Nidaamka lacagta Jamaica

Duniduna waxay maanta hawl Jamaica nidaamka lacagta, kaas oo heshiiska lagu saxiixay in Jamaica ee Kingston horraantii 1976. Its hordhaca si buuxda loo tagay mabda'a caadiga ah dahabkii iyo sharciyad heerka free floatation (dabaasha). farsamo ee gobolada iyo saamaynta qaran on formation of heerka sarifka lacagaha qalaad ayaa si weyn u habaynta. nidaamka Tani ma aha oo ku salaysan nidaamka lacagta dalalka shaqsi (oo ay ku jiraan Maraykanka) - waxay ku salaysan tahay mabaadiida sharci ee inter-state.

Ansaxinta ee nidaamka cusub ee heerka sarrifka leeyahay prehistory. In ka konton konton goor dambe iyo demoqaraadiyad hore ee qarnigii XX ee Maraykanka, mudo markii qaar badan oo ka mid ah dheelitirka ee lacagta soo baxday in negative, cadadka doolarka ah u kordhay ka baxsan soohdimaha dalka, sida kaydka dahabka ah ku noqdaan dhammaaday. Maraykanka ayaa, sida laga soo xigtay heshiisyadii Bretton Woods, ayaa lagu qasbay in ay buuxiyaan baahida sii kordhaya ee bangiyada dhexe dahab ah dalalka kale. Oo markay aad u aragto in Mareykanka dahab ah waxaa lagu qasbay in ay iska iibiso qiimo go'an oo ah $ 35 per ounce, waxaa cad in this ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u horseeday inay ku keneen ee reserve dahab ah.

baabiiyo ee caadiga ah oo dahab ah, bilaabay in 1971 noqday Richard Nixon, iyo ku rakibidda ee isbedbedelka xad suurto gal ah in qiimaha (magacaaban) lacagta doolarka kala duwan ee 2.25% waxay keentay in Degenaansho weyn ee suuqyada sarifka lacagaha qalaad. Nidaamka Bretton Woods ma uu karin inuu sii wado iyo in la kordhiyo bareeg si 4.5%, iyo in 1972, guga, dawladda Maraykanku ku dhawaaqday qiima ah boqolkiiba 10 ka mid ah dollar ah.

Japan horaantii 1973 ku dhawaaqday heerka sabayn lacagta qaranka, laakiin meel bil iyo EU ku sameeyey. Sidaas darteed, "ayuu sabayn" taliskii sarrifka hadda ka aan rasmi noqday dega, si Degenaansho kordhay lacagaha dunida.

nidaamka lacagta Jamaica ayaa bilowgii sharci ah oscillations free of heerka sarrifka. Tan iyo 1978, dhaqan galay on charter updated ah IMF, kaas oo u ogolaanaya dalalka xubnaha ka dabacsanaan in ay wadaan, gaar ahaan:

• xubno ka mid ah fund ah way ka reeban yihiin abuuritaanka parities lacag iyo xaq u leedahay in ay isticmaalaan a "sabayn" taliskii heerka sarrifka;
• sarrifka suuqa u dhexeeya lacagaha si ay u dejiyaan sinnaanta kala duwanaan karaan gudahood kala duwan ee 4.5% ka,
• dal oo ka doorteen si uu u xaliyo sinnaanta ee ay lacagta, si ay u 'sabayn' sarrifka taliskii tegi karo haddii la doonayo.

Sayidka, nidaamka lacagta Jamaica ayaa la siiyaa xubnaha IMF in ay doortaan:

• dhigay lacagta "sabayn" heerka sarrifka;
• ama sii unit go'an of account of IMF ee JDS (xuquuqda sawirka gaarka ah), soo hordhaca ah ee "Heerka dahab ah", ama unugyada kale ee suurto galka ah ee xisaabta,
• Ooga ratio adag ee ay lacagta (xidho) si ay lacagaha kale, mid ama in ka badan.

Laakiin waxaa macquul ah ee sinnaanta ee lacagaha la eego oo dahab ah waxaa gabi ahaanba laga saaray.

Ka mid ah dalalka la a "sabayn" heerka sarrifka, waxaa suurto gal ah in la ogaado Maraykanka, Kanada, Switzerland, Japan, Greece, Israa'iil, UK iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Marar badan, bangiyada dhexe ee dalalkaas, la isbedbedelka fiiqan weli ilaaliyaan heerka sarrifka. Taasi waa sababta ay "sabayn" heerka sarrifka loo yaqaan "gacanta" ama "wasakh ah." Guud ahaan, heerka sarrifka ee dalalka horumaray ku jiraan koox ama saafi ah "dabaasha".

Waxaa sidoo kale jira nidaamka lacagta gobolka u gaar ah, sida ku EMU, kaas oo markii hore loo adeegsaday ECU unit xisaabinta cusub oo ku salaysan dambiil ah lacagaha waddammada ku jira xisbiga heshiiska. Sanadkii 1999, ECU la bedelay Euro ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee nidaamka lacagta Jamaica ayaa loo baahan yahay in dheeraad ah dib u habaynta loo baahan yahay si loo horumariyo hab ay lacag caalamiga ah, mid ka mid ah ilaha xasilooni of dhaqaalaha qaranka iyo dunida.