalka la abuuray barnaamijka dawladda "Start" iyo "Sisin" kaas oo abaabulay fasalada barbaarinta carruurta, oo halkaasna waxaa joogay 130 barnaamijyada TV waxbarasho ee barbaarinta.

In 60-80 sano ee qarnigii XX ah, nidaamka waxbarashada qalaad aad buu u saameeyay dugsiyada tijaabada in tijaabin cusub habka waxbaridda.

'School Open "waa hay'ad waxbarasho waqti-buuxa ah, in qeybtii hore - casharada qeybtii labaad - casharo group (tiyaatarka, safarada, barbaro, socda).

"School aan Darbiyada" caawisay ee wax lacag dheeraad ah si loo yareeyo tirada fasalka iyo si kor loogu qaado xiisaha geedi socodka waxbarashada. Daraasaddu waxay of nidaamo aasaasiga ah ee ka dhacaya dugsiyada, iyo koorsooyin la doorto ayaa la sameeyey dhirta warshadaha, xafiisyada, iwm

"Alternative School" ee dalka Mareykanka noqday nidaam imaanayn class-cashar - arday kasta ah qorshe tababar shaqsi; shaqada ee xarumaha cilmi-baarista, maktabadaha, matxafyada, ka qaybgalka waalidka ee habka tababarka.

Shaki kuma jiro in nidaamka waxbarashada dibadda ayaa waxaad fartaan in orientation ah bini'aadamnimada, diiradda lagu saaray horumarinta shakhsiyeed ee carruurta, iyo sidoo kale in la si weyn loo soo bandhigay waxbarasho khaas ah iyo takhasuska.